Varius Circuits
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Once the circuit gets current, all variables are initialized and the loop function is continually running. Initially all LEDs are off and there is no signal at the output. By pressing the signal switch, the first light that shows the most signal is at the.... -
This circuit operates as an oscillator and a timer. The 2N6028 is normally on due to excess holding current through the 100 k resistor. When the switch is momentarily closed, the 10 µ¥ capacitor is charged to a full 15 volts and 2N2926 starts oscillating.... -
The inexpensive 7404 hex-inverter has enough amplification to handle a wide range of transducers. Closing the key completes the battery circuit and applies four to five volts to the 7404. Bias for the first two inverter amps (Ula and Ulb) comes from the two.... -
A JFET (Ql) serves as the oscillator. D2 helps to stabilize the transistor by limiting positive sinewave peaks and stabilizing the bias. Output from Ql is supplied to a class A buffer, Q2. It operates as a broadband amplifier by means of Tl, which is.... -
This oscillator uses standard inverters, one resistor and one capacitor, and has no minimum operating frequency. R and C must be chosen such that currents into the gates are below recommended operating limits and that leakage current into the gates and into.... -
A quad op amp can simultaneously generate four synchronized waveforms. The two comparators (Al and A3) produce square and pulse waves, while the tWo integrators (A2 and A4) give triangular and sawtooth waves. .. -
The scheme presented delivers waveforms from any function generator producing a triangular output and a synchronized TTL square wave. A1 and A2 act as a two-phase current fectifier by inverting the negative voltage appearing at the input of Al. Positive.... -
An oscillator/amplifier is resistively tunable over a wide frequency range. Feedback circuits containing operational amplifiers, resistors, and capacitors synthesize the electrical effects of an inductance and capacitance in parallel between the input.... -
A circuit for multiplying the width of incoming pulses by a factor greater or less than unity is simple to build and has the feature that the multiplying factor can be selected by adjusting one potentiometer only. The multiplying factor is determined by.... -
The circuit is designed around the Intersil 8038CC. Frequency range is approximately 20 Hz to 20 kHz—a tuning range of 1000:1 with a single control. The output frequency depends on the value of C2 and on the setting of potentiometer Rl. Other values of C2.... -
The positive and negative peak amplitude is controllable to an accuracy of about ± 0.01 V by a dc input. Also, the output frequency and symmetry are easily adjustable. The oscillator consists of an integrator and two comparators—one comparator sets the.... -
A variable oscillator covers 3.2 to 22 MHz in two bands—providing coverage of 80 through 15 meters plus most crystal-filter frequencies. Optional 455 kHz and 10.7 MHz crystal oscillators can be switched on-line for precise if alignment. Generator output is.... -
The circuit consists of a variable current source that charges a capacitor, which is rapidly discharged by a Schmitt-trigger comparator. The sawtooth waveform thus produced is fed to another comparator, one with a variable switching level. The output from.... -
The Colpitis sinusoidal oscillator provides stable output amplitude and frequency from 0°F to +150°F. In addition, output amplitude is large and harmonic distortion is low. Oscillation is sustained by feedback from the collector tank circuit to the.... -
The pulse repetition rate is selected by positioning SI to the desired position and the rate remains essentially constant when the resistors which determine on-period and off-period are adjusted. .. -
A Wien bridge oscillator produces sine waves with very low distortion level. The Wien bridge oscillator produces zero phase shift at only one frequency (f = Vx t RC) which will be the oscillation frequency. Stable oscillation can occur only if the loop gain.... -
Transistor Q5 and the 1000 ohm resistor form the variable element needed for controlling the frequency of VCO by limiting the charging current flowing into the 0.15 timing capacitor according to the forward bias being applied to Q5. As the voltage on pins 2.... -
The circuit uses two gates of a 7400 IC cross-connected to form an astable multivibrator driven by the 1-pulse per second output of the digital clock IC. The hee-haw circuit has a low frequency astable modulator added to make a self-contained European-type.... -
Using a single chip LM324 can, with active R-C networks, reduce the size of a 3-phase waveform generator, and prove useful in compact and stable 3-phase inverters. One quarter of an LM324 is used as a Wien bridge oscillator generating a pure sinusoidal.... -
This circuit works well in the range of 50 kHz to 500 kHz. Slight component modifications are needed for higher frequency operation.. -
If the output is low, application of a negative-going pulse to the trigger input sets the flip-flop (Q goes low), drives the output high, and turns off 1. Capacitor C is then charged through Ra until the voltage across the capacitor reaches the threshold.... -
This circuit has a Schmitt trigger and integrator built around one op amp. Timing is controlled by the RC network. Voltage at the inverting input follows the RC charging exponential within the upper and lower hysteresis levels. By closing the switch SWI, the.... -
This low-cost operational-amplifier circuit (A) generates four different functions with adjustable periods. For the components shown here, the period of the output waveforms is given by T = 4RC and T = 2RC. With switch SI in position A, VI is a triangular.... -
To obtain a 1000:1 Sweep Range, the voltage across external resistors Ra and Rb must decrease to nearly zero. This requires that the highest voltage on control pin 8 exceed the voltage at the top of Ra and Rb by a few hundred millivolts. The circuit achieves.... -
The output-pulse width from the circuit is a linear function of the input pulse"s height. You can set the circuit"s input threshold to discriminate against low-level pulses, while fixed components limit the circuit"s maximum output -pulse width. With a.... -
The oscillator section uses three sections of a 7400 quad NAND gate integrated circuit. The 1-MHz signal from the oscillator is fed into a 7 490 decade counter configured to divide by ten, providing the 100kHz signal. To obtain the 50 and 25kHz outputs,.... -
The gate drive that phase controls the four parallel SCRs is accomplished with complementary MOS hex gate MC14572 and two bipolar transistors. This adjustable line-synchronized driver pennits SCR conduction from near zero to 180 degrees. A Schmitt trigger.... -
This circuit for multiplying the width of incoming pulses by a factor greater or less than unity is simple to build and has the feature that the multiplying factor can be selected IYJ adjusting one potentiometer only. The multiplying factor is determined.... -
The circuit doubles tbe frequency of a digital signal by operating on botb signal edges. Each transition causes exclusive-OR gate IC1 to produce a pulse, which clocks flip-flop IC3 after propagating through buffers IC2C and IC2B. Ifyou remove capacitor Cl,.... -
An input signal drives both SN74 74 D-type flip-flops, which are positive edge-triggered devices. A low-to-high input signal transition triggers tbe A flip-flop, while a high-to-low input signal transition triggers the B flip-flop via tbe SN7404 inverter..... -
This circuit, shown symmetrically, divides an input by virtually any odd number. The circuit counts n + 1/2 clocks twice to achieve the desired divisor. By selecting the proper n, which is tbe decoded output of the LS161 counter, you can obtain divisors.... -
The frequency doubler uses only one !C. Like other doublers, this circuit uses both the rising and falling edges of the input signals to produce digital pulses, thus effectively doubling the input"s frequency. Without the rc networks at IC1 inputs, IC1....
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New Circuits
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This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of.... -
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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