Most Atmel AVR microcontrollers can be programmed via their in-built serial programming interfaces (SPI). This method is ideal for in-situ programming, such as might be used in manufacturing or for firmware development or field upgrades. In this scenario, the micro remains in its socket on the application board and a low-cost in-system programmer(ISP) is
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plugged into a dedicated programming header. In other words, the microcontroller does not have to be removed from its socket and plugged into a parallel programmer each time a firmware update is required. However, in some cases it is desirable to programme a microcontroller stand-alone, such as when the application board is unavailable or doesn`t include an ISP (or JTAG) header. A low-cost method of stand-alone programming might also be useful where a batch of chips is needed for a small prototype run and the cost of a commercial parallel programmer is prohibitive. This is where the AVR ISP SocketBoard comes in. It provides the minimum of functions necessary to support in-system programming, including a regulated power supply, clock source and microcontroller IC socket. Just connect your in-system programmer to a PC, plug its ISP cable into the SocketBoard`s on-board header and add a DC plugpack. You`re then ready to start programming! As you can see from the photos, the SocketBoard contains five programming sockets. Why so many Well, we`ve provided one programming socket for each group of micros with common SPI pinouts. This allowed us to eliminate the switching logic that would have been required if we`d used just a single, 40-pin socket, so greatly simplifying design and construction. We expect that many constructors will install just one or two programming sockets (depending on their requirements), to keep costs as low...
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This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
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