The objective of this controller project is to have automatic block and switch control of five separate engines that run on two completely independent loops of track. Part of each loop is outside (public) and part is inside (hidden from public view). The inside part has switch controlled sidings where the idle trains wait. The inner loop can accom
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
modate three trains and the outer two trains. When a train completes its outside run and enters the inside area it is automatically assigned to an empty siding. It enters the siding and, when it reaches an optical sensor, power is removed from that block. One of the idle trains is activated and moves onto the outside area of the layout. The first drawing below shows the outside (public) part of the layout. Note that it will be revised to show two loops with one inside of the other, not one above the other as it is now depicted. All trains will go through the two loops in a counter clockwise direction, entering at either "one-in" or "two-in". This means that control is only needed for switches 1, 4, and 6. Switches 1 and 4 control the inner loop and switch 6 controls the outer loop. Optical position sensors are installed at the points on the track labeled a, b, c, d, and e. The sections of track between a controlled switch and an optical sensor (between switch 4 and sensor a for example) are isolated from the main track power and make up a block where power can be removed so that the train stops and waits there. 5 Optical Sensors - These are made up of an infrared LED that is placed on one side of the track and an IR detector that is placed across from it. When the train breaks the IR beam a data pulse is generated. The IR LEDs are modulated at 38 kHz to prevent false readings. The IR detector (part #PNA4602M) only reacts to...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
characters left: