The principles of DC motors are covered in the beginner and intermediate sections of this tutorial. This section will cover the electronics needed to interface them to a Basic X microcontoller or other digital chip. The easiest way of controlling motors is using the Robocore. This board contains the driver electronics to control up to 4 DC motors
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or 2 stepper motors, and features direction LED`s for easy debugging of circuits. Transistors are electronic switches, they allow you to turn on large voltages (the motor power supply) using a very small current (like the output pin of the Basic X). Each pair of transistors is connected to a pin on the micro controller and control the polarity of the current supplied to the motor. The actual components required would depend on the size of the motors that you want to use. The diodes in the circuit are very important and are called fly back diodes. They are there to prevent voltage spikes from the motors from destroying the transistors. When a motor rotates and changes direction the coils of wire inside it act as a generator and produce a current. This current is called the back electro motive force, or back E. M. F. for short. This current travels back through the circuit, in the form of powerful voltage spikes, to the transistor. Now, because transistors only allow current to flow in one direction the current hits a bottle neck as the transistor tries to stop the reverse current. If this current is particularly large, say when your reversing the direction of the motor, it will simply blow the transistor, giving your new circuit a pretty short life. The circuit can be powered using whatever voltage is suitable for your motors. If you are using two power supplies, one to power your Basic X and another to power your motors,...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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