Controlling the speed of a motor is very important in many situations especially in robotics. There are many techniques of controlling the speed of motors, each with their advantages and disadvantages. This document will show you how to build a motor controller which controls the speed of a motor by varying the input voltage. Along the same lines,
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it is useful in many situations to know the exact speed of the motor (in rotations per second for example). By knowing the exact speed of the motor, we can then adjust the motor`s speed to exactly what we want. Once again, there are many ways to do this, the method shown in this document is purely electrical and requires no additional sensors. From the outside, the 3 look almost identical. They all have a rotating shaft running through the centre. For our purposes, we will be designing our components for DC motors only. DC motors are commonly used in hobby situations and robotics. They are cheap and robust and easy to use. DC motor are made by wrapping coils of wire around a post. These windings are placed inside a magnetic field (created by permenant magnets or electromagnets). When a voltage is applied to the windings, a current will go through the coil, which will create another magnetic field. The two magnetic fields may attact each other (like two opposite poles of magnets) or repell each other (like two similar poles of magnets). This will cause the the windings to move and rotate the central shaft of the motor. After making a half a rotation, the current going through the windings will go in reverse (due to a switch known as the commutator ring) and the motor will continue spinning. Far better descriptions can be found here: The purpose of the speed controller is to vary the speed of the motor. The name "speed...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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