The term Arduino actually refers to a system of components that include the board, the microcontroller, the boot-loader, and the programming environment. It is a system designed to `protect` the user from a lot of the complication that is part of microcontroller programming. At the heart of the Arduino board is a microcontroller called the ATMEGA3
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28P. The Arduino board acts like a space suit for the ATMEGA, providing life support and doing its best to protect the chip from damage. At the end of the day, the Arduino is a development board. While you can make the Ardino a permanent part of you project, once you have finished with the development phase of your design, it is often cleaner and less expensive to replace it with a stand alone ATMEGA microcontroller circuit. This is what we are going to build. The Arduino board has built in power regulation circuitry that provides a steady 5 Volts to the ATMEGA328P. But, since the Arduino is going bye-bye, we have to build our own power supply circuit. We also need to provide a clock source for the microcontroller. The 16Mhz crystal and 22pF capacitors take care of that. Let`s look at what this circuit is doing. The 9 volt power from your adapter is being fed to a 1N4001 diode. This diode will only allow current to pass in one direction so if the adapter is connected backwards, the circuit will be protected. The 7805 regulator then drops the voltage down to 5 volts and holds it there. The 10uF and 100uF smooth out any ripples in the 5 volt supply. This steady 5 volt power is supplied to the ATMEGA328P chip. The 16Mhz crystal and 22pf capacitors supply a steady clock signal to the microcontroller. Finally, in 10K resistor holds the microcontrollers `reset` pin high, so the chip will run it`s program. It`s a very simple...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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