The different strengths between the PMOS and NMOS transistors can be observed through a simple test of ramping up the input voltage an observing the point at which the output voltage will switch from 5V to 0V. To perform this test, click on the cell named Inverter_var_test and open the schematic view (refer to Screenshot 5). You will notice
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
that the circuit now consists of the inverter with some voltage sources, one providing power to the circuit (V0), one providing the input signal (v1). Now click on the Tools menu up in the top left hand corner. Then select Analog Environment and a new window will open up (refer to Screenshot 6). Now you will need to run the simulation. This is done vie either clicking on Simulation and selecting Netlist and Run or by clicking directly on the Netlist and Run button (refer to Screenshot 9). The simulation will open up an Output Log (refer to screenshot 10) detailing the simulation while the simulation runs, and once the simulation finishes, an Output Waveform window will appear with the input and output waveforms (refer to screenshot 11). From this window (refer to screenshot 11) you will notice that as the input voltage to the inverter circuit is increased the output voltage will switch from 5V to 0V, representing a switch from a 1 value to a 0 value. You will notice however, that the point that the output switches is not at the middle of the input range. As mentioned before, this is due to the fact the NMOS switching on more strongly than the PMOS switches off, represented as the NMOS resistance being smaller than the PMOS resistance. The exact switching value is provided by the In->Out Cross (V) output to be 2. 164V.
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
characters left: