Sun tracking systems are very effective in increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) arrays, and are essential for concentration PV systems. The following paper discusses a light tracking servo model which has been built to simulate the movement of a PV array. A mathematical model is developed and a qualitative comparison of the mathematical model and
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the actual physical model is done to demonstrate the dynamics of a light tracking servo system. An overall transfer function for a permanent magnet direct current (dc) motor was also developed. This subject is treated as a separate Case Study in this course (see Case Study F). The motor transfer function is used in the development of an overall transfer function for the light tracking servo system. Using the overall transfer function, a computer simulation program within Matlab is used to simulate the dynamics of the servo system. A qualitative analysis of the Matlab results and the dynamics of the working physical model are compared to clearly illustrate the important dynamics of the system. The light tracking system consists of a permanent magnet dc motor, a directional light detecting circuit, and an amplifier to drive the motor. Refer to the model and to Fig. 6E. 1 for the physical configuration and a simple block diagram representation. Two photo sensitive resistors are physically mounted on a triangular plexiglass mount so that when the panel (the aluminum bar) is perpendicular to the light source, each receives an equal amount of irradiance. When one receives more light than the other, the panel is not aligned properly and an error voltage results. The error voltage is used as a command to an amplifier circuit to drive the motor and align the panel to be perpendicular to the light source beam. The following...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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