Ok, its been a while since I did much more than think about my micromouse, but over the last week or so I actually did some work` on the sensor design First off this is all theoretical, I need some bits an pieces before I can test this outside of simulation. Hopefully in the next week or so I will order the bits I need. Commonly optical sensors
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are used which act upon the basic premise that the diameter of a cone of light will get bigger as it travels, hence the intensity of light over a specific sensing area will vary with the distance the light has traveled. There are also other factors such as scattering and the reflectivity of the surface etc. etc. but there is a correlation, that`s the main point. I am concerned with detecting the intensity of the light reflected, and removing any noise. My current design assumes that I have a source transmitting IR light at 10KHz and a receiver which converts received light to a current (such as a phototransistor). First I convert this current to a usable voltage, then filter it to remove the noise and then I use a peak detect and hold circuit to get the sensor reading. This stage is quite simple, it takes the current and produces a voltage following the rule Vout = -Iin * R. The value of the resistor should be selected based on the current expected. I chose 66K as I am considering having some digital potentiometers in there, and that`s there value. Notice that the positive terminal of the opamp is connected to Vcc, this creates a virtual ground at Vcc allowing it to go from 5V down the 0V. Because of this the voltage is now upside down` so the next bit of the circuit fixes this. This is a difference amplifier which takes Vcc and subtracts out voltage from it, meaning the signal goes from 0V to 5V. Although not shown here...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
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The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
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In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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