Original components, when still good, are stable and not subjected to infant mortality. Of course everybody has his own opinions derived from past experiences. Nevertheless answers may vary depending upon several reasons: quality of the design with proper use of right components, type and quality of materials, environmental conditions
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during life and storage of equipment. I see frequent discussions tied to specific models. Since almost every collector of old radio equipment may be interested in this topic, I decided to open a generic thread, hoping that readers would add their experiences. A short can be easily identified by low voltage and/or resistance values all around the faulty section. Often shorted caps cause other faults, as burned resistors or blown fuses. Whenever one of the latter conditions is encountered, shorted capacitor should be suspected unless different cause is found. This failure is common in electrolytic capacitors, when fully dried. If faulty capacitor is in the B+ filter section, a loud hum will arise. In some circumstances, such as in the cathode path of audio power amplifier tubes, a dried capacitor could also give benefic effect on sound quality. Opens can also be occasionally found in some polystyrene foil capacitors, due thermal stress on the leads. These may derive from different causes: partial drying of electrolyte in aluminum capacitors; drying or alteration of impregnating oils or waxes in paper capacitors; moisture adsorption in ceramic or in paper dielectric; small cracks in silver coating of some lacquered mica capacitors, partial chipping of ceramic capacitors. A twenty-percent decrease in the capacitance of filter electrolytic capacitors may be tolerated, but a five-percent variation on the value of ceramic...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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