The objective of Linkwitz` article was to reduce distorted spatial reproduction when listening to recorded stereo music with headphones-the `super stereo` effect where the music seems to be coming from inside one`s head. To remove the spatial distortion, Linkwitz reasoned that a small portion of a stereo channel`s signal should be fed into the other channel-and presented
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arguments on the frequency contouring of the required crossfeed. There is a recent Addendum on this page that describes software that implements the spatial distortion reduction scheme outlined on this site-it allows a RIFF/WAVE format selection from a music CD to be "digitally re-mastered" for use with headphones. It works especially well with portable high capacity CD/MP3 players. There is a reason why many musicians and sound/recording/mixing engineers prefer headphones to speakers, (particularly with the recent releases of very good RF and IR connected headphones that remove the leash, ) except for casual listening. (Note: there is a companion project, Direct Coupled Stereo Headphone Amplifier, that eliminates output coupling capacitors-and their related problems-and uses the surround sound techniques discussed here. ) At half wavelengths longer than the spacing spacing between the ears, directional characteristics of speakers are reduced, and the sound waves will diffract around the head; stereo characteristics can not be reproduced, and each ear will hear about the same sound intensity from either speaker. The strategy to make headphones sound like speakers in a spatial environment at low frequencies is to mix both channels, equally, for frequencies below Fl, (e. g. , combine low frequencies from each channel in a monophonic fashion. ) This means that the low frequency listening environment for speakers can be...
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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