The minimal Arduino circuit is dead simple. It relies on the internal 8MHz oscillator (like the Lilypad Arduino). And like the Lilypad, it doesn`t include a USB-to-serial. You have to provide that with a FTDI USB-to-serial cable or with an old Arduino board. While the circuit is very similar to a Lilypad Arduino, the chip used is different. The ATmega8 has less memory and must be
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programmed slightly differently than the Lilypad`s ATmega168. So a modified Arduino bootloader needs to be programmed into the ATmega8. The bootloader is a small program on the chip that listens to the serial port on power up and can reprogram the rest of the chip if instructed to. Here, a variant of the standard Arduino NG bootloader is used. The modifications are: Unzip this file into the arduino-0015/hardware/bootloaders directory of your Arduino installation to create the directory atmega8_noxtal . The zip file contains: Actually programming the bootloader to the ATmega8 chip can be done in a few ways. I prefer using an AVRISPmkII programmer and an old Arduino board. Seat the ATmega8 into the Arduino, plug the AVRISP into the 6-pin ICSP header, plug both into USB, and program the ATmegaBOOT. hex file. If you are familiar with the command-line, go into the atmega8_noxtal directory and type make isp to program. If not, you can have the Arduino software program it for you once you tell it about this new kind of Arduino board. Because this minimal Arduino setup isn`t exactly like any other previous Arduino boards, we need to tell the Arduino software how to talk to it. In the Arduino directory, there is a file called arduino-0015/hardware/boards. txt that does this. Open that file in a text editor and add these lines to it: ############################################################## atmega8noxtal....
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