how to configure a relay to a transistor
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Direct Coupled Discrete Astable Multivibrator circuit
This flip-flop circuit functions as a free-running astable multivibrator, where the bases and collectors of both emitter-biased transistors are directly coupled. The switching action is facilitated by a capacitor in each emitter circuit, resulting in the generation of triangle waves...
Toy Motor Drivers
This is a reverse-engineered circuit diagram of a one-transistor circuit commonly used to drive permanent magnet DC motors in children's toys. This circuit typically employs the 625mW version of the widely used 8050 or 8550 transistor. It is important to...
Hands-free-telephone
Transistor Q1 in the headset amplifier circuit amplifies the 30 mV signal intended for the earphones to 0.5 V, which is sufficient to drive stereo earphones. Capacitor C1 blocks any DC current from shorting back into the telephone base. Capacitor...
TUNED-COLLECTOR ARMSTRONG OSCILLATOR
The DC path is established from the negative side (ground) of VCC through RE, Q1, T1, and returns to the positive side of VCC. The figure clearly illustrates that both the AC and DC components flow through the tank circuit....
Basic Transistor Circuits
This circuit is designed to drive a relay coil using a low power output, typically from an integrated circuit (IC) such as a 555 timer or a TTL/CMOS device. It facilitates the switching of high loads or loads requiring AC...
Basic reference bias circuit transistor - negative voltage feedback
Basic reference bias circuit using a transistor with negative voltage feedback.
The basic reference bias circuit utilizing a transistor with negative voltage feedback is designed to provide a stable output voltage or current that is largely independent of variations in temperature...
Delaying the release of DC relay circuit
To fulfill the requirements of a control loop, it is often necessary to utilize an electromagnetic relay or a transistor relay to either accelerate or delay an action, thereby forming a circuit designed for acceleration or delay. The circuit illustrated...
Controlled Transistor Series Regulator With Overload and Short-Circuit Protection
If the load resistance (RL) is reduced or the load terminals are accidentally shorted, a very large load current will flow, potentially damaging the pass transistor (Q1), diode, or other components. Fuse protection may not be sufficient, as the transistor...
Transistorized flashers
Transistors Q1 and Q2 are configured as a free-running multivibrator. The output at the emitter of Q2 drives the base of the common emitter amplifier Q3, which controls the lamp. This circuit configuration allows for independent variation of flash duration,...