The circuit letsyou convert a serial pulse stream or sinusoidal input to a sinusoidal output at 1/32 the frequency. By varying the frequency of Vrn, you can achieve an output range ofl07:1-from about 100 kH2 to less than 0.01 H2. The output resembles that of a 5-bit d/a converter operating on paralleLdigital data. Counter IC1 generates binary codes that repeatedly scan the range from 00000 to 11111. The output amplifier adds the corresponding XOR gate outputs, Vvv or ground, weighted by the values of input resistors R1 through R4.
Click here to download the full size of the above Circuit.
The 16 counter codes 00000 to 01111, for instance, pass unchanged to the XOR gate outputs, and cause Vom to step through the half-sinusoidal cycle for maximum amplitude to minimum amplitude. Counter output Q4 becomes high for the next 16 codes, causing the XOR gates to invert the QO through Q3 outputs. As a result, VouT steps through the remaining half cycle from minimum to maximum amplitude. The counter then rolls over and initiates the next cycle. You can change the R1 through R4 values to obtain other VouT waveforms. VDv should be at least 12 V to assure maximum-frequency operation from IC1 to IC2.
This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of....
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is....
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to....
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This....
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the....
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,....
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the....
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power....
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
characters left: