16CR56S
16CR56S Technical Summary
Overview
The 16CR56S is a member of the PIC16C5X family of 8-bit microcontrollers developed by Microchip Technology. This high-performance, low-power CMOS microcontroller features a fully static design, making it ideal for embedded control applications. The device combines a RISC-based CPU with on-chip memory and versatile I/O capabilities, providing a cost-effective solution for a wide range of applications.
Key Features
- High-performance RISC CPU with only 33 single-word instructions
- All instructions execute in a single cycle (1 µs @ 4 MHz)
- 12-bit wide instructions, 8-bit wide data path
- Operating speed: DC - 20 MHz clock input
- DC - 200 ns instruction cycle
- 512 x 12-bit program memory (ROM)
- 25 x 8-bit general-purpose registers (RAM)
- 20 I/O pins with individual direction control
- 8-bit real-time clock/counter (TMR0) with 8-bit prescaler
- Power-on Reset (POR)
- Device Reset Timer (DRT)
- Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator
- Programmable code protection
- Power-saving SLEEP mode
- CMOS technology for low power consumption
- Wide operating voltage range: 2.5V to 6.0V
- Industrial temperature range: -40°C to +85°C
Architectural Overview
The 16CR56S features a Harvard architecture with separate program and data buses, allowing simultaneous access to program instructions and data. The CPU core implements a two-stage instruction pipeline that fetches the next instruction while executing the current one, enabling single-cycle execution for most instructions.
Memory Organization
The device incorporates a 512 x 12-bit program memory space and 25 bytes of general-purpose RAM. The program memory is organized as 512 words of 12 bits each, while the data memory consists of 25 general-purpose registers mapped in the data space.
I/O Ports
The 16CR56S provides 20 I/O pins organized into three ports:
- Port A: 5-bit bidirectional I/O port
- Port B: 8-bit bidirectional I/O port
- Port C: 7-bit bidirectional I/O port (shared with Timer0 input)
Each port pin can be individually configured as input or output through the TRIS registers.
Applications
The 16CR56S is suitable for a wide range of embedded control applications, including:
- Consumer electronics
- Automotive systems
- Industrial control
- Security systems
- Peripheral control devices
- Sensor interfaces
- Power tools
- Remote controls
- Appliance control
- Smart cards
Electrical Characteristics
Absolute Maximum Ratings
- Supply Voltage (VDD): -0.3V to +7.5V
- Input Voltage (VIN): -0.3V to VDD + 0.3V
- Storage Temperature: -65°C to +150°C
- Maximum Power Dissipation: 800 mW
DC Characteristics
Specifications apply to industrial temperature range (-40°C to +85°C) unless otherwise noted:
- Operating Voltage Range: 2.5V to 6.0V
- Input Low Voltage (VIL): 0.15 VDD (max)
- Input High Voltage (VIH): 0.25 VDD (min)
- Output Low Voltage (VOL): 0.6V (max) @ 8.7 mA
- Output High Voltage (VOH): VDD - 0.7V (min) @ -3.0 mA
- Power-on Reset Voltage: 1.5V (typical)
AC Characteristics
Timing parameters are specified for 4.5V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V and -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C:
- Oscillator Frequency: DC to 20 MHz
- Instruction Cycle Time: 200 ns (min) @ 20 MHz
- Timer0 Input Pulse Width: 50 ns (min)
- Reset Pulse Width: 100 µs (min)
- Watchdog Timer Period: 18 ms (nominal)
Package Information
The 16CR56S is available in multiple package options:
- 18-pin PDIP (Plastic Dual In-line Package): 0.300" wide body
- 18-pin SOIC (Small Outline IC): 0.150" body width
- 20-pin SSOP (Shrink Small Outline Package): 0.209" body width
Pin Configuration
The 18-pin PDIP package pinout is as follows:
- Pin 1: RA2/AN2
- Pin 2: RA3/AN3/VREF
- Pin 3: T0CKI/OSC1/CLKIN
- Pin 4: MCLR/VPP
- Pin 5: VSS (Ground)
- Pin 6: RB0/INT
- Pin 7: RB1
- Pin 8: RB2
- Pin 9: RB3
- Pin 10: RB4
- Pin 11: RB5
- Pin 12: RB6
- Pin 13: RB7
- Pin 14: VDD (Positive Supply)
- Pin 15: OSC2/CLKOUT
- Pin 16: OSC1/CLKIN
- Pin 17: RA0/AN0
- Pin 18: RA1/AN1
Development Support
Microchip provides comprehensive development support for the 16CR56S, including:
- MPLAB® Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
- PICkit™ series programmers/debuggers
- MPLAB® ICD in-circuit debuggers
- MPLAB® REAL ICE™ in-circuit emulator
- Application notes and technical documentation
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