Varius Circuits
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The Hartley Oscillator is a particularly useful circuit for producing good quality sine wave signals in the RF range, (30kHz to 30MHz) although at the higher limits of this range and above, The Colpitts oscillator is usually preferred. Although both these.... -
A typical Colpitts oscillator design. This circuit is very similar in operation to the Hartley oscillator described in Oscillators Module 2. 1 but the Colpitts LC tank circuit consists of a single inductor and two capacitors. The capacitors form in effect, a.... -
Build the Colpitts oscillator shown using either breadboard (proto board) or strip board, then test the oscillator`s operation using a multi meter and oscilloscope. This Colpitts oscillator produces a sine wave output in excess of 12Vpp at an approximate.... -
Where good frequency stability is required, in applications such radio transmitters, basic LC oscillators cannot guarantee to hold their frequency without some drifting, which can be caused by quite small changes in supply voltage (although stabilised power.... -
A basic Wien Bridge Oscillator using a filament lamp with an op amp. It is a property of filament lamps that the resistance of the tungsten filament increases in a non-linear manner as the filament heats up. The lamp in Fig. 3. 4. 1 is connected in the.... -
The basic bipolar transistor (BJT) version of an astable multivibrator as shown in Fig. 4. 1. 1 has two outputs that repeatedly change state at a rate determined by the time constants of its feedback network. Although largely superseded by its equivalent op.... -
If an oscillator of a particular frequency and mark to space ratio is required, (see Fig. 4. 4. 1) the method would be to calculate periodic time from the required frequency and the discharge time and charge time using the formulae for tD and tC described in.... -
The 555 timer is so named because its primary mode of operation is intended to be in monostable mode. Operating as a monostable, it does not fit the strict definition of an oscillator because, unlike true oscillators, it requires an input signal to trigger.... -
This simple LED torch is driven by a 2-transistor blocking oscillator which steps up the voltage from a 1. 5V cell. It relies on the inherent current limiting of the 150 µH choke to protect the white LED from over-drive. With a 9V zener diode in place of the.... -
This circuit was developed to allow watch crystals to be used in an existing CMOS oscillator circuit that was to run from a 12V supply. The problem is that these crystals only work up to a supply voltage of about 6V. Any more than that and the crystal will.... -
This oscillator circuit permits crystals to be electronically switched by logic commands. The circuit is best understood by initially ignoring all crystals. Furthermore, assume that all diodes are shorts and their associated 1kO resistors open. The two 1kO.... -
The phase shift oscillator of Figure above produces a sinewave output in the audio frequency range. Resistive feedback from the collector would be negative feedback due to 180o phasing (base to collector phase inversion). However, the three 60o RC phase.... -
A oscilloscope would be useful in analyzing the waveforms produced by this circuit, but it is not essential. An audio detector is a very useful piece of test equipment for this experiment, especially if you don`t have an oscilloscope. The "555" integrated.... -
For successful circuit-building exercises, follow these steps: Carefully measure and record all component values prior to circuit construction, choosing resistor values high enough to make damage to any active components unlikely. If there are any.... -
The oscillator circuits presented on this page are from expired or non-maintained U. S. Patents. All circuits are presented in "Electronic Workbench 5. 12" or "Multisim 7 circuit simulation formats". A note on spice simulation of electronic oscillator.... -
In this experiment, an oscillator is constructed using an operational amplifier and some other passive elements. This configuration for the oscillator is called Wien Bridge. The frequency of the oscillator is determined by R4, R5, C1, and C2 elements. In.... -
In case of Japan, the electricity to be using in the home is 50 Hz or 60 Hz. In case of 50 Hz, the 1-cycle sine wave occurs the 50 times for the 1 second. 60 Hz are the 60 times. There is a way of making make the Lissajous as the way of understanding that.... -
When adding an alternating current signal to the capacitor, the wave position (the phase) of the charging current of the capacitor and the voltage of the capacitor shifts by 90 degrees. When adding an alternating current signal to the coil, it changes.... -
The term VCXO stands for Voltage Control Crystal Oscillator. The frequency of such an oscillator can be adjusted by a small amount through changing the control voltage. VCXO CLK generators have been used in various applications, such as digital T.... -
A short note describing how to replace crystal and ceramic resonator clock circuits with silicon oscillators and highlighting some of the technical advantages offered by these devices in microcontroller clock applications.... -
This application note analyzes the details of a Wien-bridge oscillator, shows how a JFET maintains oscillation, and demonstrates adding a digital potentiometer (digipot), rather than a variable resistor, to improve stability and flexibility.... -
Design a 32kHz wide supply range oscillator with a low-power comparator, a reference and crystal oscillator.... -
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I hook up a tesla pancake coil in series with my bifilar wound coil to generate the resonance and the sharp gradient discharge that creates a vacuum flux. I run the CFL on about. 07amps @12. 42volt + 0. 8694 watts! Around the bifilar pancake coil, I have.... -
Colpitts oscillators are somewhat similar to the shunt fed Hartley circuit except the Colpitts oscillator, instead of having a tapped inductor, utilises two series capacitors in its LC circuit. With the Colpitts oscillator the connection between these two.... -
Hartley oscillator are inductively coupled, variable frequency oscillators where the oscillator may be series or shunt fed. Hartley oscillators have the advantage of having one centre tapped inductor and one tuning capacitor. This arrangement simplifies the.... -
At the point Vp the Emitter triggers and TURN the ujt ON, until this point ; the emitter is isolated(doesnt conduct) from the transistor so no Current Conduction occurs between Base1 and Base2... -
Assume initially, that there is a voltage Vc on capacitor C1 larger than Vbb-Vg. Where Vg is the cut in base to Emitter voltage and g represent Gamma. Hence the transistor is off and the capacitor C1 discharges exponentially towards ground with a time.... -
This web page describes the radio transmitter unit that flew aboard the Cirrus One rocket in April 2001. The intent of including the transmitter as payload was to: As the Cirrus One rocket was expected to achieve an altitude that would be well out of visual....
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This project fits more for custom made battery casing that can have more space to hide things inside. This switch with few alterations can be used for any other project as well but is designed based on e-bike needs! This project use a clever functionality of.... -
The circuit described here uses ultrasonic oscillations and operates based on the propagation velocity of these oscillations in the air. Thus, we can easily determine the distance of two points if the time within which the wave travels this distance is.... -
Sometimes the precious metals are hidden too deep and are not detected except with complicated devices. In many cases, however, small pieces of precious metal buried near the surface can be detected by relatively simple means. Everyone is very attractive to.... -
Many times for various reasons we forget or can not water the plants that we have in our homes. And many humidity sensors units just notify us with a beeping sound or with a flashing light, that the pot needs watering. But what if we are away from home? This.... -
The principle behind a metal detector is really very simple. Proof of this is the circuit that follows, in which it proves that the construction of a metal detector can be done in the minute, with few components that we find very easily everywhere. With the.... -
The sub-harmonic bass generator is a sound producing unit for guitars. The sound it produces looks very much like that of the bass guitar. The octave generator is sometimes quite unusual since it does not produce any of the usual ways of coloring the sound,.... -
In the past the sounding (sea bottom measurement) was done with the "bullet", that is, with a heavy lead object that the seamen plucked into the sea hung from a calibrated rope. As soon as the "bullet" reached the bottom, the depth appeared directly from the.... -
This Amplifier was designed to have the following specifications: Distortion less than 0.1% at full power of 100W even at 20KHz. Power has to be attributed to an extended bandwidth. The output transistors must be protected against short circuits. The power.... -
A series of LEDs serve to alert the gardener when plants need water. Using two conventional digital integrated LEDs and a series of LEDs, we make a very useful device for gardening. The device detects the amount of water in the pot and alerts the grower.....
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