Capacitive-sensor-alarm

Posted on May 9, 2012

The unit is constructed around a balanced-bridge circuit. using both capacitance and inductance. The bridge consists of capacitors C2 and C3, and the center-tapped winding of Tl. One end of the bridge is coupled to ground by C4, while capacitance changes are introduced through Cl. A small capacitance change unbalances the bridge and produces an ac signal at the base of Ql. Transistors Q1 and Q2 are connected to form a modified-Darlington amplifier.

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The collector load for Q2 is a separate winding of Tl that is connected out-of-phase with the incoming ac signal. That produces a large, distorted signal each time the bridge is unbalanced. The distorted signal is taken from the bridge circuitby a third winding of transformer Tl. That signal is then rectified by D6 and applied as a de signal to the base of Q3. The applied signal energizes the relay, K1, as soon as the unbalanced condition occurs, and the relay drops out as soon as the circuit balance is restored. Of course, for normal alarm use, the relay should be made self-latching, so that the alarm condition remains in effect until the system is reset. An audible alarm, such as a bell or klaxon hom, can be operated from the relay. If a silent alarm is needed, a light bulb can be used. Transformer Tl can be purchased as part #6182 from: Pulse Engineering, P.O. Box 12235, San Diego, CA 92112.

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