New Circuits Page 121
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A very simple audio compressor built with SSM2165 IC. There is no much explication about this compressor circuit schematic, just pay attention at capacitor....
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This is a 220V LED flasher circuit which is intended as a reliable replacement to thermally-activated switches used for Christmas tree lamp-flashing. This a cheap circuit and easy to build. R1_ 100K R2, R5_ 1K R3, R6_ 470R R4_ 12K C1_ 1000 F 25V D1-D4_....
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Built for Birkbeck, the microscope controller is a open source stepper motor driver. It uses an Arduino Uno, and arduino stepper motor shield to drive a Phytron ZSS32. 200 1. 2A 3V stepper motor. To move the sample port, we use an inverted Marzhauser....
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The XLR connector allows us to connect the microphone`s output to our preamplifier circuit. This preamplifier was designed and built by our Electrical Engineers using discrete components. The preamplifier`s signal is then fed to the Maxim Class-D amplifier.....
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There are several RS232 transceiver circuit used for commond communicated between microcontroller and other devices such as PCs or devices rs232. Here is a collection of RS232 transceiver circuits that use well-known for today. The circuit using MAX232,....
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1998 Ford Escort Blower Motor Wiring Diagram...
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The password electronic doorbell circuit is composed of the trigger circuit and music generating circuit, and it is shown in Figure 3-119. Trigger circuit is composed of the buttons S1-S9, four NAND gate Schmitt trigger integrated circuit IC1 and the....
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1W stereo headphone amplifier circuit, built based TDA2822, designed portable players, radios and other electronic devices which can use headphone as the output...
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This project can be used for many different purposes. Probably the most used application would be to interface to any electronic project that requires a keypad. There are several ready made keypads on the market, but those work with matrix connections and....
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Siren Circuit. This circuit is to generate sound siren when S1 is pressed and increate sound frequency because charged C1, S1 is released when the frequency decreated...
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After casually assembling information about the cracklebox, I finally decided to build one in the spring of 2007. In short, the cracklebox is a solid state op-amp chip that has its inputs and outputs wired in a clever circuit in such a way that facilitates....
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Here is a simple dancing light circuit based on NE555 (IC1) & CD4017 (IC2). The IC1 is wired as an astable multivibrator to provide the clock pulses for the CD4017. For each clock pulse receiving at the clock input (pin14) of IC CD4017, the outputs Q0 to Q9....
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Bass Treble Tone Control Circuit A preamplifier circuit providing independent Bass and Treble tone controls is shown in this circuit. The....
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The following circuit shows about Emergency Light With Battery Charger Circuit Diagram. Features:automatic switching-on of the light on mains ....
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A portion of the op amp`s output signal is rectified by the 1N4148 diodes, then filtered and fed to the gate of the FET input shunting circuit. As the output rises, more and more input shunting takes place. That is, more of the input signal is bypassed,....
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The recommended Prescaler is ridiculously simple. It consists of just one IC, a TV tuner prescaler, the Philips SAB6456A, which can divide by 64 or by 256. This chip is widely available both new and in the surplus market at much lower prices than....
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-
The LMD18200 is a 3A H-Bridge designed for motion control applications. The device is built using a multi-technology process which combines bipolar and CMOS control circuitry with DMOS power devices on the same monolithic structure. Ideal for driving DC and....
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It is a simple circuit of optical index of level of sound signals, adapted in various needs of user. It can be adapted in various levels of entry, regulated from trimmer TR1 (Level) - TR2 (Gain), then it is rectified by the D1-2 (cutting off of negative....
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The UBA is limited to discharging up to 2. 5A per channel. This discharge rate is adequate for testing 99% of the batteries on the market. It is not sufficient to properly test batteries that are rapidly discharged in normal use (for example, some medical....
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The word "demodulator" is becoming standard practice with commercial and military organizations. "Converters" are now often thought of with respect to units automatically changing Morse code to RTTY; changing 8-level to 5-level; changing 50 Baud to 45 Baud,....
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You can save on your electricity bills by switching to alternative sources of power. The photovoltaic module or solar panel described here is capable of delivering a power of 5 watts. At full sunlight, the solar panel outputs 16. 5V. It can deliver a current....
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The following circuit shows about Liquid Level Sensor Indicator Circuit Using LM1830 IC. Features:Manufactured by National Semiconductors, the ....
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This device has long battery life and low power strain. Another features that this device has are protecting the battery and LED from overloading, trouble free operation such as overtemperature, over voltage, time-out function, undervoltage lockout, and....
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Adding negative feedback to an amplifier, especially a vacuum tube amp is not as easy as it may seem. What is there to it Just connect a resistor from the secondary of the output transformer back to the cathode of the pre phase inverter tube. Right Not so....
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Any stepper motor can be used as a generator. In contrast to other generators, a stepper motor produces a large induced voltage even at low rotational speeds. The type used here, with a DC resistance of 2G—60 per winding, can generate more than 20 V when....
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This low-cost burglar alarm employs a 12V strobe light and a truck reversing horn as the visible and audible alarm outputs while the alarm itself is a 12V horn relay and some pressure mat switches. This simple approach has the benefit that the alarm....
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Readers who do not care to modify the power supply of an old PC into a suitable halogen power source (see our April 2006 issue), may find the present desi....
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The complete circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 1. Heart of the system is lC2, National`s MM5402 clock chip. It is an MOS monolithic large scale integrated circuit. It`s pin configuration is shown in Fig. 2. The supply is derived from the mains through a....
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This is where the fun begin - the sound is hmm. "organic". Everything seems to smooth a bit compare to LME49720, a very subjective word. "musical" Also I hear more dynamics. Listening is best at extra high gain. Upon switching from LME49720, I actually hear....
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Although this may be a basic question but I`m still struggling with it. In this schematic, two zener diodes D1 and D2 are connected back-to back across relay coil L1. The BVds = -30V for Q1. Can I use 15V(Vz = 15V) zeners for D1 and D2 instead of 5. 1 V....
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The following file is an application note describing the two stages of electronic ballast for a 250 W HID metal halide lamp. The components include....
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By combining switching and series-pass techniques, this high-voltage supply`s designer achieved 0.01% regulation at power levels to 100W....
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A very useful project of a crystal tester circuit or xtal tester circuit built with only few components the circuit form an oscillator that will only oscillate if the under test crystal is in good working condition and the oscillator output voltage will be....
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This document describes a basic circuit that can be used to power high impedance, high voltage, low current devices such as EL backlights and fluorescent tubes. This project got its genesis when I needed a simple, yet flexible inverter circuit for an EL....
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The basic two-transistor flasher shown below has found its way into dozens of applications due to its simplicity and versatility. Applications have included such diverse circuits as a micropower low battery indicator, a lightning detector, a off-line....
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This page is describes the construction of an RFID reader using only an Arduino (Nano 3. 0 was tested, but others may work), a hand-wound wire coil, and some assorted low cost common components. RFID readers are devices sold by companies such as Parallax to....
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A very simple single sideband (SSB) suppressed carrier demodulator (product detector) circuit can be designed using the LM1596 balanced modulator-demodulators IC. The carrier signal is applied to the carrier input port with sufficient amplitude for switching....
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This circuit uses just one IC and a very few number of external components. It displays the audio level in terms of 10 LEDs. The input voltage can vary from 12V to 20V, but suggested voltage is 12V. The LM3915 is a monolithic integrated circuit that senses....
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VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) is an electronic signal generator which produce a signal that has variable frequency depends on a voltage level at its....
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Here is a high sensitive touch plate circuit using NE555 which turns on a buzzer when anyone touches the metal plate or by hovering his hand over the plate. From the previously published touch control switch circuit, this circuit has an advantage of high....
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Being able to determine the polarity (cathode versus anode) and basic functionality of a diode is a very important skill for the electronics hobbyist or technician to have. Since we know that a diode is essentially nothing more than a one-way valve for....
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The Model LM-13 Crystal Calibrated Frequency Indicating Equipment has been specially designed to provide a simple, accurate and reliable frequency indicating equipment of the crystal calibrated type for use in the (U. S. ) Naval radio service. It is....
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This is design circuit for a low-cost voltage reference circuit. Its main component is a general-purpose operational amplifier, the 741, configured to output a buffered fixed reference voltage for use by other IC`s or circuits, such as an Analog-to-Digital....
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NBFM or Narrow Band Frequncy Modulation is used in this 27 MHz transmitter circuit schematic. This circuit is an application by Motorola MC2833 VHF transmitter with FM modulation and narrow band in a single chip. P1 is used to adjust microphone amplification....
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This RF antenna amplifier can be used for high frequency and VHF band ( for radio and TV) and will provide a 22 dB gain. This RF antenna amplifier electronic project has a very low noise, under 1. 6dB. L1 coil has a 6uH value, but can be used any coil for....
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The digital input board has 8 distinct digital inputs available on JP1. There are separate pull-down resistors (RN1, choose a value you like, e. g. 1MOhm) and then each input has a Schmitt-trigger. Since these may be destroyed by improper input voltages, I....
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When running 12V electronic devices from lead-acid battery banks, the voltage to the appliance can vary from below 11V with discharged batteries, to well above 14V during charging. Many appliances will not tolerate such a wide fluctuation and may perform....
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The PWM controlled modified sine wave inverter circuit presented here uses just a single 4093 for the specified functions. The IC consists of four NAND gates, out of which two are wired up as oscillators while the remaining two as buffers. The oscillators....
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Publishing this one in a hurry, in case it is useful to our friends in Japan. This is a simple Geiger counter circuit. It does require some speciali....
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The lithium battery charger introuduced in the example can charge 6V-plated ion battery in constant-current way and change into constant-voltage chagre mode when the battery reaches 4·1V. Work Principle of the Circuit This lithium battery charger circuit is....
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When configured as an input there is a more subtle problem. If the input has its pullup enabled it could affect the circuitry that is expecting to see an A/D input. But if the pullupis not enabled, then when its A/D input is not selected it will be a digital....
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This instructable will show you how to make an audio modulated plasma speaker using a flyback transformer out of an old CRT display, and the all time....
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Today, most telephone equipment use a DTMF receiver IC. One common DTMF receiver IC is the Motorola MT8870 that is widely used in electronic communications circuits. The MT8870 is an 18-pin IC. It is used in telephones and a variety of other applications.....
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All optical transmitters will contain circuitry to limit the current to a value that will be safe enough to protect the LED during short-term accidents. Red, Red-Orange, and Amber Luxeon I LEDs have a much lower peak current rating - about 550 mA. At this....
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Circuit diagram is very simple and works as follows: N1 Schmitt trigger works as an oscillator and produce a frequency of about 1 kHz. If in the tank is still enough water, then alternative voltage go from electrode A to electrode C. After rectified of....
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I designed the ZX97 as a discrete copy of the ZX81, which was the first PC for millions of people. In the process ZX97 turned into much more than a mere copy. While it is backward compatible with the ZX81, it is in all other respects a significant....
-
This is the circuit diagram of Line Follower / Line Tracker robot. The circuit taken from the tutorial documentation. You may download the full tutorial at the end of this article. The line follower robot use 8 pieces of proximity sensor module. The sensor....
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Used in multiplier that acts with one of operational amplifiers of analog computer. Double-triode V1 here provides pulse-amplitude modulation, for use with separate pulse-width modulator to form desired product of two input variables.-A. J. Ferraro,....
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This circuit, which was developed to monitor the traffic of bumblebees in and out of the hive, differentiates a-to-b motion from b-to-b motion. When used with an optical decoder, the circuit distinguishes clockwise from counterclockwise rotation and provides....
-
The LM78XX series typically has the ability to drive current up to 1A. For application requirements up to 150mA, 78LXX can be used. As mentioned above, the component has three legs: Input leg which can hold up to 36VDC Common leg (GND) and an output leg with....
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RayDialer TX1 Channel Settings = Note: Switch pulls low, if ON. DIGIT 4 3 2 1 frequencies [Hz] 1 ON ON ON OFF 697 + 1209 2 ON ON OFF ON 697 + 1336 3 ON ON OFF OFF 697 + 1477 4 ON OFF ON ON 770 + 1209 5 ON OFF ON OFF 770 + 1336 6 ON OFF OFF ON 770 + 1477 7 ON....
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This humidity detector circuit diagram is very simple and uses few components and can be used for activation of an electronic devices when the detector senses a certain humidity. The sensor is constructed from two pieces of copper placed at a short distance....
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This circuit produces clean logic pulses while drawing very low current. This circuit is designed to produce short 2mS pulses at a rate of one per second while drawing only 1 micro amplifier from a 9 volt battery...
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A popular project among microcontroller aficionados is to build a radio-controlled clock. Tiny receiver boards are available, with a pre-adjusted ferrite....
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Introduction Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air, expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount that the air could hold at the given temperature....
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The above cycle is therefore repeated only when S7 at the Q1 output is pressed in time. When all keys have been pressed in time and in the correct order, Q7 goes 5 high for about 4 seconds to enable driving the unlock circuitry, e. g. a relay driver for an j....
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For circuits using TTL ICs the supply voltage is a great concern and a slight increase in supply from the rated 5V may damage the IC. Using fuses alone does not solve the problem because a fuse may take several milliseconds to blow off and that`s enough time....
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The siren circuit is what importance in various alarm. For example : the emergency alert, burglar alarm circuits, Fire alarm circuits, Timer, sensor controls, etc. If we have not these circuit, We will not able to recognize the functionality of the circuit,....
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When you want to enlarge sound signal from all source before costume amplify. Usual use Pre Amplifier or Pre Amp. Today I begs for to suggest again the one circuit. That interesting because of use Transistor just one ( the number replaces many the number....
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If you send a DC voltage signal to carry the information for a long distance, then the signal will suffer attenuation with unpredictable characteristic introduced by the medium, for example the cable resistance that vary with temperature changes. If you....
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Making your own circuit boards can be a daunting challenge. You have to design a schematic, test it on a breadboard, design the board layout, and then after all of that, you still have to print and etch a board! Luckily, we have Fritzing. Fritzing is a free....
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Knowing the three operational modes the 555 timer offers, it`s not hard to imagine its many applications in IC circuit designs: Oscillator: The 555 timer can be used as a simple clock pulse generator (up to 1 or 2 MHz) A monostable timer is a one-stable....
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The LED meter circuit is simpler and smaller than its analogue counterpart, and is very common in audio equipment. This circuit is based on LM3915 IC and uses the logarithmic version. This circuit is using a single IC and a few discrete components. The extra....
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Automatic Gain Control or AGC is a circuit design which maintain the same level of amplification for sound or radio frequency. If the signal is too low the....
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Circuit To squeeze even more energy from a alkaline battery cell, this circuit adds two transistors to a circuit similar to the above design to boost the efficiency. A small 1. 5 volt alkaline N cell should flash the LED for a full year. It too uses a....
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The circuit is built around a 555 oscillator (IC1) and an LM386 audio amplifier (IC2). The 555 circuit is an astable oscillator, with the chip output retriggering the circuit. When the key (S1) is pressed, it activates the circuit. The 555 oscillates at a....
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BC547 transistor. Max operating current is 100 mA while max voltage is 65 volts. With the transistorlabelfacing the reader, the three legs from left to right are collector, base and emitter. Note: I destroyed one BC547 transistor while setting this up. I....
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This add-on circuit enables remote switching on/off of battery-operated toy cars with the help of a TV/video remote control handset operating at 3040 kHz....
A very simple audio compressor built with SSM2165 IC. There is no much explication about this compressor circuit schematic, just pay attention at capacitor....
This is a 220V LED flasher circuit which is intended as a reliable replacement to thermally-activated switches used for Christmas tree lamp-flashing. This a cheap circuit and easy to build. R1_ 100K R2, R5_ 1K R3, R6_ 470R R4_ 12K C1_ 1000 F 25V D1-D4_....
Built for Birkbeck, the microscope controller is a open source stepper motor driver. It uses an Arduino Uno, and arduino stepper motor shield to drive a Phytron ZSS32. 200 1. 2A 3V stepper motor. To move the sample port, we use an inverted Marzhauser....
The XLR connector allows us to connect the microphone`s output to our preamplifier circuit. This preamplifier was designed and built by our Electrical Engineers using discrete components. The preamplifier`s signal is then fed to the Maxim Class-D amplifier.....
There are several RS232 transceiver circuit used for commond communicated between microcontroller and other devices such as PCs or devices rs232. Here is a collection of RS232 transceiver circuits that use well-known for today. The circuit using MAX232,....
The password electronic doorbell circuit is composed of the trigger circuit and music generating circuit, and it is shown in Figure 3-119. Trigger circuit is composed of the buttons S1-S9, four NAND gate Schmitt trigger integrated circuit IC1 and the....
1W stereo headphone amplifier circuit, built based TDA2822, designed portable players, radios and other electronic devices which can use headphone as the output...
This project can be used for many different purposes. Probably the most used application would be to interface to any electronic project that requires a keypad. There are several ready made keypads on the market, but those work with matrix connections and....
Siren Circuit. This circuit is to generate sound siren when S1 is pressed and increate sound frequency because charged C1, S1 is released when the frequency decreated...
After casually assembling information about the cracklebox, I finally decided to build one in the spring of 2007. In short, the cracklebox is a solid state op-amp chip that has its inputs and outputs wired in a clever circuit in such a way that facilitates....
Here is a simple dancing light circuit based on NE555 (IC1) & CD4017 (IC2). The IC1 is wired as an astable multivibrator to provide the clock pulses for the CD4017. For each clock pulse receiving at the clock input (pin14) of IC CD4017, the outputs Q0 to Q9....
Bass Treble Tone Control Circuit A preamplifier circuit providing independent Bass and Treble tone controls is shown in this circuit. The....
The following circuit shows about Emergency Light With Battery Charger Circuit Diagram. Features:automatic switching-on of the light on mains ....
A portion of the op amp`s output signal is rectified by the 1N4148 diodes, then filtered and fed to the gate of the FET input shunting circuit. As the output rises, more and more input shunting takes place. That is, more of the input signal is bypassed,....
The recommended Prescaler is ridiculously simple. It consists of just one IC, a TV tuner prescaler, the Philips SAB6456A, which can divide by 64 or by 256. This chip is widely available both new and in the surplus market at much lower prices than....
The LMD18200 is a 3A H-Bridge designed for motion control applications. The device is built using a multi-technology process which combines bipolar and CMOS control circuitry with DMOS power devices on the same monolithic structure. Ideal for driving DC and....
It is a simple circuit of optical index of level of sound signals, adapted in various needs of user. It can be adapted in various levels of entry, regulated from trimmer TR1 (Level) - TR2 (Gain), then it is rectified by the D1-2 (cutting off of negative....
The UBA is limited to discharging up to 2. 5A per channel. This discharge rate is adequate for testing 99% of the batteries on the market. It is not sufficient to properly test batteries that are rapidly discharged in normal use (for example, some medical....
The word "demodulator" is becoming standard practice with commercial and military organizations. "Converters" are now often thought of with respect to units automatically changing Morse code to RTTY; changing 8-level to 5-level; changing 50 Baud to 45 Baud,....
You can save on your electricity bills by switching to alternative sources of power. The photovoltaic module or solar panel described here is capable of delivering a power of 5 watts. At full sunlight, the solar panel outputs 16. 5V. It can deliver a current....
The following circuit shows about Liquid Level Sensor Indicator Circuit Using LM1830 IC. Features:Manufactured by National Semiconductors, the ....
This device has long battery life and low power strain. Another features that this device has are protecting the battery and LED from overloading, trouble free operation such as overtemperature, over voltage, time-out function, undervoltage lockout, and....
Adding negative feedback to an amplifier, especially a vacuum tube amp is not as easy as it may seem. What is there to it Just connect a resistor from the secondary of the output transformer back to the cathode of the pre phase inverter tube. Right Not so....
Any stepper motor can be used as a generator. In contrast to other generators, a stepper motor produces a large induced voltage even at low rotational speeds. The type used here, with a DC resistance of 2G—60 per winding, can generate more than 20 V when....
This low-cost burglar alarm employs a 12V strobe light and a truck reversing horn as the visible and audible alarm outputs while the alarm itself is a 12V horn relay and some pressure mat switches. This simple approach has the benefit that the alarm....
Readers who do not care to modify the power supply of an old PC into a suitable halogen power source (see our April 2006 issue), may find the present desi....
The complete circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 1. Heart of the system is lC2, National`s MM5402 clock chip. It is an MOS monolithic large scale integrated circuit. It`s pin configuration is shown in Fig. 2. The supply is derived from the mains through a....
This is where the fun begin - the sound is hmm. "organic". Everything seems to smooth a bit compare to LME49720, a very subjective word. "musical" Also I hear more dynamics. Listening is best at extra high gain. Upon switching from LME49720, I actually hear....
Although this may be a basic question but I`m still struggling with it. In this schematic, two zener diodes D1 and D2 are connected back-to back across relay coil L1. The BVds = -30V for Q1. Can I use 15V(Vz = 15V) zeners for D1 and D2 instead of 5. 1 V....
The following file is an application note describing the two stages of electronic ballast for a 250 W HID metal halide lamp. The components include....
By combining switching and series-pass techniques, this high-voltage supply`s designer achieved 0.01% regulation at power levels to 100W....
A very useful project of a crystal tester circuit or xtal tester circuit built with only few components the circuit form an oscillator that will only oscillate if the under test crystal is in good working condition and the oscillator output voltage will be....
This document describes a basic circuit that can be used to power high impedance, high voltage, low current devices such as EL backlights and fluorescent tubes. This project got its genesis when I needed a simple, yet flexible inverter circuit for an EL....
The basic two-transistor flasher shown below has found its way into dozens of applications due to its simplicity and versatility. Applications have included such diverse circuits as a micropower low battery indicator, a lightning detector, a off-line....
This page is describes the construction of an RFID reader using only an Arduino (Nano 3. 0 was tested, but others may work), a hand-wound wire coil, and some assorted low cost common components. RFID readers are devices sold by companies such as Parallax to....
A very simple single sideband (SSB) suppressed carrier demodulator (product detector) circuit can be designed using the LM1596 balanced modulator-demodulators IC. The carrier signal is applied to the carrier input port with sufficient amplitude for switching.....gif "Audio Level Meter (VU Meter)")
This circuit uses just one IC and a very few number of external components. It displays the audio level in terms of 10 LEDs. The input voltage can vary from 12V to 20V, but suggested voltage is 12V. The LM3915 is a monolithic integrated circuit that senses....
VCO (voltage controlled oscillator) is an electronic signal generator which produce a signal that has variable frequency depends on a voltage level at its....
Here is a high sensitive touch plate circuit using NE555 which turns on a buzzer when anyone touches the metal plate or by hovering his hand over the plate. From the previously published touch control switch circuit, this circuit has an advantage of high....
Being able to determine the polarity (cathode versus anode) and basic functionality of a diode is a very important skill for the electronics hobbyist or technician to have. Since we know that a diode is essentially nothing more than a one-way valve for....
The Model LM-13 Crystal Calibrated Frequency Indicating Equipment has been specially designed to provide a simple, accurate and reliable frequency indicating equipment of the crystal calibrated type for use in the (U. S. ) Naval radio service. It is....
This is design circuit for a low-cost voltage reference circuit. Its main component is a general-purpose operational amplifier, the 741, configured to output a buffered fixed reference voltage for use by other IC`s or circuits, such as an Analog-to-Digital....
NBFM or Narrow Band Frequncy Modulation is used in this 27 MHz transmitter circuit schematic. This circuit is an application by Motorola MC2833 VHF transmitter with FM modulation and narrow band in a single chip. P1 is used to adjust microphone amplification....
This RF antenna amplifier can be used for high frequency and VHF band ( for radio and TV) and will provide a 22 dB gain. This RF antenna amplifier electronic project has a very low noise, under 1. 6dB. L1 coil has a 6uH value, but can be used any coil for....
The digital input board has 8 distinct digital inputs available on JP1. There are separate pull-down resistors (RN1, choose a value you like, e. g. 1MOhm) and then each input has a Schmitt-trigger. Since these may be destroyed by improper input voltages, I....
When running 12V electronic devices from lead-acid battery banks, the voltage to the appliance can vary from below 11V with discharged batteries, to well above 14V during charging. Many appliances will not tolerate such a wide fluctuation and may perform....
The PWM controlled modified sine wave inverter circuit presented here uses just a single 4093 for the specified functions. The IC consists of four NAND gates, out of which two are wired up as oscillators while the remaining two as buffers. The oscillators....
Publishing this one in a hurry, in case it is useful to our friends in Japan. This is a simple Geiger counter circuit. It does require some speciali....
The lithium battery charger introuduced in the example can charge 6V-plated ion battery in constant-current way and change into constant-voltage chagre mode when the battery reaches 4·1V. Work Principle of the Circuit This lithium battery charger circuit is....
When configured as an input there is a more subtle problem. If the input has its pullup enabled it could affect the circuitry that is expecting to see an A/D input. But if the pullupis not enabled, then when its A/D input is not selected it will be a digital....
This instructable will show you how to make an audio modulated plasma speaker using a flyback transformer out of an old CRT display, and the all time....
Today, most telephone equipment use a DTMF receiver IC. One common DTMF receiver IC is the Motorola MT8870 that is widely used in electronic communications circuits. The MT8870 is an 18-pin IC. It is used in telephones and a variety of other applications.....
All optical transmitters will contain circuitry to limit the current to a value that will be safe enough to protect the LED during short-term accidents. Red, Red-Orange, and Amber Luxeon I LEDs have a much lower peak current rating - about 550 mA. At this....
Circuit diagram is very simple and works as follows: N1 Schmitt trigger works as an oscillator and produce a frequency of about 1 kHz. If in the tank is still enough water, then alternative voltage go from electrode A to electrode C. After rectified of....
I designed the ZX97 as a discrete copy of the ZX81, which was the first PC for millions of people. In the process ZX97 turned into much more than a mere copy. While it is backward compatible with the ZX81, it is in all other respects a significant....
This is the circuit diagram of Line Follower / Line Tracker robot. The circuit taken from the tutorial documentation. You may download the full tutorial at the end of this article. The line follower robot use 8 pieces of proximity sensor module. The sensor....
Used in multiplier that acts with one of operational amplifiers of analog computer. Double-triode V1 here provides pulse-amplitude modulation, for use with separate pulse-width modulator to form desired product of two input variables.-A. J. Ferraro,....
This circuit, which was developed to monitor the traffic of bumblebees in and out of the hive, differentiates a-to-b motion from b-to-b motion. When used with an optical decoder, the circuit distinguishes clockwise from counterclockwise rotation and provides....
The LM78XX series typically has the ability to drive current up to 1A. For application requirements up to 150mA, 78LXX can be used. As mentioned above, the component has three legs: Input leg which can hold up to 36VDC Common leg (GND) and an output leg with....
RayDialer TX1 Channel Settings = Note: Switch pulls low, if ON. DIGIT 4 3 2 1 frequencies [Hz] 1 ON ON ON OFF 697 + 1209 2 ON ON OFF ON 697 + 1336 3 ON ON OFF OFF 697 + 1477 4 ON OFF ON ON 770 + 1209 5 ON OFF ON OFF 770 + 1336 6 ON OFF OFF ON 770 + 1477 7 ON....
This humidity detector circuit diagram is very simple and uses few components and can be used for activation of an electronic devices when the detector senses a certain humidity. The sensor is constructed from two pieces of copper placed at a short distance....
This circuit produces clean logic pulses while drawing very low current. This circuit is designed to produce short 2mS pulses at a rate of one per second while drawing only 1 micro amplifier from a 9 volt battery...
A popular project among microcontroller aficionados is to build a radio-controlled clock. Tiny receiver boards are available, with a pre-adjusted ferrite....
Introduction Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air, expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount that the air could hold at the given temperature....
The above cycle is therefore repeated only when S7 at the Q1 output is pressed in time. When all keys have been pressed in time and in the correct order, Q7 goes 5 high for about 4 seconds to enable driving the unlock circuitry, e. g. a relay driver for an j....
For circuits using TTL ICs the supply voltage is a great concern and a slight increase in supply from the rated 5V may damage the IC. Using fuses alone does not solve the problem because a fuse may take several milliseconds to blow off and that`s enough time....
The siren circuit is what importance in various alarm. For example : the emergency alert, burglar alarm circuits, Fire alarm circuits, Timer, sensor controls, etc. If we have not these circuit, We will not able to recognize the functionality of the circuit,....
When you want to enlarge sound signal from all source before costume amplify. Usual use Pre Amplifier or Pre Amp. Today I begs for to suggest again the one circuit. That interesting because of use Transistor just one ( the number replaces many the number....
If you send a DC voltage signal to carry the information for a long distance, then the signal will suffer attenuation with unpredictable characteristic introduced by the medium, for example the cable resistance that vary with temperature changes. If you....
Making your own circuit boards can be a daunting challenge. You have to design a schematic, test it on a breadboard, design the board layout, and then after all of that, you still have to print and etch a board! Luckily, we have Fritzing. Fritzing is a free....
Knowing the three operational modes the 555 timer offers, it`s not hard to imagine its many applications in IC circuit designs: Oscillator: The 555 timer can be used as a simple clock pulse generator (up to 1 or 2 MHz) A monostable timer is a one-stable....
Automatic Gain Control or AGC is a circuit design which maintain the same level of amplification for sound or radio frequency. If the signal is too low the....
Circuit To squeeze even more energy from a alkaline battery cell, this circuit adds two transistors to a circuit similar to the above design to boost the efficiency. A small 1. 5 volt alkaline N cell should flash the LED for a full year. It too uses a....
The circuit is built around a 555 oscillator (IC1) and an LM386 audio amplifier (IC2). The 555 circuit is an astable oscillator, with the chip output retriggering the circuit. When the key (S1) is pressed, it activates the circuit. The 555 oscillates at a....
BC547 transistor. Max operating current is 100 mA while max voltage is 65 volts. With the transistorlabelfacing the reader, the three legs from left to right are collector, base and emitter. Note: I destroyed one BC547 transistor while setting this up. I....
This add-on circuit enables remote switching on/off of battery-operated toy cars with the help of a TV/video remote control handset operating at 3040 kHz....
