New Circuits Page 176
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This project describes how to build a simple programmer for the Atmel ATmega8 single-chip microcontrollers. This should be considered a "hobby grade" programmer as it does not use a variable Vcc and uses the "Serial Programming Algorithm. " The ATmega8 can....
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This familiar circuit can be implemented with any rail-to-rail-output comparator or the venerable LMC555. The output period is given by 2log(2)RC = 1. 386RC, and the stability is better than ±100 ppm/ °C against temperature and ±100 ppm/V against....
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Current sensing is as it says - sensing the amount of current in use by a particular circuit or device. If you want to know the amount of power being used for any robot component, current sensing is the way to go. Current sensing is not a typical application....
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Consumer appliances these days hardly ever have a proper mains switch. Instead, appliances are turned on and off at the touch of a button on the remote control, just like any other function. This circuit shows how a device (as long as it does not draw too....
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Gates U1-a and U1-b of the 4093 quad 2-tnput NAND Schmitt trigger are connected in variable, low-frequency, square-wave oscillator circuits. The output of gate U1-a is connected to one of the inputs of gate U1-b. The square-wave output of gate U1-a modulates....
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The 7555 timer IC used is a low power version of the standard 555 timer. A ‘superbright red LED is used because this provides a bright flash with a low current. Th....
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With the values shown, this circuit has a ±0. 025 °C accuracy over 0 ° to 100 °C. The input offset voltage of the LT-1001, and its drift with temperature, are permanently trimmed at wafer test to a low level. However, if further adjustment of VOS is....
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Following the 4th Apple iPad charger failing and not wanting to spent even more money with Apple to replace them we decided to try to make 12v powered chargers to make use of the excess PV power we now have during the daytime to charge the iPads and other....
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Hi, this is my first post here. For the past few days I`ve been building a tape delay unit. Mechanically, it works well, but I still need to design a circuit to link all the parts together. This is, however, beyond my current level of ability, and I was....
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A solar panel is, as the name says, a panel which collects solar energy and converts it to electricity. At least that`s my simple view of it. A solar panel consists of a background on which solar cells are "stuck". These cells are interconnected and....
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Boost circuits are an awesome way to power microcontrollers. Instead of 4AA batteries or a 9V (usually regulated down to 5V or 3. 3V), you just boost one or two AA`s up to your desired voltage. The only problems are that boost ICs (like these two ) are a....
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A "power button" that is actually two buttons; one on, one off. This needs to switch on the order of 15 V and up to 10 A, for a LiFePO4 battery powered device. I don`t want to use a hardwired switch where this is mechanical, because I later also want soft....
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The Arduino site has thorough documentation on how to connect LEDS to the Arduino via the Max7221. For this, you will need this subset of ingredients....
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Measures a-c voltages between 95 and 135 v with 0. 6% accuracy while using ordinary 2% accuracy meter. Zener diodes provide reference voltage. -D. S. Belanger, Simple Circuit Increases Measurement Accuracy, Electronics, 38:22, p 69. ..
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Build your very own burning laser. Unlike other popular ways of building your own burning laser I will show you how to do it properly to ensure a long and healthy life for your new laser. There are several reasons for building a burning laser this way....
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A 2N366 is configured as an audio feedback oscillator using an audio transformer is shown. Adjust R1 for proper operation and desired audio note....
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By testing many different circuits, I ended up with the simplest ( in terms of parts count and straight signal flow) design, similar to those " Heathkits", with one tone control and FET buffer. From modern features - only True By-Pass switching, DC jack and....
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This particular timing circuit can be used to time one-shot events from a few seconds to a few hours. And in standby mode (ie, with RLY1 and LED1 off), its power consumption is very low. The heart of this circuit is a low-cost CMOS 4011 quad NAND gate, with....
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So this is a bit of a continuation on my 555 timer based PWM controllers, but now using microcontrollers and MOSFETs instead of 555 ICs and transistors. I made 2 versions, one with switches for speeding up and down and the other with a potentiometer like the....
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After answering all those questions, to yourself, and geting the answers and/or decisions on that, some serious studying of the PIC datasheet is the next step ion order to know what the steps for each configuration and other details. Not quite. It is bit 3....
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Here is a simple but effective battery charger circuit using IC LM 317. The circuit can be used to charge 12Vlead acid batteries. The circuit is very simple and can be easily assembled on a general purpose PCB. The heart of the circuit is IC LM 317, which is....
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Build your own Accurate LC Meter (Capacitance Inductance Meter) and start making your own coils and inductors. This LC Meter allows to measure incredibly small inductances making it perfect tool for making all types of RF coils and inductors. LC Meter can....
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The common characteristic of all of the previous low power FM transmitters I`ve built over the decades, is that their operating frequency is determined by an LC resonant circuit. ..
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I get a lot of questions about wiring motorcycles. Sometimes people are just trying to fix their blinkers and aren`t familiar with how motorcycle electrics work but more often than not I get requests about trimming down electronics for custom riders. An....
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The RA17C18 is modified version of the RA17C12, having a delay compensated IF amplifier and an additional IF output. It is a North American version of the RA17, ie. , it uses all BNC and SO239 connectors, all fasteners have unified threads, and the harmonic....
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One still designing that it uses in the exit transistor of technology V-mosfet. This transistors to us offer a lot of virtues concerning the simple bipolar transistors, as high speeds, thermic stability, low distortion etc....
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This is another design generated at the request of my father. It is designed to be a dimmer for a 12V reading lamp, but could also be used as a motor speed controller (for a drill). The circuit pulse the voltage seen by the load an the pulse width is....
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Perhaps the most challenging aspect of interpreting ladder diagrams, for people more familiar with electronic schematic diagrams, is how electromechanical relays are represented. Compare these two equivalent diagrams: Also, explain the operation of this....
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Figure 1 represents a cheap and simple Gate Alarm, that is intended to run off a small universal AC-DC power supply. IC1a is a fast oscillator, and IC1b a slow oscillator, which are combined through IC1c to emit a high pip-pip-pip warning sound when a gate....
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This rf detector can locate low-power transmitters (bugs) that are hidden from sight. It can sense the presence of a 1-mW transmitter at 20 feet, which is sensitive enough to detect the tiniest bug. As you bring the rf detector closer to the bug, more and....
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Driving the highway with your high-beam headlights can really increase your visibility, but can he a blinding hazard for other drivers. This simple circuit can be wired into your headlight switch to provide automatic switching between high and low beam....
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An advanced radionics schematic to increase the power output of your tuning circuit....
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A long time ago when telephones were so simple almost nothing could go amiss from an electrical point of view, Telecom operators installed surge protection on all telephone lines exposed to storm risks. Paradoxically, now that we are hooking up delicate and....
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The LinkSwitch-TN supply LNK306PN shown in Figure 1 provides a constant current output of up to 9 W at a maximum output voltage of 70 VDC, ideal for driving LEDs A passive valley- ll power factor correction (PFC) circuit gives the supply a power factor....
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This circuit adds a datasheet-compliant trigger signal, reversed polarity protection, optional test button, and optional battery operation. U1 L601E3 or MAC97A8 triac. 400 V, 1 A. When U1 is enabled, the + and - wires of the flash are electrically connected,....
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overhead detector (fire alarm) circuit is a precision integrated temperature sensor type LM35 (IC1), which provides an accurately linear and ....
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This electret microphone amplifier is designed using common electronic components. This microphone amplifier uses an electret microphone capsule, but can be an dynamic microphone, which have a low resistance. This circuit requires a supply voltage between 5....
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The DS2422 temperature/data logger combines the core functions of a fully featured data logger in a single chip. It includes a Temperature Sensor Real-Time Clock (RTC), memory, 1-Wire Interface and serial Interface for an Analog-to-digital converter (ADC),....
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The 10A H-Bridge Motor Controller circuit looks simple but there are some key points that you don`t want to miss. The main devices used in the circuit are the TIP147, TIP142 and 2n2222. The power circuit is the +12v coming in from the terminal block....
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This section contains details for providing a composite video output signal from the camera to drive an external monitor. The circuit described below, designed by Peter Smith, is a combined DC-restorer, switchable gamma corrector and video/sync mixer using a....
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This is a simple design for wideband output amplifier. The wideband amplifier is suitable for use as a 50 © transmission line driver. This circuit is built by CA3140. This is the figure of the circuit. This circuit, when used in conjunction with the function....
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In ladder logic symbolism, an electromechanical relay coil is shown as a circle, and the contact(s) actuated by the coil as two parallel lines, almost like a capacitor symbol. Given this knowledge, interpret the following ladder logic diagram: How do we know....
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This dc voltage doubler circuit produces a voltage that is twice its voltage supply. This is useful when a higher voltage level is needed out of a single lower voltage power supply. Since the current consumption levels are low in such cases, the circuit can....
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Do not try this circuit unless you have good knowledge about electronic devices. This circuit is connected to main power source (220V) and can give you a high electrical shock ..
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This device was designed to replace the original digital clock in a Fiat Ducato 1992-1994, mounted just above the inside rearview mirror. The original clock is not very accurate, only displays time and is sensitive to interference (e. g. from Xenon....
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This circuit was designed to protect a dual rail power supply from shorts across the two rails. It uses an optocoupler to monitor each supply rail, with the internal LEDs powered from ZD2 and ZD3 and the associated resistors. While the LEDs are on, the....
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2 x 18W Hi-Fi Stereo Power Amplifier based around two TDA2030 ICs. It has good input sensitivity, low distortion, good operating stability and full protection against overloads and output short-circuits. It can be used as a booster amplifier for existing....
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This circuit is based on mobile phone chargers. These chargers are based on the Motorola MC34063 switchmode IC. By changing the values of the feedback resistors (R1 & R2), the output voltage can be varied over a wide range. Just modify R1 and R2 according to....
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This circuit was designed as an aid to installers and maintainers of video systems. It is basically a video sync separator (IC1) followed by a LED and buzzer driver (IC2, Q1 & Q2). In use, the device is connected to a video cable and if there is video....
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Say you have a Vsource Resistor and Inductor all nicely in a loop. You let the voltage source run until everything reaches a happy steady state. The Inductor should have energy (1/2)L*(V2/R2). Now. what happens if I cut the wire Where does the energy go..
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FM Transmitter is very simple, compact, and has transmission signal with a range of 100-150m, good sensitivity and low current consumption. Transmitter`s schematic consists of a bass amplifier for the first transistor and the proper frequency generator in....
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The following circuit shows about LM2940CT Sensor Connection Circuit Diagram. Features: Internal Power Dissipation, Storage Temperature Range ....
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Simple homemade oscilloscopes are not all that difficult to design and build. I have studied various designs dating back to the thirties and had an interest in developing a simple oscilloscope that the electronics hobbyist could build with readily available....
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A device to locate the mobile phone. It emits intermittent flashes and beeps to indicate the presence of an active mobile phone. The circuit becomes active even if the mobile phone is in silent mode. It can be used to detect mobile phone call in noisy....
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build an interface board to connect some scientific equipment (for me, a pair of photovoltaic tubes) to a personal computer to acquire measurements results. Signal properties were following: two channels with a common ground, 1 second of acquisition time,....
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AutoZone Repair Guide for your Driveability And Emission Controls Emission Controls Evaporative Emission Controls....
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This is a bit of an unusual one because I`m not even sure what it is. It`s based on a schematic done by Analogguru and is obviously a Cornish buffer in front of a booster, so what I am assuming is that the Guild Brian May is the treble booster, and the whole....
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I wanted to add a security/sensor light near the main doorway that would run of 12 volts. You can buy 12 volt PIR sensors, but these are very expensive at over $50 each and designed for security systems. However you can pick up a 240v sensor light for less....
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Broadcast band frequency modulation (FM) radio was invented to solve existing problems with noise and fidelity on the amplitude modulation (AM) broadcast band. Thus, the first FM receivers were quite complex in design, employing a superheterodyne converter,....
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The SLA7062/67 chip is a unipolar driver and can provide up to 3amps. The chip is hard to find and will cost about $10. each. Using Google, I found the three that I needed for my prototypes. Newark (Farnell) sells them but has no stock. The pcb`s can be....
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Automotive electronic code lock circuit is shown as above. ICl is exclusive lock for the integrated circuit 5G058, its ? ~ ? feet connect external key switch to the power supply. They are six valid input keys. The unlock must follow the sequence of Sl ~ S6;....
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This alarm can be very useful in a room or an area that should normally have no movement at all in it. In a totally still room with no movement, no vibration will be detected and the alarm will not go off. Once the circuit detects a vibration, which could....
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This circuit is easy to build and uses standard components available at any Radio Shack store. It accepts the audio tone output of a code practice oscillator or short wave receiver and converts those tones into the DC voltage necessary to operate an old-time....
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edit - There are information not included in this main post. Read through the thread for more information on timer calibration and other useful information by cpfers. - PEU pointed out the TX to be connected to serial port pin 2 instead of 3. This now....
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Hello, I want to build a system that can transmit in the FM band. I have already built my oscillators because I want to transmit at more than one....
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The programmable power supply is the association of one of the integrated test system of guided missile, are used for offering and testing various required direct-flow stabilized voltage supply of guided missile, in addition have functions such as....
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This looks like an IR transmitter. IR will not penetrate walls and I assume you mean to use this in a room separate from the room you will be in, so it won`t work...
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The A3008, when plugged into the same LWDAQ Multiplexer, can create bad messages in a Data Receiver ( A3018 ). Set the A3008 local oscillator to its minimum (DAC count 0) or maximum (DAC count 255) frequency to reduce the bad message rate. Even better:....
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Five-stage amplifier Q1-5 amplifies both control signals, 38. 285 kc and 41. 805 kc, while Q6 and Q7 operate as class B detector-amplifiers to eliminate need for separate diode detectors. Desired control frequency energizes only one coil of double-fulcrum....
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The circuit generates this type of Geo-magnetic-fields and lets us perceive them: in this manner our brain is surrounded by an ideal environment for a sound sleep. With SW2 opened (Alternate mode operation) the device operates for the pre-set time, then....
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This circuit indicates which of three voltages in the range from about about -4V to about +4V - at A, B and C - is the highest by lighting one of three indicator LEDs. Alternatively, it can be wired to indicate the lowest of three voltages or to indicate....
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Thermostat LM56 Project Circuit Diagram LM56 Thermostat Project Circuit Diagram values of R1, R2 and R3 for the required trip points VT1 and VT2 can be determined using the subsequent equations. VT1 = 1.250V x (R1)/ (R1 + R2 + R3) VT2 = 1.2....
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This design allows to operate two intercom stations leaving the operator free of using his/her hands in some other occupation, thus avoiding the usual "push-to-talk" operation mode. No complex changeover switching is required: the two units are connected....
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This is a low-cost and simple intercom circuit design. Some intercom circuits is build by applying integrated circuits. The circuit described right here utilizes 3 certainly transistors which easy to find on the electronic store. Even a new....
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I like to see lights move to music. This project will indicate the volume level of the audio going to your speakers by lighting up LEDS. The LEDS can be any color so mix them up and really make it look good. The input of the circuit is connected to the....
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In the figure, the TL494 is used as the core to form the PWM driver and protection circuit, and the changing frequency is 50kHz. 115V output voltage is sent to P8 after stepping-down and isolating, then it is sent to TL494 error amplifier A1 after getting....
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The diagram shows the circuit of a versatile USB power socket that safely converts the 12V battery voltage into stable 5V. This circuit makes it possible t....
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Here, S1 and S2 are normally open, push to close, press button switches. The diodes can be red or green and are there only to indicate direction. You may need to alter the TIP31 transistors depending on the motor being used. Remember, running under load....
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This chapter provides a variety of circuits of both line powered and inverter types for the basic power supply, some with regulators, modulation inputs, and other goodies. Several have been reverse engineered from actual working commercial products. Some of....
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Quiz-type game shows are increasingly becoming popular on television these days. In such games, fastest finger first indicators (FFFIs) are used to test the player`s reaction time. The player`s designated number is displayed with an audio alarm when the....
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Can be directly connected to CD players, tuners and tape recorders. Simply add a 10K Log potentiometer (dual gang for stereo) and a switch to cope with the various sources you need. A correct grounding is very important to eliminate hum and ground loops.....
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About this Circuit This is a good Circuit for those persons needing to Boost or drop a voltage. The Output is High Frequency, but can be Rectified and Filtered to give DC Out. When Rectifying High Frequencies, You MUST use the Appropriate types of HIGH SPEED....
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Sure, listening to VHF FM has great advantages over MW/LW AM from the old days ” now we have bright stereo free from interference, fading and noise! However, your FM radio will no longer predict the arrival of a thunderstorm as did the AM radio many years....
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Although the parts list calls for a ten-segment LED unit, the illustration shows two individual LEDs being used instead. This is due to lack of room on my breadboard to mount the switch assembly, two integrated circuits, and the bargraph. If you have room on....
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The expansion board had 6, but I didn`t think that 6 servo ports were worth the price of the expansion. I ended up making a fully reversible modification to my handyboard that gave me 16 servo ports costing a total of about $2, two of the motor ports and a....
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This circuit could be used (depending on your circumstances) by a gentleman to summon his butler, a manager his secretary or as in the author`s case to call the kids down to dinner without having to shout above the level of the CD player/TV/games console in....