Popular Circuits Page 160
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The full-scale deflection of the universalhigh-input-resistance voltmetercircuit shown in the figuredepends on the function switch positionas follows: The term IFS in the aboveequations refers to meter`s fullscaledeflection current rating inamperes. It must....
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This light sensor switch circuit allows the automatic connection of a lamp when the light is low (at nightfall) and will maintain the lamp ON for a certain period of time. From the moment that T4 and T5 are opened, relay`s LED start to light and powers the....
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A hydraulic or hydrostatic drive system or hydraulic power transmission is a drive or transmission system that uses hydraulic fluid under pressureto drive machinery. The term hydrostatic refers to the transfer of energy from flow and pressure, not from the....
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3130 CMOS opamp gives required high input impedance for pH probe at low cost. Output of probe, ranging from positive generated DC voltage for low pH to 0 V for pH 7 and negative voltages for high pH values, is amplified in circuit that provides gain....
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The circuit SJT is a 1024kHz warming crystal oscillator. Circuit is shown as the chart. As its output signal level is low, so the following transistor VTl is used as the buffer amplifier. The base bias resistor R2 of VTl, the load resistor R3, the emitter....
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Until quite recently spread spectrum techniques were almost exclusively in the military domain. Their use in GPS and the latest cellular phones will be followed by many other civil applications. This article, the first of [two] parts, examines the technology....
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Circuit shown in Figure 3-129. The circuit is C650-2 lathe brake control circuit. Kv using speed control relay. ..
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This rain detector electronic circuit project is an very simple alarm circuit, that will start an audio warning, if the liquid is present on the sense pad. This rain detector electronic circuit diagram is based on two transistors. When the sense pads....
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For the following circuit of the JDM pic microcontroller programmer I need information about the PIC microcontroller pins which receive the RS232....
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Completed STK465 is an amplifier of acoustic frequencies that offers qualitative output, using minimal exterior elements. Substantially he is one of big completed force. Has a line pins and incorporated metal surface for adaptation in cooler. The provision....
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LDR( Light dependent resistor ) Engineering is a technique of making several electronics circuits following thelogic of a simple light and dark sensor using transistors, 555 IC and 741 IC. Out of several optical sensors, light dependent resistor can beused....
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The final amplifier is the power source of every audio installation. Its job is to convert a small alternating voltage into a powerful signal for driving l....
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In an adjustable lowpass filter, each filter section uses commonly available components (Figure 1). This example uses filter-section cutoff frequencies for standard inductors and capacitors without the need for any extra components in series or parallel.....
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The device emits ultrasonic sound waves that sweep between 65,000 and 25,000 hertz. Designed around a 556 dual timer, one half operated as an astable multivibrator with an adjustable frequency of 1 to 3 Hz. The second half is also operated as an astable....
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This is a Tesla/joule thief hybrid circuit that its inventor claim to produce 90 times the input power! The circuit can be self looped and can provide 1050W of power. from the 1050W only the 11.6W will loop back to supply the joule thief. If you remove the....
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All ground point in the circuit should be connected in a single point and ground it(If possible) or connect in transformer`s 0 marked wire as shown in the circuit...
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Commander allows you to control your Alinco, Elecraft, Flexradio, Icom, JRC, Kachina, Kenwood, TenTec, or Yaesu radio from a PC running Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000, XP, Vista, 7, or 8; both 32-bit and 64-bit flavors of Windows are supported. Commander is free,....
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Two diodes in feedback path or LM324 opamp create musical-instrument effect known as fuzz by limiting output voltage swing to ±0. 7 V. Resultant square wave contains chiefly odd harmonics, resembling sounds of clarinet. Fuzz depth pot controls level at which....
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You could really use any phone for this project, so don`t worry if you can`t get or don`t want the same model as mine. If you do get an antique bakelite phone, here are some basic steps for restoration. Clean your phone with a rag dampened in one of those....
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This circuit is similar to the one above but uses positive feedback to get a little more amplitude to the speaker. I copied it from a small 5 transistor radio that uses a 25 ohm speaker. In the circuit above, the load resistor for the driver transistor is....
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As shown in FIG PGA202 constituted by AC-coupled differential amplifier. The circuit at the input PGA202 plus two 1 F capacitors and two 1M resistor composition frequency 0.16H..
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Digital signal processing circuit when work needs to cooperate with it with a memory for temporarily storing image data. DPTVT-3D/MV digital processing chip need four KM416S102..
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The danger always exists, when the fuel gases such as propane or gas are confined to a small area. The alarm of toxic gases figs. 1-45 utilizes a tin-oxide-semiconductor. A coil of thin wire heated by a battery 12 V via IC1 and IC2, which pulses the voltage....
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Use a PIC Microcontroller to Control a Hobby Servo This instructable describes how to integrate hobby servos (the kind used in RC planes, cars, etc.) into....
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This is a simple NiCd battery charger powered by solar cells. A solar cell panel or an array of solar cells can charge a battery at more than 80 % efficiency provided the available voltage exceeds the fully charged` battery voltage by the drop across one....
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This 555 timer circuit Remote control Jammer device it s useful when we need to block someone to use the remote control (children that change frequently t....
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Following circuit diagram shows ultra simple AVR microcontroller (SOURCE: unkown). It requires very few components and its very simple to build on general purpose matrix PCB. You can use PonyProg2000 software to program your AVR using this programmer.....
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a single-line diagram of the ship`s service generator and switchboard connections for a destroyer. Component: Resistor, Capacitor, Transistor, ....
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Here`s the schematic for the circuit. Solder all the components onto perfboard. Sorry the drawings kind of bad. Basically, the 555 timer sends a pulse....
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The circuit in Figure 1 uses a fully differential amplifier to offer an answer to this problem. Fully differential amplifiers enable you to deliver an output-voltage swing beyond the rails into the load. One of the common problems in working with operational....
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Here`s a design circuit for temporary lamp circuit is very helpful in emergency situation or in any application where we don`t have much time to turn off the lamp. Just press the push button, do a little fast task, and then leave it. This circuit hold the....
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To get a position control that are low cost, accurate and simple we can use stepper motor. To drive it we can use a circuit mounted close to the motor, and to....
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This is a programmable current and voltage regulator circuit. It consist of a voltage regulator with external current limitation. The variable resistor R2 is....
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And vehicles from the same period, the generator without excitation, no voltage generator bus, only the residual voltage (approximately ten volts), so operation is relatively s..
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This circuit is able to handle nine independent telephones (using a single telephone line pair) located at nine different locations, PDF Bidirectional telephone line simulator without using telephone lines, couple, test and demonstrate all types of telephone....
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How can television modulator be small and simple like this? First, it uses integrated circuit, and the second, any TV modulator is nothing more than amplitude....
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Professional electronics designers often use peak-detector circuit sin such applications as amplitude measurement, automatic gain control, and data regeneration. You can build a simple and fast peak detector from a serial diode and a shunt capacitor, but it....
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This inverter circuit can be used to power electric razors, stroboscopes and flash tubes, and small fluorescent lamps from a 12 volt car battery. In contrast to the usual feedback oscillator type of inverter, the oscillator of this inverter is separate from....
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ASSP For Audio AN41240A The AN41240A is a single chip IC that uses single-hall-sensor drive on the input side of the spindle motor drive block and low-noise direct PWM drive of sine wave on the output side, incorporating a PWM 6-channel driver necessary for....
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Electronics Tutorial about Light Sensor including Photocells, LDR, Photodiodes, Phototransistors, Photovoltaic Cells and Light Dependent Resistor....
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The circuit will work without the extra components, but for reverse polarity protection a 1N5400 diode is provided at the input, extra smoothing being provided by C1. The output stage includes C2 for extra filtering, if powering a logic circuit than a 100nF....
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Electric thermos temperature detection control circuit Electric thermos shows the temperature detection control circuit. It is mainly by the control circuit of the boiler heate..
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The process of converting an analog voltage into an equivalent digital signal is known as Analog to Digital Conversion, abbreviated as ADC. An ADC is an electronic circuit which converts its analog input to corresponding binary value. The output depends up....
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When zero voltage switching is not required, methods of providing this function are illustrated. The lowest parts count version of a solid-state relay is an optoisolator, the triac driver HlU. Unfortunately, the ability of the Hll} to drive a load on a....
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I hadn`t worked through the biasing calculations for collector feedback common emitter amplifiers before, so I thought I`d do that for the simple one transistor NPN preamp that Dino built as his weeklyhack. But even before I got to it, I was confused by....
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Finding out where your microcontroller`s firmware spends most of its time can be a tedious task when you use a conventional in-circuit emulator and breakpoint techniques. Other such tasks include discovering why a state machine doesn`t work as you intended....
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The State Jal Boards supply water for limited duration in a day. Time of water supply is decided by the management and the public does not know the same. In such a situation, this water alarm circuit will save the people from long wait as it will inform them....
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The PIC 12F629 and 12F675 devices have an internal 4Mhz oscillator that enables the devices to be used without an external crystal or RC network. This frees up one or two pins for I/O use and allows the device to be built into minimum component count....
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ETl3X220 is connected to a low-cost single-chip RF-transmitter chip, can provide 10 communications for wireless mouse and keyboard applications and communications products. The..
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I tried photo paper, telephone book paper, color pages of magazines, dextrin covered paper, the various catalogs of electronic supply companies. I tried different temperatures of the hot iron, higher & lower pressure. I tried different board cleaning....
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Results are shown on an analog VSWR meter. The design was originally published in `Break-In`, New Zealand`s amateur radio magazine in Sept/Oct 2005, and is republished here with the permission of the editor. Note: `Break-In` is a term used in amateur radio....
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Would it be possible to remove the ESCS from a multicopter setup and replace them with a 1 single circuit board to throttle all the engines? I have a 8 motor setup wich is 8 ESCS wich is 8times the way and 8 times the possibility of failure or broken down....
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There are many applications where the accuracy of a digital or analogue (bar graph) is not required but something better than a simple low/high indicator is desirable. A battery charge level indicator in a car is a good example. This simple circuit requiring....
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Accessories built so far include a linear power supply, a switchmode power supply, a tuning aid, and a headset. An antenna tuner and SWR meter will be described later. In order to operate the new transceiver, I needed a power supply. I began by building a....
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By 0.001 F the first half of the coupling capacitor 556 pairs timer output is supplied to the second half of the input given individual delay equal to the sum of the total dela..
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So long as the visitor stretches out one`s hand and crosses the black harp of that entire body, the tone will be played . Why is not there the string to play S..
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Imagine that is morning, you barely anticipate the bus for work and you can`t find your keys. If you suffer from this situation frequently, this circuit is ideal for you. A fizzle is the only thing you have to do. The overall circuit is small enough to....
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This circuit holds on the internal light for approximately one minute after the car doors are closed. When the door contacts open, a + VE pulse is applied to the base of Tl. This transistor turns on, turning off T2 and charging the 10-llF capacitor. T3....
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You use the fully controlled circuit in Figure 1 to parallel-program two-wire serial EEPROMs via the I2C bus. Gang programmers must address all memory devices during a write operation. To verify the memory contents, however, the system must address only one....
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Due to the increased level of transistor amplifier circuit, the control circuit of Figure 16-6 performance more than plus sensitive, and can input control signal superimposed o..
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Easy to take along four dimmer switch circuit shown in Figure 8, which has a 4-speed brightness of combination: When the switch Sl, S2 and S3 compete portion is closed, the lam..
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Two identical integrated circuits, U1 and U2, known as "hex inverters" are used for the theremin`s primary functions. They are CMOS (Complimentary Symmetry Metal Oxide Semiconductor) devices, typically used in digital circuits to perform a logic function....
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The timing must be exact to get those high voltage spikes. I used a tiny magnet on the rotor, that triggered a reedswitch allowing the relay to pulse the energy from the recovery coil to the primary battery. In the same time the rest of the circuit is....
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The following schematic shows 12 W Bridge Amplifier circuit diagram as an application of the TDA2007A a class AB dual audio power amplifier which is designed for stereo application in music centers, TV receivers and portable radios. According to the....
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A block pinout diagram of the LS7220 keyless-lock IC is shown. The keypad must provide each key with a contact to a common connection. In this case, the common connection goes to the positive supply rail so that when a key is pressed, a positive voltage is....
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Creating projects that connect to the phone line can be a real chore without some device like this. It generates the 48 volts DC for the on-hook condition, the 100 volts AC for the ring signal, and the 20 milliamperes DC for the off-hook condition. To use....
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This digital volume control has no pot to wear out and introduces almost no noise in the circuit. Instead, the volume is controlled by pressing UP and DOWN buttons. This simple circuit would be a great touch to any home audio project. Using a dual polariity....
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1995 camaro, just swapped the engine/ trans with cradle from a 1994. I didn`t take off any plugs from the engine and kept the computer mouted on pass. wheel well with the engine. swapped the v. a. t. s box and steering column. turns over and get spark, but....
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I MAID THIS PROJECT SUCCESSFULLY. WITH PROPER FREQUENCY AND STRENGTH. IF YOU WANT HELP THEN CONTACT ME i will surly help you to bring out you from the problem :) ..
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Flying hand launch gliders means living with small capacity receiver NiCad battery packs. These small packs are light, but have the distinct disadvantage of rapidly depleting. You can carefully time your flights, but you end up either crashing when your....
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Q1 and Q2 form a voltage amplifier which has sufficient gain to be overdriven by a rela-tively low input, such as an electric guitar. The result is that the output from Q2 is a Squared-Off verson of the input, giving the required fuzz sound. RV1 adjusts the....
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This free-running TTL square-wave oscillator has a variable frequency output over a 20:1 range or better through use of four of the six inverters in an SN7404 chip and the additional components shown. Frequency of oscillation is determined by the capacitor....
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A MOSFET is used as a wideband buffer amplifier. T1 is wound on a toroid of approximately /f diameter, with material suitable for frequency (usually 1- to 20-MHz range). The turns ratio should be about 4:1 depending on load impedance. Typically, at 4 MHz,....
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1994 Mercury Topaz Instrument Cluster Illumination Wiring Diagram...
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A ground loop in your AV system caused by antenna connection or TV cable is very common if you have your computer connected to the same system. This type of ground loop problem can be solved by using suitable isolation between your AV system and the antenna....
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This is a 3U rack unit with standard mains power supply. It provides audio routing and speed control for two domestic three-head cassette tape machines such that they can be used to create authentic 1960s style tape flanging effects. The tape machines link....
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The voltmeter shown in the schematic diagram below has very high impedance. The range selector uses conventional voltage divider resistors, but since the following pre amplifier uses JFET, the divider can be designed using very high resistance series....
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This is a very easy and fun to build project that will allow you to control up to eight external devices through your computer`s parallel port. You may for instance control different appliances such as lamps, computers, printers, tv sets, radios, music....
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This may well be the world`s only discreet logic circuit to generate truely random output. It makes an excellent candle flicker light for your haloween pumpkin, and looks much more authentic than a shimmer light wherever a good a simulated flame effect is....
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Based on the classic Baxendall tone control circuit, this provides a maximum cut and boost of around 10dB at 10K and 50Hz. As the controls are passive, the last transistor prov..
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I needed to test some crystals for a project I was working on. I found lots of testers on the internet, but they all where lacking in one thing or another. I decided to take one of them and add the features that I wanted to it. This is the result. I also....
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The right top node is connected to two voltage sources and has three elements. All other nodes also have three elements. Hence, we select the right top node because by this selection, we already know the node voltages of two other nodes, i. e. the ones that....
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U1 is a 4060 12-stage binary ripple counter that is used as a free-running oscillator; its frequency of oscillation is: 1/2.2 CIR2. The output of U1 is applied to U2, a 14-stage binary ripple counter that provides square-wave outputs of lfz, 1/4, "is, and....
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Although only low power this circuit may be tuned to operate over the range 87-108MHz with a range of 20 or 30 metres. I have used a pair of BC548 transistors in this circuit. Although not strictly RF transistors, they still give good results. I have used an....
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