Popular Circuits Page 187
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The circuit is great for controlling the power delivered to a device such as a fan, LED`s or even transformers and coils. By adjusting the pulse width you can easily control the speed of a fan without sacrificing torque. This particular transistor, the....
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Many of todays high performance FPGAs Microproces- sors, DSP and industrial/embedded subsystems require sequencing of the input power PS10 PS11. Historically this has been accomplished: i) discretely using Comparators references & RC circuits; ii) using....
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The material is presented in a manner suitable for a teaching tool. It seeks to enlighten and to spark off interest in the design of counters. As R. S. S Obermann remarks ". design of counters has, in my experience, always been an excellent proving ground....
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We used as a starting point for our experiments, the switching device John Bedini had built for the Tesls Symposium. Our goal was to upgrade this switching device for ordinary car or motorcycle batteries....
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Although the basic amplifier circuit phase AC amplifier are the same, no special change, but in order to select the correct magnification, the circuit uses ugly series resistan..
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Parallax, well known for its successful Basic Stamp IC, has recently introduced the Propeller: a new microcontroller with a certain difference. It packs no less than eight 32-bit processors (referred to as COGs in Propeller jargon) into a single package with....
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A video of my friend James playing his electric guitar, patched through the audio echo effect system, and then to his amp. I didnG ‚¬ t make any effort to prove that this isnG ‚¬ t a conspiracy, so youG ‚¬ ll have to take my word that the echo effect is....
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This is a design project of an air-filter sensor to be used in home heating and cooling system. The project includes conceptual design, analysis, implementation, tests and modifications. First, the air quality and power consumption between a clean air filter....
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Automatic multipurpose emergency lights circuit is shown. Usually emergency lights connected to the mains, in fully charged standby. When a sudden power failure and sudden ambi..
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Although there are significant variations between different implementations of the general-purpose timer in different microcontrollers, there are many similarities in the principles of operation and the structure of the timer subsystem. The central element....
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Sometimes when experimenting with different soundcards and MIDI interfaces it is useful to see if there is some data going in MIDI interface. This can be easily tested with this adapter, which converts the midi signals to visible light pulses. Just the....
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This circuit provides a very low cost method of controlling light levels. Circuit power is obtained from a relatively high source impedance transformer or motor windings, normally used to drive the low-voltage lamps used in these functions. It should be....
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To amplify small current signals such as from ah electron-collector inside a vacuum chamber, it is convenient for reasons of noise and bandwidth to have a "head-amplifier" attached to the chamber. The op amp N1 is a precision bipolar device with extremely....
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This is a 6m band transmitter RF power amplifier (50 MHz) with 100W output. It used with my FT-736R and drive from 10W for the 6m SSB DX. The Building information comes from Japan CQ Magazine. The Toshiba RF bipolar power transistor is used in it. If you....
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A series of LEDs I would like to have display at 2 brightness levels and am confused how to properly wire this. This is for additional running lights/brake lights on my bike. When using the series LED calculator I believe for the Source voltage 1 I should....
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This very simple high-level design demonstrates the product`s structure. Its integrated circuit responds to button presses and senses temperature via the probe, displaying the temperature on the LCD and sounding the buzzer when finished. This more detailed....
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The DE2 board provides four pushbutton switches. Each of these switches is debounced using a Schmitt Trigger circuit, as indicated in Figure 1. The four outputs called KEY0, . , KEY3 of the Schmitt Trigger device are connected directly to the Cyclone II....
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Charging circuit will rise, especially rechargeable batteries and the charging circuit when a large current charging a higher temperature. LTC4060 external..
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This circuit can detect the positive peaks for signal frequencies higher than 5 MHz. It yields ±1% accuracy for 400 mV to 4 V pk-pk signal amplitudes on sine, square, and triangular waveforms. The Am685 comparator output increases whenever VrN is a....
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Comb electric circuit shown in Figure 1-3. It has two temperature options, switch S into L or H profile file, you can get different temperatures. Then later on switch S, the ci..
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ZSSC1856 of ZMDI Company is the double-channel ADC of integrating embedded MCU, made up of two chips, PQFN32 5x5mm capsulates. Basic chip SBC of the system Having included the high tension circuit, LIN transceiver and including the peripheral hardware, 18....
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The circuit is designed to be fitted into a small box and then fitted into your backbox (the exact choice of position is yours). Only 3 wires are required - one for the battery +v, one for the supply +5 volts from the MPU board or power supply and a common....
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This circuit is a complete application is 2. 1 amp, two satellite speakers for TDA and one for the subwoofer, making the 2. 1 system, widely used in commercial applications as an amplifier for computers, which may give an increased in its audio system with a....
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A telephone ringer capable of making any mains-powered device work from the ringer of your fixed line. With it, you will be able to control a high-powered siren or horn, as you like, in order to relay and amplify the low-level sound of your telephone (making....
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This circuit uses a set of 13 differently colored LEDs to generate a full color spectrum. The photo does not fully represent the colors generated due to camera limitations. The real-world display is very eye-catching. If you want to "trick out" your PC, this....
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This is the most simple and affordable solar battery charger that the hobbyist can make. It has a few drawbacks over other similar controls, but offers nu...
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If the ac supply is 220 volts, then which resistir should replace and by which one, 220v is twice of 110v so doubles the value due to the voltage work, try to replace 9k1 with 22k-100k and capasitor voltage 160v. You are reading the Circuits of 120 Volt 4....
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Most of the LCD issues are due to Delay routines only. First try to interface LCD properly then try for your digital clock. Step by step approach is important. You may refer to LCD tutorial which is in tutorial section. code is ok i check it on Proteus it is....
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The program in the microcontroller knows two protocols; the one wire bus used by the DS1820 temperature sensor, and the serial protocol expected by your computer. Once power is applied, the program fetches data from the sensors and sends it to the serial....
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We will bypass the mechanical snooze switch on top, and instead turn the alarm clock off in a much more fun way: punching it! Hopefully along the way I will be able to teach you some techniques that are useful in reverse engineering, so you can apply them to....
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Here he adapts an ordinary 40 amp car relay, converting it from having a “normally open” contact, to operating with a “normally closed” contact. It is not necessary for you to do this as automotive relays with “normally closed” contacts are readily available....
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A basic mixer suitable for mixing microphones or even effects outputs. The overall gain from input to output is one if the pot related towards the input is full up. You can make this a net gain of ten (or any other reasonable gain) by reducing the input....
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Here are design data for a 3TF7 replacement. Design was based upon the information found in The Ballast Tube Handbook` by Jacobi and on the descriptive field of the R-390x part list: Actually, according to the voltage charts of R-390x receivers, the 3TF7....
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The circuit consists of a device with low drift LTl012. and a speed amplifier LTl022Jligh. The entire circuit is a unity gain inverter, with the summing node at the junction of three resistors 10k. The monitors what the Tl012 summing node, it compares to the....
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When the lines SDA (Serial DAta) and SDA 'are logical '1', the circuit is at rest with the result that optocouplers IC 1 and IC2 can not convey absolutely no information. But once the SDA line become the 'O', then the LED the IC 1 becomes conductive through....
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The DS protocol was designed to provide firmware-based bidirectional host-to-slave inter processor communications for situations in which no hardware solution is available and the host and/or the slave in incapable of tending the interface in real time. The....
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It's based on a Philips class-H audio amplifier IC and can deliver 36W RMS OR 70W music power, all from a 13.8V supply. Our new Mighty Midget Amplifier can really pack a punch - around 36W RMS continuous into a 4-ohm load when using a 13.8V supply.....
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This compact RF oscillator covers the entire 0. 4 - 30 MHz range in a single sweep of the dial and has a terminated 50 ohm output of more than 300mV across the entire HF band. Most signal generators use a series of ranges to cover the HF band. This....
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Though this setup can act as a cost-effective current source with an output accurate to 1%, the voltage offset will turn on the current source even when Vqq equals Vin. 2. Modifying the configuration of Figure 1 can rectify the problem of the current source....
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This circuit is for a QRP (low power) antenna tuner, a.k.a. a transmatch, for use in the short wave amateur radio bands from 3-30 Mhz. It allows a wide variety of antennas to be connected to a low power transmitter. When the circuit is properly tuned, the....
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The drive circuits for Unipolar stepper motors are usually very simple. In its simplest form, a transistor or MOSFET is used to drive each section of the windings. With this design, the control signal must be supplied programmatically to the four windings of....
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As shown for the high-speed integrating circuit. The integration time constant circuit RtCt have a greater range. If you do not consider integrating capacitor Ct, A2 is a positive feedback compensation broadband AC amplifier. A2 negative feedback loop coupled..
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The circuit in Figure 1 provides a way to check a battery`s condition. Measuring a battery`s voltage is not the best way to check its condition; it`s better to measure the power that the battery delivers in a discharge process to evaluate the battery`s....
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The phone company provides 3 levels of power. With no devices 'off hook' the line rests at 48 volts DC. If you draw any more than a fraction of a milliamp or so, you get the phone company's attention and a dial tone. When the line rings, you get about 100....
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The next job is the LNA transistor replacement, but the trouble is repeated already within next contest. Such problem is usually result of unsuitable time sequence of switching between receive and transmitting, where due to different delays (for example by....
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Calculate magnification, input resistance and output resistance circuit ..
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This circuit is a high-input impedance version of the so-called diode pump or staircase generator. Note that charge transfer takes place at the negative-going edge of the input signal. The most common application for staircase generators is in low-cost....
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Attention! This strobe light circuit is connected to 220V, so measurements and experiments are very dangerous even after unplugging it from the mains. P1 p....
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The 555 timer IC was first introduced around 1971 by the Signetics Corporation as the SE555/NE555 and was called "The IC Time Machine" and was also the very first and only commercial timer ic available. It provided circuit designers and hobby tinkerers with....
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Electronics Tutorial about Active Low Pass Filter including Low Pass Filter Frequency Response, Op-amp Voltage Gain and Active Filter Construction....
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One shot multivibrator circuit is also known as monostable multivibrator or timer. The function of such circuit is simply produce a pulse strobe with a fixed....
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Tone generator circuit Tone generator circuit shown in FIG. Circuit uses a quad 2-input NAND gate integrated circuit CD4011. NAND gate NAND gate 1,2 and 3,4 form two gating multivibrator oscillation ..
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This is an old project of mine from about 3 years ago. I was 8 when my father bought me a C=64 28 years ago, and I still remember how thrilled I was t....
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This circuit uses a TBA820 audio 1C to amplify underwater sounds. The microphone must be waterproofed. This project was originally used in a home aquarium to monitor fish sounds...
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Figure 1 shows how to position a mechanical device into four discrete positions but with only two free outputs and one free input from the control system. The position depends on a set of cams and four corresponding limit switches. The 24V-dc motor comes....
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Today, most telephone equipment use a DTMF receiver IC. One common DTMF receiver IC is the Motorola MT8870 that is widely used in electronic communications circuits. The MT8870 isan 18-pin IC. It is used in telephones and a variety of other applications.....
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This circuit is not an absolute novelty, but it is simple, reliable, "rugged" and short-proof, featuring variable voltage up to 24V and variable current limiting up to 2A. You can adapt it to your own requirements as explained in the notes below....
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You use a frequency discriminator to compare one signal frequency with another one. A functional feature, retriggering, of a monostable, one-shot 74xx123 multivibrator can yield frequency discrimination. Figure 1 shows a frequency discriminator that....
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An electromagnetic generator without moving parts includes a permanent magnet and a magnetic core including first and second magnetic paths. A first input coil and a first output coil extend around portions of the first magnetic path, while a second input....
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This is a circuit to test zener diodes. It hooks up to a 120V AC line and boosts the output ....
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Featuring very low power consumption, 675 nA is the total current? consumption for this amplifier? circuit. The output voltage swing is 300 mVpp with a 20...
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This article describes a 2-Input alarm developed on the PIC LICK-1 Module using a Microchip PIC16F628-04. The program uses the internal 4MHz oscillator and if any other frequency is used, the timer values will need to be changed. A two zone alarm means the....
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All miniature electronic devices operate off batteries. Some of them need higher than the standard battery voltages to operate efficiently. If the battery of that specific voltage is unavailable, we are forced to connect additional cells in series to step up....
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This circuit has been very useful in filling a header tank for a reticulated water supply on a farm. Eight troughs are supplied in different paddocks where a lack of water would have serious consequences for the stock. In the past, the tank had been filled....
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This Design Idea expands on a circuit in a previous one to configure a power-outage detector with a flashing alarm (Figure 1, Reference 1). The circuit plugs into a mains outlet and uses trickle-charged nickel-cadmium batteries. The green-LED monitors the....
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Constant current function module is disabled port junction figure, 13 feet; OFF, constant current ban port. Loss of function when OFF constant current is grounded, the module i..
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As shown in the circuit diagram of the feeding tube Swallow CS37-2 type color TV. Filament voltage by the line flyback transformer, winding current limiting resistor R523 is su..
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This circuit operates at potentially lethal 220V AC mains voltage. The circuit should be built and used only by people who know hot to safely work with such dangerous voltages and how to built the circuit so that it is safe to use. Solid-state light dimmers....
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As mentioned earlier, Arduino consists of two major parts: the hardware (the Arduino board) and the Software (the IDE). The advantage of using the Arduino is that we can build a circuit and then modify how it responds by changing the code (instead of....
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A cheaper way to build or buy something with similar functionality It doesn`t necessarily even need to be remote controlled if it could be programmed to go off at certain times...
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This small circuit is ideal for checking the basic operation of an infrared remote control unit. The circuit is based on the brilliantly simple idea of connecting a piezo buzzer directly to an IR receiver IC. This method is almost as simple as connecting a....
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The 555 timer. A chip so versatile that it has been used in everything from toys to spacecraft. A chip that can act as an oscillator, a schmitt trigge....
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A regulated 5 volt DC supply is essential for powering micro-controller and TTL based circuits. The output of most wall-warts and adapters is to rippled and impure for use in digital circuits. Lets build an inexpensive power supply using some discrete....
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The resistors could be 1/8w, The zener diode could be a 250mW part, or it could be a 1W part (1N number will be different). The electrolytic capacitor is plain vanilla, and the value can deviate (larger is ok, higher voltage is ok), but when it`s all done,....
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The CMOS comparator in the successive-approximation system determines each bit by examining tbe charge on a series of binary-weighted capacitors. In tbe first phase of tbe conversion process, the analog input is sampled by closing switch SC and all ST....
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As shown in FIG hydraulic oil for automotive LED alarm circuit. The circuit consists of a light emitting diode driver SL322C (IC), integrated voltage regulator circuit CW7809 (..
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As shown for the PGA103 offset voltage correction circuit. PGA103 laser correction, so the gain of the three kinds of typical offset voltage (relative to input) are lower than ..
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The nominal voltage of the solar charger circuit module is determined by the number of battery cells to be charged. Because of the typical voltage drop of 0. 3 to 0. 4 V across Schottky diode D1, the nominal voltage should exceed the charge voltage set on P1....
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This article means to utilize your old PC to be come a simple controller. Many old PC like 8088 type, 8086, 80286, 80386, or even 80486 already become an obsolete systems. This board using 8-bits of LPT printer parallel data port (DP) to activate the relays.....
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The cyclic converter consists of a chain of identical stages, each of which detects the polarity of the input. Step V REF then subtracted from the double entry and the rest if the polarity is correct. The signal is full wave rectified and the rest of V IN -....
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The 555 acts as the tone generator configured in the astable mode. Its pin 3. square-wave output is transformed into a triangle wave by Rl and C2. The voice"s pitch is controlled by RL Transistor Ql can be 2N1086, 2N1091, or any other equivalent npn....
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NiCad batteries are excellent rechargeable power sources for portable equipment, but ~care must be taken to ensure that the batteries are not damaged by overdischarge. Specifically, a NiCad battery should not be discharged to the point where the polarity....
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