Popular Circuits Page 212
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Do-it-yourself Atmel STK505 replacement board allows programming of ATtiny84 and ATtiny861 (14-pin and 20-pin) AVR microcontrollers with the STK500 development kit. Article also describes an ATtiny 8-pin quick setup connector board....
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TDA7088 contains a frequency-locked-loop (FLL) system with an Intermediate Frequency (IF) of about 70 kHz. For supplying this circuit we can use an 3 volts battery cell or a regulated power supply...
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Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM). I`ve discussed about how to generate the sine table, how to implement it, how to practically generate the SPWM signals (with example code) and also how to implement feedback with simple sine table manipulation with....
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This is basically a flasher circuit modified to turn on and off a bulb instead of a LED. It uses a 555 timer IC working as an astable multivibrator. The flashing rate can be varied from very fast to a maximum of once in 1. 5 sec by varying the preset VR1. ..
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A simple 6 volt dc regulator circuit with diagram and schematic using 7806 Ic, a positive voltage regulator.Its an elementary 6 volt,1 ampere power supply circuit....
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Circuit shown in Figure 13-4. It uses triode control. Two transistors VTi, VTz by capacitive coupling C, so that they alternately turn on and off, so that H produce flash light..
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This simple Linear circuit provides continuously variable regulated current (~25-400mA) from a 4-6 Volt source. I chose a linear design for simplicity, reliability, ease of repair, and to avoid switching EMI in my Cave Radios. The circuit requires only....
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As shown for the brightness display circuit. The circuit consists of light-sensitive sensor, an oscillation circuit, LED display circuit. Wherein the light-sensitive..
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This circuit functions with inaudible (ultrasonic) sound. Sound of frequency up to 20 kHz is audible to human beings. The sound of frequency above 20 kHz is called ultrasonic sound. The circuit described generates (transmits) ultrasonic sound of frequency....
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I`ve been looking around for a mains (220-240VAC) power monitoring circuit that I might be able to interface with an Arduino. There is of course the OpenEnergyMonitor solution, but they seem to use a transformer to isolate and measure the mains voltage. The....
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With this basic circuit, the input current is fed directly into the summing node (pin 2) and the op-amp output changes to extract the same current from the summing node through R1. The scale factor of this circuit is R1 volts per amp. That is, the output....
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This simple cable tester can be used to check 2 wire cable such as coax cable, telephone cable, audio cable and etc. Power the circuit using 9V battery. Plug in the cable and push "TEST" button. The dummy resistor is connected to the end of the cable which....
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The first question we would like to answer is: what do we mean nowadays for video processing In the past, more or less till the end of the 80`s there where two distinct worlds: an analog TV world and a digital computer world. All TV processing from the....
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The schematic diagram (see picture) and electronic assembly are fairly straightforward since most of the magic happens in the microcontroller code....
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As shown Multifunction leakage protection switch utilizing Nissan ASIC M54122L, it can be composed of multi-function leakage protection switch, when the leakage and electric sh..
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The 7815 regulatates the positive supply, and the 7915 regulates the negative supply. The transformer should have a primary rating of 240/220 volts for europe, or 120 volts for North America. The centre tapped secondary coil should be rated about 18 volts at....
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This ridiculous hat is one of my typical procrastination projects. During swatvac for my final exams I got invited to a friends hat themed Birthday party. With nothing better to do (well apart from study for my exams) I decided that I wanted to win the best....
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The LR inputs are summed, dated and drive a comparator. The comparator senses level and generates a transition when audio inputs go above or below preset thresholds. The number of these transitions (corresponding to rapid volume changes) are integrated and....
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Embedded system design engineers design work examples from 1990s era...
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Except that I`ve added a passive high-pass filter after the output of the op-amp, to eliminate DC (since I am using 0V and +12V as my V- and V+, respectively). I use Rf=500K Ohm (is this way too much ). In addition, I have an LED adjacent to the photodiode....
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Pure Class-A triode OTL design and only one tube for amplification. The plate voltages should be low. The output impedance should be as low as possible and the maximum output current should be as high as possible. This amplifier is a stand alone Headphone....
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This circuit will detect AC line currents of about 250mA or more without making any electrical connections to the line. Current is detected by passing on of the AC lines through an inductive pickup (L1) made with a 1 inch diameter U-bolt wound with 800 turns....
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Lamp LI stabilizes the loop gain at higher frequencies while the limiting action of R2, CRI, and CR2 prevents clipping at low frequencies and increases the frequency adjustment range from about 3:1 to greater than 10:1.
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A car stereo amplifier circuit using TDA2040 is shown here. TDA2040 is a monolithic integrated audio amplifier that operates in Class AB mode. The IC has built in circuitry for short circuit protection and thermal shut down and more over it can be operated....
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DDR SDRAM is a dynamic ram standard that is designed to provide high memory depth and bandwidth. This section will provide the basic DDR SDRAM background necessary to effectively use the TM-4`s memory subsystem. In particular the memory organization will be....
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This is a silicon transistor circuit showing typical voltage values. When the forward base/emitter voltage is 0.6 to 0.7 V, the transistor is silicon. Germanium transistors will have a forward base/emitter bias voltage of 0.2 to 0.3 V This is a silicon....
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A? laser diode driver can be implemented using voltage-controlled current source.? This simple? linear laser diode driver gives cleaner drive current than a...
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It is often necessary to arrange an voltage regulator IC to give a higher output voltage than that set by the regulator alone. One method to achieve this is by connecting the common terminal to the mid-point of a potential divider but the problem with this....
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The main part of this doorbell circuit are two NE555 timer ICs. When some one presses switch S1 momentarily, the loud speaker sounds a bell tone as long as the time period of the monostable multivibrator built around IC1. When the switch S1 pressed, IC1 is....
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The MICRF112 is a high performance, easy to use, single chip ASK / FSK Transmitter IC for remote Wireless applications in the 300 to 450MHz frequency band. This transmitter IC is a true daa-in, antenna-out onolithic device. MICRF112 is high performance in....
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Ul (a 4046 PLL containing a voltage controlled oscillator or VCO, two phase comparators, a source follower, and a Zener diode) is used to produce a low-frequency, pulsed output of about 40 Hz. The VCO's frequency range is determined by R6 and C2, which can....
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The Hartley oscillator is an LC electronic oscillator that derives its feedback from a tapped coil in parallel with a capacitor (the tank circuit). Although there is no requirement for there to be mutual coupling between the two coil segments, the circuit is....
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This is a circuit for generating a sine wave from a single operational amplifier. The feedback loop of the op amp in this circuit (741) consists of a twin-T filter connected between its output and its inverting input. Positive feedback for oscillation is....
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This circuit, which uses a CD4538 retriggerable monostable multivibrator and a CD4011 NAND chip, can sense fluid levels using a variable capacitance ( see the figure ). Such a sensor can be as simple as two adhesive copper foil strips on a saline or....
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This closed-loop peak detector circuit uses a Schottky diode inside feedback loop to obtain good accuracy. The 20- resistance RQ isolates the 0.01- load and prevents oscillation. The dc value is read with a DVM. At a low frequency, the error is small and....
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1 Bute CD12V Lee output end of the eight-connected MOSFET power transistor BU * {1RF744) im JUV bone made this power MOSFET is turned on and should go off repeatedly called to ask L packet..
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The idea is simply to turn off the negative voltage load. Some examples:-
- Bias votlages for LCD panels
- RF Amplifiers
- Audio Amplifiers
The good thing about this design is that i can make use of the system i/o voltage to control the on/off and this....
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The RS485 interface standard is designed to handle a 7V
to 12V input signal range; however, in practical systems,
ground potentials vary widely from node to node, often
exceeding the specified range. This can result in an
interruption of communications,....
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A negative output voltage dc to dc converter generates a -5V output at pin A. In order to generate -5V at point A. the primary of the transformer must fly back to a diode drop more negative than -5V. If the transformer has a tightly coupled I : 1 turns....
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The RCA-83 rectifier makes use of 5VAC for the filaments. The heaters for the 5687 tubes are provided from a full bridge of MUR860 diodes, followed by 5 x 10, 000uF Elna caps. 830mA of current regulation is supplied using a LM317 regulator plus a 1R5....
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This device and all information contained on this website is for educational purposes only. This device must be used in conjunction with any and all local, provincial and federal laws. It is up to the end user to comply with all legal guidelines, thus we are....
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The circuit of AM transmitter is designed to transmit (amplitude modulated) DSB (double side band) signals. A modulated AM signal consists of a carrier and two symetrically spaced side bands. The two side bands have the same amplitude and carry the same....
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Once you have compiled your C or C+ program into an AVR binary using AVR-GCC, you will need to "burn" it to the chip itself. This can be done with one of three applications: AVRDUDE, UISP, or AVR Studio. In order to actually get one of those applications....
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The most popular is MED-NET, which covers all the mediterranean sea with its observation points. The shown map shows the observation points in the mediterranean sea. For further information about this net being part of the Italian Geophysical National....
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Led brightness control circuit : How to use a simple circuit to control the brightness level of an LED display....
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Gates Gl and G2 together with resistors Rl and R2 form a simple voltage monitor that has a trip point of 1 volts. Gate G3 is simply an inverter. The display section of the tester consists of a common anode alphanumeric LED and current-limiting resistors..
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An additional push-button switch is normally required for the ATX Power Switch/Soft Power Switch signal, but you can do without it if you use this simple circuit. It is an artful design, but it has been repeatedly tested. The zener diode is intended to....
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Here we are going to discuss about an Asynchronous 4 Bit Binary Up Counter, a circuit made up of several J-K flip-flops cascaded to generate four bits counting sequence. An up counter is basically a digital counting circuit which counts up in an incremental....
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This is a Circuits of fluorescent lamp with a power of 40 Watt - The ambit works abundant like the aboriginal Strobos. except that a beaming tube is used. Thus, the beaming tube zG ndbereit charcoal constant, the two electrodes of the tube are continuously....
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Application High Power LED Driver SP7652 with Analog 0V-to-10Vdimmer Electrical Requirements: Input Voltage 5. 5V to 28V Output Voltage VF of LED Output Current 0 to 6A Circuit This circuit has been designed to provide a high output constant current source....
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his remote transmits a tone using an infa-red LED. This tone is decoded by the receiver. Since the receiver only switches when it "hears" the tone, there are no accidental activations....
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This circuit detects the 20-Hz approximately 86-Vrms ring signal on telephone lines and initiates action in an electri..
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An oscillator/amplifier is resistively tunable over a wide frequency range. Feedback circuits containing operational amplifiers, resistors, and capacitors synthesize the electrical effects of an inductance and capacitance in parallel between the input....
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This tremolo effect circuit uses the XR2206 and the TCA730 IC which is designed as an electronic balance and volume regulator with frequency correction. The circuit is use full for stereo channels and it also has the ability to simulate the Lesley effect aka....
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Automated frog call data loggers have been used successfully to provide information on: (1) species presence at the time of sampling (that is, species likely to be overlooked during time-constraint sampling can be recorded with greater reliability); (2) life....
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This simple circuit mixes two or more channels into one channel (e.g. stereo into mono). The circuit can mix as many or as few channels as you like and consume very little power. The mixer is shown with two inputs, but you can add as many as you want by just....
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This circuit is designed to be used with the Universal Keypad Operated Switch. A few genuine mistakes - made during code entry - will not activate the device. But repeated attempts to find the correct code by trial and error - will cause the keypad to....
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Door circuit logic pen text display can take many forms, either by the inverters can also be used with non-gates, NOR gates, etc. can also be used. A logical pen as shown by th..
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The purpose of this circuit is for research and education. If anyone knows where I can get parts for simple RF circuits or even a tutorial or schematic that would be really appreciated. Honestly guys, I know you are all probably annoyed with this question....
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The ISL8107 is a single phase, non-synchronous buck controller with an integrated high-side MOSFET driver. The controller operates from 9V to 75V input voltage range. The internal 1. 192V reference voltage has a tolerance of ±1% over the industrial....
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The aim of this project was to have a bespoke object made using local manufacturing. At the time I was in dire need of a Dub Siren. I found a circuit diagram, with the help of an electronics engineer (Stephan), we drew a schematic, to which he added some....
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Back cover removed showing the power supplies upper deck and the original Dayton 2C915A (220vac - 140cfm blower) mounted to the underside of the cabinet. The RF deck enclosure was removed. Upper deck of the power supply with the original blower removed. From....
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You can set the interval from about 5-30 seconds. A relay operates the slide-change mechanism. Op amp Ul forms a sort of Schmitt trigger. Resistors Rl and R2 bias the noninverting input at pin 3 of Ul to half the supply voltage. Feedback resistor R3....
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Any potential from 1 to 15 V can be monitored with this circuit. Two lamps alert any undesirable variation. The voltage differential from lamp tum-on to tum-off is about 0.2 Vat any setting. High and low set points are independent of each other. The SCRs....
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The loop may be fed inside the center of one of the vertical sides if vertical polarization is preferred. For horizontal polarization, it can be necessary to feed either in the horizontal sides in the center. Optimum directivity happens at proper angles....
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Complete GPS solution using MAXIM CMOS RF front-end receiver MAX2742 and SONY GPS baseband CXD2932 is presented....
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As illustrated, 555 and R1, R2, C1 composition controlled multivibrator, its oscillation frequency in addition to the RC time constant related to, but also by the control termi..
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Audio signals as music or speech have big dynamic ranges. There are silent and loud sections. These audio signals aren't too good for a transmitter, which requires audio signal with constant level on the input. Limiter is a device, which weakens loud signals....
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This schematic for an experimental data transmitter uses optical fibers and a laser diode. Trans-mission frequency of the free-running oscillator is approximately 3 kHz. R5 might have to be varied to suit your laser diode. IC1 is a CD4093....
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this is a rather common cookbook circuit that you can find in books and on the net, yet personally i have yet to see it in stompbox circles, so i thought i would post it. it uses an npn JFET DC coupled with a pnp BJT . the FET allows a a much higher input....
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Output-clamp diodes are mandatory because loudspeakers are inductive loads. Output LR isolation is also used because audio amplifiers are usually expected to handle up to 2 µ¥ load capacitance. Large, supply-bypass capacitors located close to the IC are....
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The schematic diagram come from circuit: 70 W Switching Power supply with KA2S0880 IC power supply. Go to that page to read the explanation about above power supply related circuit diagram. The schematic shows the power supply capacity of 70W stereo....
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You cannot beat the Chinese. The project described in this article is a ready-made item from a $2. 00 shop! And it is made in China! It is a wireless doorbell with a cost of about $10. 00. It is so cheap, you could not build it from components for $10. 00!....
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The circuit of graphic equalizer, allocates ten adjusting potesometer , that each one from them affects in a predetermined area of frequencies, the central frequency of which abstains a octave (double), from the central frequencies of her neighbouring....
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This project has only a few modifications from the Single Chip, Four Channel Datalogger article, so I won`t go into much detail. Below is the schematic. The changes from Dan`s datalogger are that I used the PIC16F886, which is pin-compatible with the PIC....
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Here`s the Automatic Laser poweroff circuit schematic. This circuit provides a visible power indication. In this case, Ground is waiting on one side....
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General There are many 9V chaser circuits that seem to waste about 7V when driving LEDs that are only about 2V. This project is unique, because it uses only two inexpensive alkaline battery cells totaling 3V for power. Since most of the waste is eliminated,....
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Digital timers with a display clear and precise features. It is a number that represents the time after the pulse signal by decoding the digital device with digital display tub..
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This circuit uses just one IC and a very few number of external components. It displays the audio level in terms of 10 LEDs. The input voltage can vary from 12V to 20V, but suggested voltage is 12V. The LM3915 is a monolithic integrated circuit that senses....
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This is a classic signal mixer that is used for audio purpose. VR1 & VR2 are inputs audio volume controlers and VR3 is used to control the balance between Input1 and Input2. connect a dynamic microphone to Input1 and a music without vocal to Input2, then....
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This is just one of the many bugging devices available on the eaves-dropping market. The range includes pen and pencil holders, trophies, framed pictures and office furniture with false bottom drawers.
These products are readily sold to fledgling companies,....
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Most of the IR remotes work reliably within a range of 5 metres. The circuit complexity increases if you design the IR transmitter for reliable operation over a longer range, say, 10 metres. To double the range from 5 metres to 10 metres, you need to....
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This may be the simplest LED flasher circuit you can build, with the notable exclusion of LED's with integrated flashing circuits. This might be a good replacement for the LM3909 in some applications. Take a close look. Only the emitter and collector leads....
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Delta connection Motor phase failure protection circuit as shown in FIG. Its protective role is as follows: The three resistors R, ~ R3 connected as an artificial neutral point..
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The DMM-ProfiLab-Software allows you to develop any measuring technology projects based upon digital multimeters: A simple curve plotter or a complex measuring technology project. By the integrated support of relay cards you are not only able to read and....
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As you can see on the circuit, a class AB audio amplifier IC requires only a few external components. And this series is also very easy to build. 10W stereo amplifier circuit requires a stable power supply with a voltage of 18 V and 1A current needs. ..
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The circuit diagram of simple capacitance meter has been published here. The core part of this circuit is the frequency to voltage...
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This is a grid dip oscillator (GDO) circuit developed by Luigi Falcone. This circuit uses seven plug in coils covering 3. 0 to 30Mhz. This circuit can be connected to the a frequency meter by using The coaxial socket J2. The figure below shows the schematic....