Popular Circuits Page 233
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Electronic switch is a multifunctional preamplifier. It consists of five-way touch electronic switch, high-speed DC servo RIAA ultralow distortion amplifier. It can be volume, ..
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After answering all those questions, to yourself, and geting the answers and/or decisions on that, some serious studying of the PIC datasheet is the next step ion order to know what the steps for each configuration and other details. Not quite. It is bit 3....
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Sawtooth wave generators using opamp are very common. But the disadvantage is that it requires a bipolar power supply. A sawtooth wave generator can be built using a simple 555 timer IC and a transistor as shown in the circuit diagram. The working of the....
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ART TPS2 is a starved tube mic preamp. One 12AX7 tube operating at about 50v plate voltage to add color to the sound. As I intended to build a all solid state preamp, the 12AX7 and its peripheral component were removed. The right channel input stage is....
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The entire circuit is powered from a very simple regulated +-15V power supply, that is able to deliver about 2 A continuous duty, and at least 6 A on musical peaks. Two three-terminal regulators with power transistors wrapped around them do the regulating....
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This house FM transmitter for your stereo or any other amplifier provides a good signal strength up to a distance of 500 meters with a power output of abou...
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The light activated switch circuit can be used for switching OFF a particular lamp or group of lamps in response to the varying ambient light levels. The u....
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Calibrating the Smiths electronic tachometer some time ago when I realized that my tach was completely out of calibration. I used a technique similar to the one described in Tom Ballous 1975 Tech Tip to calibrate my tach at about 1200RPM using my dwell/tach....
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This post answers the question, ""How to use interrupt based UART in PIC16F877"" ? Also, using PIC16 simulator (Proteus) you can verify this UART code and ch....
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The ATMEL, with family AVR, was consolidated in the field of microcontrollers. The microcontrollers are, providing fast core and a variety of peripherals. These features continue to occupy the attention of engineers and earn their preference. The developer....
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This stereo balance indicator circuit diagram is designed using few common external components. The schematic circuit is very simple to build and will provide an visual indication with LEDs for left, right and center balance. Outputs from each channel are....
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VCR Camera Video Detector Switch Controller Circuit This video detector switch controller circuit uses the video output from a VCR or camera to....
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Dedicated model rail enthusiasts using sophisticated train and points controllers often have the problem that as their layouts get bigger and more complex, the transformer supplying power to the points does not have enough current to switch several points at....
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By design, the pump will stop only if the volume set by the four position selector switch has been reached. Notwithstanding, it will also stop if: From what I think I understand, pressing `Pc` (brew button) sets it `closed` momentarily, sending power to `Ec`....
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It can drive up to 128 individual relais, solenoids, motors, fireworks, pyrophones, etc. With a MIDI note-on message you may switch on one of the 128 LEDs (or relais). Outputs may be switched off by sending a note-off message, or by a note-on with zero....
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Another example of Figure closed loop speed control. It is a single voltage supply and L298 with integrated H-bridge power amplifier (24V). Like the previous example, it is als..
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A tricolor LED, acts as the visual indicator of the voltage level. The voltage to be measured is connected to the two comparators in parallel. The first 20-KO trimmer defines a voltage between ±5 V and this becomes the full-scale value of the reference....
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The secret to preventing instability (motor-boating) with a high gain circuit like this is to power the speaker from a separate power supply! You can connect an extra station (or two extra stations) to this circuit design. Build the circuit into two....
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The basic circuit illuminates up to ten LEDs in sequence, following the rhythm of music or speech picked-up by a small microphone. The expanded version can drive up to ten strips, formed by up to five LEDs each, at 9V supply. IC1A amplifies about 100 times....
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This is a simple circuit which I built to one of my audio amplifier projects to control the speaker output relay. The purpose of this circuit is to control the relay which turns on the speaker output relay in the audio amplifier. The idea of the circuit is....
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Otherwise properly mixed sounds often suffer from a predominant solo voice (which might, of course, be the intention). If ..
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The circuit diagram shown below appears one wire vaccum control of pneumatic locking which is popular with Jaguar, Audi and Mercedes Pneumatic..
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You can save on your electricity bills by switching to alternative sources of power. The photovoltaic module or solar panel described here is capable of delivering a power of 5 watts. At full sunlight, the solar panel outputs 16. 5V. It can deliver a current....
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The simple diode network can stabilize the voltage supplied to CMOS circuitry from a battery. D1 and D2 must have a c..
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In this page we will show how you can simply construct such a meter, which is good to have one, to show not only the existence of radioactive materials but also the dangers arising from them. The Geiger–Müller counter can be compared to a photometer. The....
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This circuit enables you to test quartz resonators at the range values from 32kHz to 24MHz. Confirmation of good state of quartz resonator is done by diode signalling LED and acoustic signal....
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The circuit is based on the type EL2020 (or similar) operational amplifier which is marled by large bandwidth. The LL2020 amplifies the video signal applied to the input stage, with a gain adjustment range of ±6 dB. Output transistor Q1, a 2N3866, applies....
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The Finder is a prototype of that device. It is a keychain-sized GPS device with two buttons, Save and Find. Pressing Save records your current location. Pressing Find visually leads you back to the saved location. Up to 9 locations can be saved. Press the....
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Ultrasonic bursts from handheld transmitter are picked up by microphone and fed to ujt threshold detector 2N2646 that also generates trigger pulse. Two cascaded bistable dividers control three transistors shunted across volume control, to give full volume....
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The voltage required to ignite the neon tube is obtained by using an ordinary filament transformer (240-6 V) in reverse. Battery drain is quite low, around 1 to 2 milliamps for a nine volt battery. The pulses from Ql, unijunction transistor, operated as a....
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One type of metal detector is a type of beat frequency oscillator (BFO). The methods used in metal detectors in general are changing the characteristics of the oscillator when there are close to the metal sensor. The detector works based on the resonant....
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The consumer unit (or electricity meter`) cupboard in some older houses is a badly lit place. If the bell transformer is also located in this cupboard, it may be used to provide emergency lighting by two high-current LEDs. These diodes are powered via a....
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In his circuit Marin has used two transistors wired as a high gain compound pair. Transistor T1 may be a 2N2222A and T2 a BC108. The current gain will be the product of each transistors beta, which will be a minimum of 140 x 110 or 15400. The power supply....
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Mains frequency is pretty stable and it is unlikely that you have to measure it but if you have an emergency generator you might find this circuit useful as it will give an indication whether the generator is running too fast or too slow. Actually you can....
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The circuit was designed for the purpose of increasing an input signal of 4 Watts to 6 Watts operating on the VHF radio frequency band specifically the FM....
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As shown in FIG constituted by MAX639 + 5V fixed output buck power conversion. MAX639 is a high-efficiency, step-down DC/DC converter. Input voltage range of 5.5V to 11.5V, the..
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This circuit controls a load (in this case a dc brushless fan) based on a temperature compared with a setpoint. THe transduced is a diode in the forward polarization regime. In fact when forward biased, the forward voltage drop accross a diode has a....
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If a circuit is to switch a mains voltage, a relay is a simple solution in cases where switching times are long and high currents are involved. However, at lower currents, and in particular where rapid switching is required, such as in sound-to-light....
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Manufacturer of Thermoelectric Materials, Custom Thermoelectric Coolers and Value-Added Thermal Assemblies....
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There are not many AM transmitters that are easier to build than this one because the inductor is not tapped and has a single winding. There is no need to wind the inductor as it is a readily available RF choke (eg, Jaycar Cat LF-1536). To make the circuit....
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The constant current charging circuit which is composed of the three-port voltage stabilizer is as shown in figure 2-21. Because the electric potential difference of the LM317`s pin-1 and pin-2 is 1. 25V, if we ignore the shunting effects of R3, R1, LED, the....
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The following circuit shows a Single Chip FM Radio Circuit. This circuit based on the IC TDA 7000 or 7400. Features: low cost FM radio circuit ....
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The circuit schematic is straightforward, I`ll not try to give information about assembling and testing circuits, there should be lots of instructable....
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Before the test point there is an AD744 with its output connected to a 10nF capacitor and after there is 1K resistor that goes to GND, from this node of connection of capacitor/resistor there is a 4. 7k resistor that goes to the TEST POINT...
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This is a circuit about PLL system that can be used to implement an FM demodulator. Since the VCO output tracks the FM signal, and the VCO input voltage is proportional to the VCO output frequency, then the VCO input will be equal to the demodulated signal.....
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The telecontrol receiving decoding circuit`s performance index shown as the chart are as follow: f radio frequency =27MHz, f audio frequency =5.5KHz, 100% modulation - square-wave; f radio frequency=±600Hz, and the frequency shift keying (FSK) is 160Hz, and....
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Here are two FM generators for low frequency, less than 0.5 MHz center frequency, applications. Each uses a 566 function generator as a modulation generator and a second 566 as the carrier generator. Capacitor Cl selects the modulation frequency adjustment....
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Can be directly connected to CD players, tuners and tape recorders...
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This hookup is useful in some house wiring situations, where only two wires are available between switches, rather than..
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A simple astable timer made with the 555, the mark (on) and space (off) values may be setindependently. The timing chain consists of resistors Ra, Rb and capacitor Ct. The capacitor, Ct charges via Ra which is in series with the 1N4148 diode. The discharge....
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Used for combining four different positive-polarity marker pulses in radar system. -NBS, "Handbook Preferred Circuits Navy Aeronautical Electronic Equipment, " Vol. 1, Electron Tube Circuits, 1963, p N4-1. ..
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This circuit uses the popular and easy to find LM3914 IC. This IC is very simple to drive, needs no voltage regulators (it has a built in voltage regulator) and can be powered from almost every source. When the test button is pressed, the Car battery voltage....
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The schematic diagram for the circuit is given in the picture above. Like its name suggests, a comparator compares two given voltages. The pair of 1K....
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- The use of a number of integrated circuits rather gated automatic lighting circuit device formed, which consists of door and window components of the sensor, CD4093 digital integrated circuits with state relay and power supply circuit...
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This circuit adapts a frequency counter to measure intervals. It was originally used as a shutter speed checker for a photo application. The watch ticks are clipped and shaped and formed into a square wave. This square wave is used to gate an accurately....
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Buffering for the zener is provided by the impedance matching and current amplifying characteristics of the emitter follower and draw less current from it. To....
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FM transmitter circuit very stable and simple given here. With an adaptive antenna, the transmitter can reach a range of about 200 meters. Transmitter met this year and got a few good results. Let`s see how the circuit. A condenser microphone (K1) is used to....
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An flashing airbag diagnostic code of 51 flashing on a 1994 Ford F150, and I need to understand what this could mean. The probem started about one month ago. I also had a leaky windsheild, so I am also wonder if that could affect the airbag module as well.....
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The ^generator output is rectified then filtered and applied between the positive supply voltage and the base of the detector transistor. This provides a negative voltage which reduces the base-voltage when the speed increases. In normal operation, if the....
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When used as a stand-alone device, ZN1034E from Ferranti can provide timed intervals ranging from 1 second to 19 days, although the rc time constant is only 220 seconds. The ZN1034E includes an internal voltage regulator, an oscillator, and a 12-stage....
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Every next stage is adding 1700 Volts, so with 12 stages we get more then 20 kV, this voltage can however only be reached when the output of the cascade is not loaded...
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Different techniques show how additional PWM (pulse-width modulation) intensity control can be applied to LED (light-emitting diode) drivers....
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As per a recent study conducted by a US Government agency, Induction cooking is the most energy efficient cooking method compared to electrical heaters, gas and microwave ovens. There are other new cooking methods such as Halogen Cooking, find our article on....
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CLC221A design with traditional amplifier OP ill, it is a high-performance current-feedback amplifier OP e grand manner using pressure - phase or same phase can be, but with th..
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The power supply is based on the LM317 and LM337 variable 3-terminal regulators ICs, and while it is no powerhouse, it is quite satisfactory for testing most power amps, as long as there is no speaker connected...
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To swap charge in either direction between unevenly loaded positive and negative battery buses, you need an inverting dc transformer. One implementation is the symmetrical flyback converter shown in Figure 1. The circuit can generate a negative output from a....
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Some cheap car alarms do not have a connection for the central locking system. However, in most it should be possible to find a point in the alarm circuit which is high when the alarm is activated and low when it is off. This signal can then be used to drive....
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To calibrate the gauge, connect the battery and press the probes gently into a pot containing a plant that is just on the verge of needing water (stick it in so that only an inch of the probe is left visible at the top). Turn the potentiometer until the "OK"....
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The figure shows a schematic for an oscillator amplitude-control servo system. The circuit creates a closed-loop system that supplies a fixed and adjustable peak-to-peak amplitude ac signal centered around 0 V. A 1-kHz sine wave, labeled AC_INPUT, is....
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Consumers have been found manipulating their electric meters, causing them to stop, under-register or even bypassing the meter, effectively using power without paying for it. An energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied....
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This the fm wireless transmitter circuit, the truth is one kind microphone that developed to be used without a cable from the microphone to the amplifier. Makes....
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The best Op-Amp circuit which is used to convert sine waveform into rectangular waveform is the schmitt trigger circuit ..
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The following two-transistor circuit is a pre-amplifier circuit for magnetic phono cartridge, which is characterized by its frequency response defined by RIAA standard for phono recording. This pre amp circuit has gain around 40 dB (midband) at 1 kHz. Here....
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Ul, an LM317 adjustable regulator provides short-circuit protection and automatic current limiting at 1.5 A. The input voltage to the regulator is supplied by DBl, a 4-A 100 PIV full-wave bridge rectifier. Capacitor Cl provides initial filtering. Ul....
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This is circuit for accurate time-base generation using the readily available 3. 5795MHz crystal commonly used in telecommunication equipment. Crystal-based oscillator with divider IC chain or a similar circuit in the form of an ASIC is used for time-base....
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Tests transistors and diodes for polarity. A three-phase wave form is derived from the 350Hz ring-of-three oscillator formed by IC1A, IC1B and IC1C, and applied to the device under test via the LEDs. The oscillator wave form enables each pair of device....
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Multi Switch Controlled Relay circuit is used to control home appliance circuit diagram with description of multi switch controlled relay utilization 1 IC various control IC...
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A Class A // Class AB amplifier rated 100 Watts when driving a 4 ohm loudspeaker. This circuit developed out of my 30+ years of JLH class-A based investigations.
The original `simple` 1969 JLH class-A design provided excellent first cycle accuracy....
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This project it´s based on a PIC18F25K20, with the purpose of control a FAN with PWM (Pulse with Modulation). It offers a variable speed control, low acoustic noise, reliability, long lifetime, low power consumption, protection features. The MCU get the....
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This Design Note describes how to generate five separate
output voltages using the LTC®1538-AUX, a dual synchronous
switching regulator controller with internal circuitry
adaptable to many additional configurations...