Popular Circuits Page 25
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The communications between commercial aircraft and the ground can be interesting, amusing and sometimes even disturbing. However radios that receive the approximately 220MHz to 400MHz band commonly used for aircraft (both military and commercial) are not....
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Definition appears very much importance in pairs. ecotherm insulation Trigger on october, at thecircuit. Also in pairs of angle, angle a half adder. in the parallel adder switches. Logicconnection diagram from parallel bcd for block diagram. reversible....
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An audio tone control combines both a Base control and a treble control in the same circuit. Tone controls are found on lower-end audio gear because it saves both front panel space on the unit and only requires one control knob, instead of two separate....
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The LT5575 is an 800MHz to 2. 7GHz direct conversion quadrature demodulator optimized for high linearity receiver applications. It is suitable for communications receivers where an RF signal is directly converted into I and Q baseband signals with bandwidth....
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the dc/dc converter is 110/220->12v not the other way. so the 12V takes the place of the battery, this comes from L4 (what you have marked L3) on t1 there`s really 4 windings, the 4th goes to the top GEN2 (you have 2 gen2`s) The pulse generators are running....
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This robot was designed as a project for secondary school pupils to build on an activity day. The chassis was provided to the pupils pre cut. The entire cost of the components per robot was just under GBP5 including the batteries. The robot is built on a....
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Germanium transistor Ql is used as a noise generator in the audio range. Ul acts as a high-gain amplifier. Ql is not ..
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Many applications require analog signals to be sensed and digital signals to be controlled. A way to detect these p..
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Each bistable circuit has two opposite-symmetry germanium transistors, two diodes, and four resistors. Additional transistor Q transfers conducting stage to next position when actuated by transfer pulse. Absence of capacitors gives high-speed operation. No....
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The circuit takes Vin, passes it through a SMPS with two MOSFETS (driven by the ir2104 that dies) and into Bat+. The LM321 is just a latch that allow the MCU to control and read the ir2104). The connector in the left comes from the MCU, the right one holds....
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NEC`s UPB1008K is a Silicon RFIC especially designed for handheld low power/low cost GPs receivers. The IC com- bines an LNA followed by a double-conversion RF/IF downconverter block and a PLL Frequency Synthesizer on one chip. The second IF Freqency is a....
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If you are lucky enough to have a big house, a large garden, and small children, this project just might interest you. It`s actually a telephone ringer capable of making any mains-powered device work from the ringer of your fixed line. With it, you will be....
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M5227P is the application circuit, for graphic equalizer, its control curve is always logarithmic frequency axis to represent rate, and require the same control curve pitch equal to ensure that the band..
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Combine an inexpensive transceiver, some free software and you`re on PSK31 at a rock-bottom price! Add to that the fun and pride of building the transceiver and you`ve got a n irresistible package! I is a relatively new I digital mode, created Iby Peter....
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Touch Alarm circuit is widely used for security, which is installed on the door. The advantages of this alarm is because the cost is cheap and difficult to detect by burglars / intruders. The following is an example of a touch of alarm circuit which is....
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The time interval of this circuit can be varied digitally through the DIP switches. The time code however must be set in BCD form. A 120 Hz signal generated by doubling the line frequency is used as the time reference. This is then divided to 1 pulse per....
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The circuit comprises simply the PWM source, capacitor C, and resistors RD and RW. For CMOS circuits, you calculate the open-circuit output voltage as VCONT=D½§VDD, where VCONT is the control circuit`s output voltage, D is the PWM duty cycle, and VDD is....
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A composite stereo signal, as transmitted by FM radio stations, is composed of at least three parts: A base band mono signal, a double sideband channel difference signal, and a pilot carrier. The signal composition is somewhat analogous to an NTSC composite....
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Here is an energy saving solar inverter battery charger. It harvests solar energy to replenish 12 volt inverter battery. It has auto cut off facility to st....
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This is a classic divider of frequency via two. It is achieved with a classic circuit T-flipFlop, round IC1 [ 4011 ]. In the circuit, the frequency of network, after are limit the negative half-s period of sine wave and transform in square wave, are divided....
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Instrumentation amplifiers (differential amplifiers) are specifically designed to extract and amplify small differential signals from much larger common mode voltages. To serve as building blocks in instrumentation amplifiers, op amps must have very low....
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How it works: the circuit as shown in FIG. VT1, VT2 and resistor R1 constitute a constant current source for charging the capacitor C2 for linear; VT3, VT4 and resistor R2 constitute a constant current source for ..
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A MOSFET that drives a load. The load has a sense resistor in its current path and its voltage is used to trigger a circuit that can disconnect the load if we detect an over current condition. But it wasn`t that easy. Many kinds of loads generate large....
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This is a fun and useful circuit for demonstrating high frequency high voltge. It can produce up to about 30KV, depending on the transformer used. It is cheap and easy to make, thanks to the standard TV flyback transformer used. It can power LASERS (although....
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This circuit has an overall gain of 320. More gain can easily be obtained by lowering the value of R2. Untrimmed Vas is 10 11V. and Vas tempco is less· than O.lJIV/°C. ..
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This is schematic of a synthesized PLL for the Low Power FM transmitter. By the way, you also can use it with other circuits, just pay attention to recalculate the loop filter response and components, VCO tank circuit, and the correct thumbswitch programming....
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Mullard TCA240 dual balanced modulator-demodulator provides suppression of carrier frequency at output, as required for SSB or DSB operation of transmitter. Bias resistor R7 is adjusted for minimum carrier output to correct imbalance. Can be used as....
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A passive light emitting diode output level indication circuit ..
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The output voltage changes approximately linearly up to 20 KV as the input voltage is varied from 0 to 5 V. The oscillator is tuned by a 5-0 potentiometer to peak the output voltage at the frequency of maximum transformer response between 45 and 55 kHz. The....
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In the generalused switching stabilized voltage supply, it can use theresonantswitch to replace the step-down convertor`s shape, and that is the resonant converter circuit. The diagram shows the example of changing step-down convertor to resonant converter:....
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A continuity tester that has an audible indicator can be more useful in some cases than a visual indicator, because you n..
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A DTMF-based IR transmitter and receiver pair can be used to realize a proximity detector. The circuit presented here enables you to detect any object capable of reflecting the IR beam and moving in front of the IR LED photo-detector pair up to a distance of....
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When the input goes from low to high, a narrow positive pulse is generated at point A. This pulse becomes - 13 V at point B, which cuts off D2. ICC`s V+ voltage becomes zero. The charge on C1 will be absorbed by ICC on in a short time. The time constant of....
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A circuit of measurement of level based on a typical application of National..
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The voltage regulator built onto the Arduino Uno is a linear-type regulator and is horribly inefficient. If you are running the ATmega238 at 5V using a 9 V battery, approximately half of the battery`s energy will be dissipated as heat by the regulator. This....
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Sound effects generators trying to imitate rain sound or sea surf are well known to hobbyists from many years: their purpose is to induce relaxation and sleep or to help in concentration and study. The sound generated is restrained to a background level and....
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Instructions to put together a small project on wireless energy transfer. If anyone knows of a good schematic that is super simple and geared towards noobs could you please share, or leave instructions. The simplest one I`ve found so far is this one off of....
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This circuit detects the 1050-Hz tone sent by the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-tration) Weather radio stations that operate from 162. 40 to 162. 55 MHz. This tone lasts for several sec-onds. Q1 is an amplifter that feeds tone detector U1,....
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With SI open, base bias is supplied to Q2 through a voltage divider (formed by R2 and R3), thus turning on the green element in the LED. That indicates that power is being supplied to the project. If you close SI, current through R1 biases Ql on, thereby....
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Bedside door fixture delay circuit has a simple structure, the advantages of affordable, the circuit with a hex inverter CD4069 composition. ..
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Simple 7805 charging circuit to recharge smart phones like the Incredible. Similar in design to the Minty Boost....
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The function for this circuit is an audio amplifier capable of delivering a decent output power with a minimum no: of parts , with considerable ....
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This ultrasonic movement detector circuit uses a crystal locked circuit to get maximum performance from the ultrasonic transmitter. However, the detection circuit is different. think it is more sensitive. Check all the components against the parts list. It....
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DC to 500KHz of 100W amplifier photoelectric starting op amp high input impedance, high gain characteristics, to achieve transformerless output power 100W. Load current up to 1..
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Circuit works: When you clapping sound through the piezoelectric ceramic HTD people seized converted into an electrical..
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This is a simple low-cost 50W off-line switching power supply, which can be used for home projects or to learn operation of flyback converters. It can work over a universal AC line input range 90-264 VAC and provides a 12VDC output at more then 4A load. Line....
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This page serves as documentation for the circuits that I have built which make use of the Modular Signal System first documented by Gregg Fuhriman in Railmodel Journal, and further documented on the Free-mo. org website. This effort was an experiment on my....
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The circuit is based on the known chip TDA1524, which is an integrated control Volume, Bass, treble, and Balance. These arrangements are made through 4 potentiometers (P5-P8) with trend. The integrated circuit IC1, to run the needed very few external....
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This circuit is designed to amplify the input from a telescopic whip antenna. The preamplifier is designed to cover the medium waveband from about 550Khz to 1650Khz. The tuning voltage is supplieb via RV2, a 10k potentiometer connected to the 12 Volt power....
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This works in a way that the phone line won`t stay busy while the LEDs are connected and when you pick up the phone, the light goes off and allow you to use your phone normally. hello. u sadi that ur phone delivers 48 v DC n when phone rings, it delivers 96....
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This small PCB, which I named Multiuse tiny1 was originally designed to convert NES/SNES controllers to USB. Since there is not a lot of space availabe inside an SNES controller, I designed the PCB to be as small as necessary. The PCB has improved since the....
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This counter makes direct readout of frequency-generating equipment very easy when a 1-H..
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There are many techniques to make an FM transmitter stable so it will not change its frequency as the battery runs down. The rf circuit shown below is a mini stable FM transmitter which is using a zener diode to provide accurate voltage to the oscillator....
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The Practical Shop Work Mark is based on productivity, work habits, safety and cleanup while working on assigned projects, or assigned labs. The student will fill out a Technical Activity Report of work completed at the end of each period which will be....
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A crucial point in the design is the input/decoder section, and the question of what ICs to use for decoding the input video to component digital video streams. The choice for this project was the Philips IC SAA7114H, new on the market at the time. This chip....
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These two tank circuits seem to expand that operating spectrum. Maybe The information sheet that came with the bug states that When both circuit stages are oscillating at the same frequency, the power output will be at a maximum. This must mean that if the....
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You can switch on a load such as Water pump automatically at the required time through this Clock Controlled Relay or also known as Time Delay Relay. It uses an ordinary clock to trigger the circuit to switch on the load ..
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Sid, I put together two working examples, one using a PNP and NPN transistor, and one using two MOSFETs. Both work fine, but as expected the MOSFET circuit consumes much less current (0.1 mA vs. 4.5 mA). Comments, suggestions, and bug reports gratefully....
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Using the circuit depicted in the schematic diagram below we can monitor the heart pulses of patient. This circuit buffer and amplify the heart pulses, and the....
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When the touch-on contacts are bridged, pin 6 of Ul-b goes low, which forces its output (the set output) at pin 4 to go high. That high divides along two paths; in one path, the output is applied to pin 2 of Ul-a, which causes its output at pin 3 to go low.....
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Fuzz is one of the classic guitar effects, and this simple circuit generates it quite well. The circuit is so compact that it can be built into guitars or amps that do not have built in fuzz to add that capability to the instrument. The circuit does not use....
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This is an UHF band TV antenna preamplifier circuit With 15dB gain to build easily. It is formed based on BF180 UHF Transistor. The first stage is an band pass filter constructed by the C1, CV1, L1, L4, C7 and C3, the second stage is a base-common voltage....
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To complement the 60 Watt MosFet Audio Amplifier a High Quality Preamplifier design was necessary. A discrete components topology, using and - 24V supply rails was chosen, keeping the transistor count to the minimum, but still allowing low noise, very low....
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Because it is the 12 bits, the highest rank counter is divided to 1/4096. Because it is, in the highest rank, the signal of 4KHz can be seen in the about 500-millisecond blink. A 7 segment display is manufactured encapsulating 7 LEDs inside a single case.....
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This 555timer clap switch circuit electronic project is designed using some common electronic parts. This 555 timer clap switch circuit electronic project operates from a distance of up to 10 meters from the microphone. Signal from microphone is amplified by....
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As shown in Figure Block Diagram for the system. Important Important programs for broadcast monitoring period, using the selected demodulator, can be displayed by the presence ..
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The circuit is capable of charging a 12 volt component selection. When the battery voltage battery at up to a six ampere rate..
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high quality amplifier for headphones electronics project. no need for preamplifier. circuit diagram....
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I`ve been working on a project that will allow me to determine the number of sun hours available in a given spot, and track that over time, as a component of solar power installation design. The idea is to get a light detector in the sun, record the number....
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This circuit was submitted by Lazar Pancic from Yugoslavia. The sound card for a PC generally has a microphone input, speaker output and sometimes line inputs and outputs. The mic input is designed for dynamic microphones only in impedance range of 200 to....
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Here s a design of the circuit diagram of RS422 interface. Connector K1 is linked to the serial port of the PC, power to the PC side of the circuit is derived from the signal lines DTR and RTS. Positive supply is derived from RTS and negative supply....
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Infrared (IR) Motion Detector Circuit with motion detector alarm and infrared sensor.The motion sensor circuit diagram and working is given in detail....
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The level at which the limiter kicks in audio can be adjusted with the selector knob LIMIT LEVEL. When this level is exceeded, the output of the half-LIMITING detector of the op-amp (used as a comparator) turns the LED causes the resistance of the....
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Some 1.5 v LED flasher circuits are available on the internet and we like to present you four of them. The flasher circuits below operate on a single 1.5 v....
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A diac is used in the gate circuit to provide work for the signal being applied to the gate. R1 a threshold level for firing the triac. C3 and R4 is selected to limit the maximum charging cur-provide a transient suppression network..
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Transistor Ql and its associated components comprise a tuneable rf oscillator. The rf signal is fed to transistor Q2, the modulator. Operational amplifier ICl increases the audio signal and applies it through resistor R4 to the base of Q2. Tune an AM radio....
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The original smoke alarm circuit has some problems and has left some hobbyists and students disappointed. Rather than to attempt to solve its many problems, I have created an update that uses the venerable LM741 op amp. It is simpler, more conventional,....
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30W Class AB power amplifier circuit diagram using power transistor. Set the above amplifier up by adjust the variable resistor R1 to maximum and R12 to zero. After this set up is done, the activate / turn on the amplifier. Adjust the R1 so that the measured....
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In the figure is the 567 FM demodulator circuit. In the figure, the FM signal is input from 3-pin and the demodulated signal is output from 5-pin. The central frequency of the FM signal that the circuit can demodulate is: fo=1.1/RC. In the circuit, C1 is the....
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The regenerative detector uses a field effect transistor (FET). Like with the better valve designs, feedback is controlled by a variable capacitor. A ferrite rod was used to allow reception of local stations without an external antenna. This FET stage forms....
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These two headlight reminder circuits are easy to install and operate on the KISS (Keep It Simple Stupid) principle. The simple circuit involves adding just a 12V piezo buzzer between the lights circuit and a door switch. The buzzer sounds if the lights are....
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Tesla built the world`s most powerful radio transmitter. Around the base of a 200-foot mast, he placed an air-core transformer that measured 75 feet in diameter. The primary consisted only of only a few turns of wire; the secondary was 10 feet in diameter....
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The need for a device that can detect and extinguish a fire on its own is long past due. Many house fires originate when someone is either sleeping or not home. With the invention of such a device, people and property can be saved at a much higher rate with....
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Ladder logic programming method is a method commonly used in electrical simulation schematic control system programming languages evolved. A circuit control system but the basic purpose of the decision in some cases all the load circuit should be opened or....
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The humidifier circuit is based on a special humidity sensor Type NH-3 from Figaro. Depending on the sensor output, the circuit drives a ventilator that is part of an air humidifying installation. The ventilator is switched on an off by a triac. So as to....
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The switch shut off time delay circuit is shown as below. The switch shut off time delay circuit is composed of the timer, optocouplers, bridge SCR, SCR AC switch. When the control button is released, the keeping motor or other AC start power for 1 hour.....
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This schematic diagram shows a water level sensor/detector/monitor circuit. An alarm is also featured in this circuit. Any fluid with a resistance under 900K....