Popular Circuits Page 250
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This article means to utilize your old PC to be come a simple controller. Many old PC like 8088 type, 8086, 80286, 80386, or even 80486 already become an obsolete systems, since they can not run many new program now a days. In fact, this system still also....
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The flash type converter is the simplest and the fastest type of analogue to digital converter. The entire digital output word is present just after the propagation delay time of comparators and the encoding logic gates. A typical conversion time of three....
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In the process of adapting an old phone to be used as an Bluetooth phone. I am currently testing the ringer circuit, which I build using the schematics provided by Sparkfun. Now, when I hook up just the right part of the schematic to a 3. 5V source (Vcc), I....
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A quad op amp can simultaneously generate four synchronized waveforms. The two comparators (Al and A3) produce square and pulse waves, while the tWo integrators (A2 and A4) give triangular and sawtooth waves.
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Presented schematic shows how to build simple PIR motion detector sensor. PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and....
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Almost open collector two outputs, open a withstand voltage of 60V, continuous conduction current of 0.3A, voltage drop typical type is 0. 4V, Zhang peak current of 9A. Can dir..
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Dark Activated Switch or Porch Light Switch This circuit will activate a relay when light falls to a preset level. Light level can be adjusted with VR1 and the relay contacts may be used to operate an external light or buzzer Dark Activated Switch This....
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This is a chapter that was cut from Applied Robotics 2 because of space issues. It discusses motor control issues in general and then moves on to build a 5-amp motor driver. The principles involved can be applied to much larger motor controllers. Though it....
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The purpose of this page and its sub pages about members of Z80 family (and close relatives) is to collect and share information and good ideas. I know there are lots of people out there, who have developed some good utilities and hardware solutions. Now we....
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I decided to make a commercial surface mount PC board using the LED2 sensor concept. It is quite sensitive and can track to a few degrees of accuracy in bright sunlight. If a blocking shadow is used the accuracy is better then 1/4 degree, that`s about as....
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The following figure`s switching regulator generates a negative voltage by the notebook battery supply. The microprocessor data bus drives a 4-bit DAC( 74HC273 ), which in turn can vary the regulator output between 6. 5 to 11. 5 V. This arrangement enables a....
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The LEDs are active-low (0) while the switches initial state is high (1). In other word, the PC software needs to give low (0) to on the LEDs and if a low (0) is read from the input pins, corresponding switch is pressed. I’m using the prototyping area....
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Trying to get this motor to work with a L293D Motor Drive Shield the shield is capable of handling 600mA per coil, this motor according to the data here takes 400mA (presumable per coil) so should be good there. However the data sheet here does not relay....
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I have no experience whatsover with building controllers and have no clue on how to start. I don`t want to spend to much money on the project (< 100 ‚¬) thus money is an issue. The good thing is that I already have a power thyristor. My question is how I can....
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The circuit below illustrates powering a LED (or two) from the 120 volt AC line using a capacitor to drop the voltage and a small resistor to limit the inrush current. Since the capacitor must pass current in both directions, a small diode is connected in....
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hi am trying to make a pic based inverter circuit. the circuit uses 2 p-channel mosfets(f9540n) with a centre tapped 12-012/230v transformer. i....
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Transmitter RF Output LED Indicator Circuit Diagram This RF output detector circuit using a visual indicator can be useful for an RF....
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AM radio receivers receive or demodulate amplitude modulated (AM) signals. The most common source of these signals is of course todays Standard AM Radio Broadcast Band but shortwave stations use AM modulation as well. Amplitude modulation was really....
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The SPC2 is a solar power center, it can be used to handle all of the power functions for small 12 Volt solar powered devices. It contains a photovoltaic charge controller and a low voltage load disconnect circuit. The low voltage disconnect has a load....
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What color LED it makes a difference. One LED or how many 3mm 5mm What is you power source These are vital things to answer. More info required. It does not compute! There`s them that knows and them that just thinks they know, whitch are you Stir the pot and....
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I decided to build an infra-red object detection system using High Output IR LEDs. For the controller of the robot I used the Parallax BASIC Stamp I. The latest greatest version of the software, at least as of 10/9/98, gives IRBOT three modes of operation.....
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Since the output buffer of P1 can sink 20mA (each output pin, but maximum IOL for all outputs was limited at 80mA), thus we can use P1 to drive LED display directly. As shown in the circuit, Two common-anode 7-segment LEDs are connected to P1 with 180 Ohms....
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An excellent way to provide continuous and direct indication of ESV readings in even a large lecture hall is to combine this instrument with a tonal voltmeter (TVM). The TVM puts out an audible tone of constant amplitude, with the frequency related to the....
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This article describes an automated data collection system for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). It discusses the advantages of automating data collection as well as a detailed description of the hardware and software. It goes on to explain the operation....
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The pulser generates pulses at a user-selected frequency of 0.5 or 500 Hz, with a pulse width of about 5 ms. If the input to be pulsed is already being driven high or low by another output, the pulser automatically pulses the input to the opposite logic....
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AVR ISP interface (optional but handy if you don`t like the boot loader, are too poor for a JTAG or AVR studio just crashed and disabled the on chip debugging ;) ) The following is the up to date bill of materials for the latest version of the PCB. The parts....
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This can also be called a poor man`s hearing aid because it can be constructed from some low cost components although its performance is not comparable to that of commercially available sophisticated hearing aids, still it can serve the purpose well for....
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This is a senior project from Stony Brook University, which is designed and implemented by Tak-Fung Yip, Franklin Delgado, and consulted by professor Milutin Stanac....
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It`s basically just an all-pass filter with two components added: a capacitor and a resistor. And it`s making percussion sounds! wow! See the attachments below for a schematic of the unmodified all-pass filter circuit, a waveform captured via Audacity, and a....
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Bidirectional thyristor control. Adjust potentiometer RPi and RPz, you can change the lower and upper limit values. LEDs VLi and VL2 are less pressure and overpressure indicato..
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Described timer to participate in the current circuit switch - bulb without any modification of existing pipelines.
Connect the timer is in Figure 1 The time switch has only two outlets, which is connected in parallel to the button (Fig. 1a) or switch (Fig.....
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This circuit is for graphic equalizer that can build with low components count and control using LA3600 single IC chip. The internal design of the chip uses transistors gyrator circuit, with connections to external capacitors to set the response. This is the....
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Most sound card microphone inputs require a minimum signal level of at least 10 millivolts, but some older 8-bit cards need as much as 100 millivolts. The typical impedance of the PC soundcard microphone input is in order of 1 to 20 kohms (can vary from card....
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The Saver V5. 0 runs simple clock emulation program, turns a night light on and off with preset time, say 19:00 to 22:00 everyday. The design features low cost, easy installation, no battery backup and no EMI. The AT89C2051 uses external oscillator generated....
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MAX732/733 refers to the DC-DC current PWM step-up regulator. As to MAX732, output voltage is +12V, maximum output current is 200mA, output voltage range is +4. 0~+9. 3V. And as to MAX733, the relevant values are +15V, 125mA and 4. 0V~11. V respectively.....
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This circuit was created for digital cameras. It's known the digital cameras have considerable power consumption. For example my camera Minolta E223 requires approximately 800 mA. In practice a mains power supply or high capacity NiMH accumulators....
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A new type of NiMH battery known as HeCell has recently been developed, which is claimed to allow higher discharge rates than the conventional ones (about 12 - 16C). ..
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A photodiode Dl feeds high gain IR remote control preamp 1C, a CA3237E. U2 is a PLL FM detector tuned to around 100 kHz. The detector output is amplified by U3 and it can drive a speaker or a set of headphones...
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The BA3822LS BA3822FS BA3823LS and BA3824LS are monolithic, five-point stereo graphic equalizer ICs. Each IC has two channels, and the five center frequencies for each channel are independently set using external capaci- tors. These ICs feature a wide....
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The circuit has a frequency response ranging from 100Hz to 3 MHz; gain is about 30 dB. Field-effect transistor Q1 is configured in the common-source self-biased mode. Optional resistor R1 allows you to set the input impedance to any desired value; commonly,....
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As shown in the block diagram above, the 10 MHz signal is produced by an oven-stabilized 10 MHz crystal oscillator that is locked by a phase-locked-loop circuit (PLL) against the precision 10 kHz signal generated by the GPS receiver module. In addition to....
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A very simple Field Strength Meter composed of a small antenna, a detector diode, a resistor, capacitor and a Micro Ammeter. Assuming that this simple circuit would be sensitive enough to detect the HF field, providing we keep it close enough to the....
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j1PCI663 shame dynamic is input, differential output type of IC, but this circuit has a single-ended output, input..
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Adjustment potentiometer RP, can change the charging current. ..
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A versatile circuit of IF signal generator which may be of interest to radio hobbyists and professionals alike. Transistors T1 and T2 form an astable multivibrator oscillating in the audio frequency range of 1 to 2 kHz. RF oscillator is built around....
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Although intended to power a 100-W low-frequency amplifier, this power supply should handle many mono or stereo amplifiers in the medium power range..
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The compact circuit (Figure 1) overcomes these problems. The regulated buck/boost charge pump in a small µMAX package (U1) has a 100mA output-current capability. Configured as shown, the circuit directly regulates bias current flowing through the white LED.....
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Op amp Ul and its associated components comprise the 67-kHz bandpass filter. A twin-T network, comprised of four 1100-12 resistors and four 0.0022- capacitors, is connected in the feedback network of the op amp. That gives some gain at 67 kHz and heavy....
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The article "Creating a Line Follower Robot with AVR [Censorship]" is a continuation of Line Follower Robot article with a new AVR ATMega8535 samapai phase Line Follower Robot block diagram. In the article "Creating a Line Follower Robot with AVR Part 1....
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To use the circuit you will need a wind vane like the one shown. It should have a weighted front end and an air paddle in the rear. Attach a small, strong magnet to the front part of the wind-vane arm. Then, position eight reed magnetic switches in a circle....
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This past summer I saw Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and I was inspired to build an enclosure for a vacuum tube amplifier that incorporated the Decepticon logo. The tube amplifier replaces a solid-state amplifier which was driven by a tube....
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With the quickening of the modern rhythm of life, the frequency happening in traffic accident is increasing too, in order to improve the safety that the car runs, this text introduces the mechanically controlled car anticollision alarm system of a one piece.....
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A very good example of code for EXTFSK that was called COMFSK. (The name has been changed to ExtFsk106) With the COMFSK plug-in, you can do PTT/FSK through legacy serial port, USB-serial adapter, or legacy parallel port (USB-parallel adapter not supported).....
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This is just my attempt in making the simplest and kinda smallest photovore. Well, it`s not that good-looking though, but it`s a great start for some beginners. It`s also my own version of Dozer photovore. Right here! Woah, it`s been a long time since my....
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Even power device is made to provide energy to some pc. It really is usually devised for converting alternating electric current, (AC), in order to low attention household power, (DC). Without having this bit of equipment, the pc is simply package of....
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40kHZ one ultrasonic transmitter circuit, the F1 ~ F3 three oscillators in the F3 is 40kHZ square wave output, frequency mainly by C1, R1 and RP decided to adjust the adjustable resistance with a frequency of RP. F3 transducer excitation output T40-16 at one....
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The following circuit shows about iButton Electronic Lock Schematic diagram. This circuit based on the Atmel AT89C2051 IC. Features: power supply on board (transformer T1, voltage regulator U4), bridge rectifier VD9-VD12, 20mA current, BT1-BT10 AA batteries,....
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Part Fill valves are widely used in Rainwater tanks. The valve will open once the water level in the tank has fallen to a low posit....
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C1 and C2 with a speed controller works by receiving the voltage at the gate of the MOSFET when the voltage on C turn ON the other would be to drive MOSFET operation...
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The circuit described here is that of a metal detector. The opera- tion of the circuit is based on superheterodyning principle which is commonly used in superhet receivers. The circuit utilises two RF oscillators....
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This clock timer uses a PIC16F628 microcontroller to display 3 and 1/2 digit time and control an external load. The clock includes a calendar with leap year and optional daylight savings adjustments. The timer output can be set from 1 to 59 minutes and....
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A preamplifier operating on a single supply and suitable for use with high impedance type crystal pickups is shown here. The circuit is basically a non-inverting AC amplifier in which the gain is dependent on the feedback resistor R4. The smaller is the R4,....
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Here is my project on interfacing of SD Card (microSD). microSD cards are available very cheap nowadays, a great option for having a huge memory in any embedded system project. It is compatible with SPI bus, so the interfacing is easy. SD card adapters are....
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Basic operation of the monitor attached to the circuit is to detect objects (obstacles), at distances ranging from a few millimeters to and a few centimeters. Depending circuits used in industry and hospitals. The position sensor IC2 optoapomonotis used a....
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The schematic for the transmitter in this project has 4 main parts, the Arduino UNO, the sharp IR distance sensor, the XBee Wireless Modules and the 16x2 LCD. You can see how these parts are connected together to build the system we want in the schematic....
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Simple half-wave motor speed control is effective for use with small universal (ac/dc) motors. Maximum current capability 2 amps RMS. Because speed-dependent feedback is provided, the control gives excellent torque characteristics to the motor, even at low....
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With a three-wire serial interface smart temperature sensors DS1620 and SPI bus interface circuit as shown below: ..
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This low-power video transmitter is useful for R/C applications, surveillance, or amateur radio applications. Seven transistors are used in a crystal oscillator-multiplier RF power amplifier chain, and a high-level video modulator. A 9- to 14-Vdc supply is....
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This is a simple ambit which I congenital to one of my audio amplifier projects to ascendancy the apostle achievement relay. The purpose of this ambit is to ascendancy the broadcast which turns on the apostle achievement broadcast in the audio amplifier. The....
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Colour Temperature is a term used to describe the colour tonality or shade of light. As anyone who has tried to buy a tin of white paint knows well, white is a very subjective colour available in a large number of hues. We hope this guide will help you....
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The crystal radio gets its name from the galena crystal (lead sulfide) used to rectify the signals. A "cat`s whisker" wire contact was moved about the surface of the crystal until a diode junction was formed. The 1N34A germanium diode is the modern....
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Audio Graphic Equaliser. Audio graphic equalizers are very common as commercial products (for Hi-fi, car audio and stage use) but circuits for them are very rarely published. I didn`t...
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This is an ongoing project I`m working on which started as a circuit that I decided was necessary to be able to neatly interface the nNovia QC120 A2D2recorder to a Sony DXC-325P camera with CA-325P studio back. I`m still working on the final design. I have....
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The real usefulness of the SR latch comes during input switch transitions. Let`s assume the input switch is a break-before-make and the switch starts in the up position. From the prior analysis, the inputs values when the switch is up are low, low, high,....
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ICl and IC2 form an inverting half-wave precision-rectifier/peak-detector circuit. Negative input-signal, swings with peaks larger than the voltage on Cl, cause this capacitor to charge to the new peak voltage. The capacitor holds this voltage until a....
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This requires expensive hardware (microphone & amplifier) and some sophisticated audio analyizig on the microcontroller. Even a complete microphone with amplyfier circuit does not provide the desired results (according to the comments on this product) I am....
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So far in this series we`ve had a diverse look at how Arduino can interact with a range of real-world devices from servo motors to ultrasonic range finders TVs to humidity sensors. Now we`ll see if we could get the Arduino to make a few sounds. We`ll....
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The two probes shown are held in the hands and the skin resistance applies bias to the transistor. The 5 k ohm pot is set for zero deflection on the meter. When the ' 'subject'' is embarrassed or lies, sweating on the hands takes place, increasing the bias....
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This circuit employs a potentiometer as the weight sensing element. An object placed upon the scale displaces the potentiometer wiper, an amount proportional to its weight..
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The circuit described here is derived from a conventional design for a simple lamp dimmer, as you can see if you imagine a diac connected between points A and B. The difference between this circuit and a normal diac circuit is that a diac circuit won`t work....
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Using the LM3551 and LM3552 are fixed frequency, current mode step-up DC DC converters with two integrated NFETs we can design a very simple and high precision LED brightness control system. The devices are capable of driving loads up to 1A from a....
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This Timer can give a time delay from 10 minutes to 12 hours. The time delay can be selected using a Rotary switch and when the timing cycle completes, relay energizes and remains latched till the circuit resets. This circuit finds various applications like....
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This timer was designed for people wanting to get tanned but at the same time wishing to avoid an excessive exposure to sunlight.
A Rotary Switch sets the timer according to six classified Photo-types ...
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We all know pretty well about solar panels and their functions. The basic functions of these amazing devices is to convert solar energy or sun light into electricity. Basically a solar panel is made up discrete sections of individual photo voltaic cells.....
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Are you situated in an area where there is significant QRM/QRN noise (QRM: man-made noise and QRN: naturally occurring noise) present on the HF Band making it impossible to receive weak signals Why not try building this noise canceller which nulls out and....
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A circuit diagram of a phase locked loop fast the whole band takes a Am686 latched comparator as voltage controlled oscillator, and the other with a TTL latch coupled to genera..
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Voltage Converter Circuit diagram for 3 volts to 5 volts (3v to 5v) using IC (CMOS Monolithic) MAX660 and MAX667-a positive voltage regulator..