Popular Circuits Page 273
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Hackers listen up. Everyone understands and enjoys the utilitarian benefits that GPS has brought to our lives but what if it didn’t work any more? I suppose you could build some sort of surface to space missile robot that would systematically seek and....
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Common designs for touch switches detect a decrease in resistance when a user`s fingertip either connects a contact to the circuit`s common ground or supplies an injection of 60-Hz ac voltage, resulting from immersion in the electrostatic field that nearby....
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You must be able to recognise components such as capacitors, diodes, zeners, transistors and resistors to build 5x7 Display project. This information is covered in our BASIC ELECTRONICS course and a complete set of circuit symbols can be found HERE...
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The block diagram in Figure 1 represents a complete remote-temperature-sensing and fan-control system. The system uses an Analog Devices temperature-monitor and fan-control ASIC and a PIC16C84 µC from Microchip Technology. The ADM1022 allows you to measure....
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thanks for your replies in my previous thread posted, i really appreciate. pls., how do i, and what circuit diagram should i use to convert a 24v dc....
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The automobile delayed kill switch is simple in concept. When you get out of your car, a secretly located pushbutton switch is pressed. Nothing apparently happens, but at the end of a predetermined time, a relay is pulled in and locked. When the relay is....
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Here is a simple circuit based on two transistors that can be used to control the speed of a 12 V DC fan depending on the temperature. A thermistor (R1) is used to sense the temperature. When the temperature increases the base current of Q1 (BC 547)....
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One of the drawbacks of a three-pin voltage regulator is that the input voltage needs to be 2. 5 3 V higher than the output voltage. This makes these integrated regulators unsuitable for battery power supplies. If, for instance, the output voltage is 5 V, a....
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A one shot multivibrator generate a fixed width pulse at the output when the input is triggered. This fixed width output should be consistent, regardless the....
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The circuit consists of four parts: a binary counter, a D/A converter, a VCO, and an audio output amplifier. The speed at which the counter counts depends on the frequency of the output of the VCO, which in turn is determined by the output of the counter.....
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Filters with high orders are designed usually with 2 or more cascaded sections. This order 4 filter need only one OA IC , so we can achieve lower distorsio....
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A1602A 40-pin dual in-line package, the circuit functions as follows: playback preamplifier is a linear low-noise amplifiers, voltage gain 26.4dBoA store cards, each with a sep..
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Use this fm antenna amplifier in areas where the signal reception of FM stations is too bad. This circuit is just the right thing to do it. It is designed...
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This timer was designed mainly to switch off a portable radio after some time: in this way, one can fall asleep on the sand or on a hammock, resting assured that the receiver will switch off automatically after some time, saving battery costs. R1 and C1....
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The circuit consists of 6 building blocks and the first is the inverter between pins 1 and 2. This forms a low frequency oscillator with a 1u and 1M + 2M2 resistor. It governs the overall timing of the ring by creating an ON and OFF time. When the output is....
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As shown for the basic connection circuit ISO103 signal and power supply. Each power supply terminal must have a bypass filter. When isolated power supply output current is gre..
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An opto-interrupter made with Lego beams, regular parts, a 6 hole pulley wheel and an axle...
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Measuring the consumption of a resource that has units by volume can be more tricky than it sounds. Use of resources such as water, gas, and even electricity is typically measured by gauges that determine either instantaneous flow rate or cumulative volume....
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This circuit of powerful flashing lamp is good use in vehicles. The LM395 IC based on circuit also known as super-transistor, which is terribly powerful integrated monolithic power transistor with options such as thermal protection, current limit etc. In....
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One of the serious problems in relay operated circuits is the relay clicking or chattering during the on/off of the relay driver transistor. This problem i....
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At the heart of the cable tester are two op amps, which are used as a window- comparator to indicate a short- or open-circuit condition. A third op-amp comparator is used to indicate a good circuit (i.e., neither open nor shorted). Colored LEDs are used to....
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Good/Bad transistor tester means that this instrument can only determine if the transistor is good or bad, nothing more. Any transistor with gain equal to 30....
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In some electronic projects you will need an unusual regulated voltage, unusual, because the voltage required is very small and you can not use zenner diodes or some other tricks due of a compact design. In that case you can use this voltage regulator....
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This project demonstrates a number of aspects of the PIC16F687 microcontroller, like: ultra low power wake up, serial communications, nanowatt technology etc. The device can be used for different purposes. For example: measuring the content of a rain water....
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This describes my original design dual channel quantizer inspired by Chris List`s ARP Style CV Quantizer design. My new implementation is an intelligent design that exploits the programmability of a Microchip PIC16F84. It will quantize voltages in 1/12 volt....
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The notch filter can be added to just about any receiver to attenuate a single frequency by more Lhan 30 dB. This filter should be handy for reducing heterodynes and whistles. ..
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After some small loss of field magnets can be re-magnetized porcelain filled with homemade simple. Find a scrap of exchanges and contacts, and other models such as CJ10-60 ~ 15..
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The common wiring method had one side of the line cord going to a pin on the rectifier tube and the other side going to one terminal of the on/off switch. The other terminal of the on/off switch went to chassis. Suppose you plugged it in so the chassis was....
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Here`s a Tesla-coil secondary to try: Wind 750 turns of 24-gauge enameled magnet wire onto an 18 long piece of 1.9 outer-diameter PVC pipe. The large coil has an inductance of about 2800 mH, with a self-capacitance of about 20 pF. One end of the coil should....
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An analog input is a measurable electrical signal with a defined range that is generated by a sensor and received by a controller. The analog input changes continuously in a definable manner in relation to the measured property. The analog signals generated....
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Circuit PT2399 digital Echo Circuit schematics Circuit Electronics, Digital Echo Processor IC PT2399 is using CMOS technology in audio purposes. digital Echo Processor PT2399 is implementing the system in the process of ADC and DAC audio r....
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The DDC lines on HDMI connector side are 47KOhms 5V PU and 2KOhms 3. 3V PU on FPGA side. Our schematic look like this one: This glitch is part of the normal operation of the DDC buffer in the AD8195. The glitch only occurs on the rising edge of the....
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Hi folks, Hi slayer. this graph from Joseph Newman`s book should explain some things, though the energy increase is probably from other additional....
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The charging circuit stops automatically when the battery is fully charged. So you can leave the emergency light connected to AC mains overnight without any fear. The circuit can be divided into inverter and charger sections. The inverter section is built....
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IC3 acts as an oscillator which operates if the output of ICl is high. With the values used the two frequencies produced are about 800 Hz and 2500 Hz. The output is buffered by Ql which drives the speaker. The first IC is used to generate the tone duration....
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A simple low cost Infrared LED speedometer is described that can be fitted to a skateboard, longboard or even a bicycle to measure speed. Notes on building, setting-up and calibration are given. When used with a low cost data logger continuous measurements....
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Circuit principle: OV9650 processor interfaces include three parts SCCB interface, data output interface and control interface. SCCB interface to play the role of transfer prov..
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A four-channel programmable signal converter (PSC) that it said will enable complete four-channel signal processing and filtering in minutes. The QF4A512 PSC features a 16-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter with four differential or single ended....
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9-12V DC power applied to the control point A or point B, for amateur communication receiver IF amplifier, gives two different options. Power 455kHz, the bandwidth 500Hz, the f..
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The 30 watt amplifier circuit shown below provides an appropriate power boost with an input of 4 watt up to 6 watts. The circuit is designed to cover 88-108MHz FM Broadcast Band. However, the circuit is very stable at my place and provides a clean-output....
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The easy way to measure high AC currents is to use a clamp meter but these are generally quite expensive and cost several hundred dollars at a minimum. Add-on clampmeter adaptors can work well but they only work with digital multimeters which have millivolt....
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When the microphone detects a loud sound, this circuit will turn the LED on. The `charge-pump` section consists of the 100n, 10k, signal diode and uF....
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Car circuit used by the external voltage controlled amplification of wideband amplifiers lC (TL0216); so as to have the compression characteristics 2udB b: input circuit, resis..
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The Arduino GSM Shield connects your Arduino to the internet using the GPRS wireless network. Just plug this module onto your Arduino board, plug in a SIM card from an operator offering GPRS coverage and follow a few simple instructions to start controlling....
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The circuit in the diagram is a very handy tool for rapidly checking all kinds of thyristor (SCR, triac, ). In case of a triac, all four quadrants are te....
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FIG OCL power amplifier circuit is an integrated circuit. Circuit IC1 is an integrated circuit, its internal circuit configuration is substantially similar to the integrated ci..
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200W Lamp Flasher is used to flash lamps, bulbs and halogen lamp to give your product that attracting look...
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The control-circuit output current has to be amplified when the gate current required to trigger the device is higher than the control-circuit output current...
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This RF-circuit is operating at 7. 68MHz and 48V phantom power supplied. It is tested with a large diaphragm cardioid capsule from Ralf Falk, who himself is designing a LF tube microphone and with a small diaphragm capsule from a Sennheiser MKH415. (Do not....
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After each zero electromagnetic pickup has a sine wave input, as shown in the National Semiconductor LM2907 circuit will produce an output pulse, the circuit can be used for di..
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When I was recently debugging a design, I discovered that a short circuit existed from a ground plane to a power plane. I did not have access to a milliohmmeter or an equivalent tester for locating this type of short circuit. So, I logged onto the Internet....
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This tremolo effect circuit uses the XR2206 and the TCA730 IC which is designed as an electronic balance and volume regulator with frequency correction. The circuit is usefull for stereo channels and it also has the ability to simulate the Lesley effect aka....
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The following circuit shows about Photovoltaic Light Sensors In Solar Tracker. Features: accurate, low cost, simple, single axis electronic solar ....
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3V Battery powered, Beeps after a fixed minutes delay This circuit was developed since a number of visitors of this website requested a timer capable of e....
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The following circuit show about Circuit Diagram Of Motor Control Unit. This circuit based on the LM317 IC. Features:diodes protect the regulator, ....
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Hi everybody. I need H-bridge schematic for 230V 50Hz output from DC 350V, using 555 timer IC and mosfets....
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To avoid hum and interference in our high quality DAC we need to galvanically isolate him from a signal source and break potential unwanted ground loop. One possibility is to isolate DAC on input of the S/PDIF decoder with pulse transformer or connect him....
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This circuit shows an ICL7106 connected with a silicon transistor to form a digital thermometer. Direct connections between the ICL7106 and an LCD display are shown in Fig. 12-11B. A diode-connected silicon transistor has a temperature coefficient of about....
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In this circuit, Ul is a frequency converter that feeds the 455-kHz IF stage U2 and detector..
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Brushless DC motor control circuit MC33035 and MC33039 uses a combination of the control circuit is shown in Figure A typical brushless DC motor control circuit, which is mainl..
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All components arranged as in the picture sequence below. Current will flow starting from the sourcevoltage and to the switch. When the switch is closed current will flow through the diode, wherediode serves as a switch is closed because it was given forward....
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This article describes how to build a simple uC based delay circuit for photographic applications like drop or high speed photography. It can be used to control the trigger lag of cameras and flash units, generate a periodic trigger pulse or even control....
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Designed around the popular ZN414 IC this receiver covers the medium wave band band from approximately 550 to 1600 KHz with the values shown. The coil and tuning capacitor may be taken from an old MW radio to save time. The ZN414 IC, has now been replaced by....
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The hobby circuit below uses an unusual method to generate about 12, 000 volts with about 5uA of current. Two SCRs form two pulse generator circuits. The two SCRs discharge a 0. 047uF a 400v capacitor through a xenon lamp trigger coil at 120 times a second.....
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Here is a simple head phone amplifier circuit that can be used to drive your head phone if your music player doesn`t have enough power to drive your head phones. The circuit is straight forward and uses only three transistors. The transistor Q1 (BC 239) and....
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A typical SCR (silicon-controlled rectifier) requires a trigger current, which causes the SCR structure to latch on. Once the device latches, the current through the SCR is solely a function of external component values. The SCR has no inherent ability to....
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This circuit is a simple form of the commercial UPS, the circuit provides a constant regulated 5 Volt output and an unregulated 12 Volt supply. In the event of electrical supply line failure the battery takes over, with no spikes on the regulated supply...
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Incorporates heavy degenerative feedback in which small lamp is nonlinear compensating resistance. Provides constant output frequency and voltage for any supply between 12 and 32 V, at temperatures down to -20 °F. Frequency is determined by capacitors C and....
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This circuit compares a rectified input, f."!N, with a voltage that decays exponentially across a 4. 7-KO resistor and a ·o.Ol-I"F capacitor. Comparing the exponentially decaying voltage with the rectified input provides a peak-level indication that....
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I propose a simple CW decoder wich makes use of a PIC16F84 microprocessor with
a 16x2 chars LCD display. It is equipped with an audio frequency input from your receiver,
an input for a stright key and an audio output locked to the input signal. It....
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This is a 1 watt stereo audio amplifier circuit using IC TDA 7053 from Philips. It is particularly suited to battery operation, providing 1 watt per channel from only a 6V DC supply. It will operate best from 6 12 V DC and requires no heat-sink for normal....
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The principles of DC motors are covered in the beginner and intermediate sections of this tutorial. This section will cover the electronics needed to interface them to a Basic X microcontoller or other digital chip. The easiest way of controlling motors is....
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The Arduino Internet Gizmo consists of an Arduino, a RFID card reader, a bunch of LEDs and other components mounted in a recycled PC power supply case....
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This simple circuit will energize and de-energize a relay at the push of a button. Any type of momentary action push-to-make switch can be used. Pushing the button once - will energize the relay. And pushing it a second time - will de-energize the relay.....
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This evening as I came home from a paragliding appointment, I had a feeling that I must improve my yesterday-written RGB LED driver code. So I cleaned it up a bit, and wrote a lot of comments to make it more useful for educational purposes. I`m alredy over....
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Controller for Hybrid Power Plant block diagram of the HPP, comprised of 440 Wp photovoltaic modules, 1 kW wind turbine and 5 kW diesel engine as a back-up. HPP is a centralized PV and wind power generation plant, using battery to store the produced dc....
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Sense the amount of ambient light and switch the lights on when it was dark out. I was successful in building one on a bread board that used an lm324 (its the only comparator radioshack had) some resistors a trimmer resistor and a photocell. So I went and....
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This simple and inexpensive circuit can produce a dual (positive and negative) voltage from a single supply input. It is therefore extremely useful for powering opamp and other circuits that require a dual voltage from a single battery. The circuit will....
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Construction and operation of the brushless motor windings principle e Structure and working principle of the triangular coils As shown, through the switch, you can make the st..
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Interfacing high power load can be done in many ways, such as using voltage divider resistors, transformer, or optocoupler. In the circuit shown below, an optocoupler method is presented. This optocoupler serve the logic level translation with flexible....
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A distribution substation, is characterized by the apparent power of the transformer and whether it is aerial, terrestrial or underground..
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With this sound activated switch, control by sound may be very useful, not just on a robot but also for a bit of home automation, for example a sound-activ....
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To make a constant speed motor control we can use Closed loop (servo) control. Constant speed motor is a motor that has constant speed although the load is....
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The simple circuit in Figure 1a can sense both low and high current levels without low sensitivities or loss of accuracy either at the low or the high end of the scale. The circuit is useful for discerning either low or high currents in noisy environments...
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Adjustment potentiometer RPi, can change the thyristor VI, V2 conduction angle, that is changing the DC motor M speed. Speed feedback circuit is [by tachometer generator TG and potentiometer RP2 (to adjust the amount of feedback)], in fact, is now closed....
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The world is going nuts over the Raspberry Pi single-board computer (SBC) for being a whole system under $50. In reality though the Pi isn`t actually the cheapest computing device available. If you want really cheap how does $13. 50 sound for a mini computer....
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This is a 220V LED flasher circuit which is intended as a reliable replacement to thermally-activated switches used for Christmas tree lamp-flashing. This a cheap circuit and easy to build. R1_ 100K R2, R5_ 1K R3, R6_ 470R R4_ 12K C1_ 1000 F 25V D1-D4_....
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This is the schematic diagram of 300W power inverter circuit. The inverter uses power transistor MJ15003 for final amplification. You may replace the MJ15003 with 2N3773 if you have difficulty to find MJ15003 transistor. The inverter will convert 24VDC to....
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These are two - easy to build - relay-based alarms. You can use them to protect your motorcycle - but they have many more applications. If you use relays with 6-volt coils - they`ll protect your "Classic Bike". Both alarms are very small. The completed....