Popular Circuits Page 78
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Using the STK4038X audio amplifier IC, can be designed a very simple high power and efficiency audio power amplifier . This circuit is manufactured by Sanyo Corporation and will provide a output power of 60 watts on a 8 ohms load or 4 ohms load with 0.008%....
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The circuit is placed parallel with the exit of power amplifier and us gives the level of signal ,from output. Changing resistance R1, in the input circuit, we adapt the indication of power, in the resistance of loudspeaker, that we use.
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Multi-spark ignition is very useful especially in the case of startings at low temperature and at low rpm range. Basic idea, is to apply to spark plugs instead of only one spark, a spark-burst” having big energy. In this case, combustion of air/fuel mixture....
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Variable gain amplifier Shown is a variable gain amplifier. For fixing the input signal, the output signal amplitude of the controllable amplifier circuit...
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The MAX6953 from Dallas Maxim is a compact cathode-row display driver that interfaces a microprocessor (like PIC or AVR) to four 5x7 dot matrix LED display trough an I2C compatible serial interface. The chip includes some features that can help us to handle....
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This circuit was developed to charge the Lithium-Polymer cells used in a model aircraft. Lithium-Polymer cells are incredibly lightweight compared to Ni-cad battery packs of the same voltage and amp-hour rating. Their only drawback is that they require a....
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The linear power supply, shown in the schematic, provides 0-30 volts, at 1 amp, maximum, using a discrete transistor regulator with op-amp feedback to control the output voltage. The supply was constructed in 1975 and has a constant current mode that is used....
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The MPF102 (Q1) can be replaced with a NTE451 or ECG451, but still widely available. JFET-N-CHAN, UHF/VHF AMP. The 2N3565 (Q1/Q2) can be replace with a 2N2222(A), BC107, BC108, BC109(A/B/C), NTE123A, or ECG123A. The TIP31 (Q3) can be replaced with a NTE196....
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This calculator computes the resistors and capacitors for a NE555 timer chip, which has been configured as a astable multivibrator (oscillator), or square wave generator. Just enter in the duty cycle and the frequency and the calculator will compute....
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The PLL transmitter exciter has the functions of providing a stable, low noise, frequency-selectable RF signal and amplify it to a controllable output power sufficient to drive the power amplifier. It uses a PLL frequency synthesizer built with MC145151,....
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When power is applied, the thermistor, a negative tc device, is at a high value. A1 saturates positive. This forces the LT3525A switching regulator"s output low, biasing Ql. As the heater warms, the thermistor"s value decreases. When itsinputs finally....
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You can make an LCD show a brief moving message by interfacing it to a microcontroller. Here`s an AVR-based moving-message display that uses a 16G—2 LCD display incorporating HD44780. The 16G—2 LCD can display 16 characters per line and there are two such....
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The past experiences was pretty difficult, because the car horns have an inductive charge and it takes 12A and peak may be at 20 or 30A. The current electronic system is not reliable at all. It`s a lot of intensity. I need to dissipate 240W => 0. 3 x 240 =....
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Circuit shown in Figure 3-161. Figure, the first stage starting current detection by the current relay KIi Ri in series with the second stage starting current relay KI2 detecte..
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This electronic speed control (ESC) for brushed motors combines the features of two of my earlier designs. One was a high-rate 30A ESC with a brake, and the other a high-rate 12A ESC with a BEC (receiver battery eliminator circuit)...
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Inverting amplifier using opamp. Equations for voltage gain and output voltage, input and output waveforms, practical inverting amplifier circuit using 741 IC etc....
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Many a times one needs an extra telephone ringer in an ad joining room to know if there is an incoming call. For example, if the telephone is installed in the drawing room you may need an extra ringer in the bedroom. All that needs to be done is to connect....
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2 x 18W Hi-Fi Stereo Power Amplifier based around two TDA2030 ICs. It has good input sensitivity, low distortion, good operating stability and full protection against overloads and output short-circuits. It can be used as a booster amplifier for existing....
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Eight-channel isolated as shown in Fig constituted by ISO120 and PWS740 0 ~ 20mA current loop circuit. FIG drawn only one channel, circuit 0 ~ 5V input voltage into a current o..
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This simple circuit that can be used to flash incandescent lamps up to 10W power rating. The circuit is ideal for making flashing beacons on automobiles and other applications like that. The circuit is nothing but an astable multi vibrator based on Q1&Q2 (....
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Light-Operated Ring Circuit Average telephone ring circuit is composed of KA2401 and peripheral components. When adding light-operated ring circuit, just connects the part X in picture a with light-operated circuit in picture b. When there is input of AC....
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If you use different batteries with actual capacity, with different self-discharge rate of batteries from different manufacturers, you will perhaps throw further described charger. Because each cell can be discharged separately recharge, can be charged with....
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The 8-pin 555 timer must be one of the most useful ICs ever made and it is used in many projects. With just a few external components it can be used to build many circuits, not all of them involve timing! A popular version is the NE555 and this is suitable....
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The following circuit shows about Bass-treble Tone Control Circuit electronic circuit diagram. This circuit based on the LM1035N IC. Features: 0. 3 Vrms input level, 80 dB Signal noise, 75 dB volume control, ±15 dB typical Tone Control, 75 dB Channel....
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12VDC to 37V DC converter by SG3524 Hello there!! How are you doing? When my friend of I wants DC to DC converter circuit +37V GND -37V sizes use an....
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The example below illustrates using an op-amp as an audio amplifier for a simple intercom. A small 8 ohm speaker is used as a microphone which is coupled to the op-amp input through a 0.1uF capacitor. The speaker is sensitive to low frequencies and the small....
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120V galvanic acupuncture salmon RI. Ma wind down a wind rectification, DZ limit irrigation to obtain the amplitude of 24V sad ioci {zr // ia Tsui, hook punch lung trigger circ..
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One Foot Spot Welder circuit The circuit uses IC CD4541 A precise delay characteristics, to achieve through welding electrical time constant, which can ensure the welding quality when welding the same weldment...
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The design goals of this circuit were efficiency, simplicity, reliability and the use of field replaceable parts. A medium power solar system can be built with the SCC3, a 12V (nominal) solar panel that is rated from 100 milliamps to 20 amps, and a lead acid....
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Two low voltage, low power zeners are used to control electronically the level of an audio signal. The attenuation range is from 6 to 58dB for an input current from 0.042 to 77mA corresponding to a control voltage from 2.7 to 7.5V. If control voltage is....
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Below is the circuit I`m working with; I plan on having the infrared phototransistor pairs inserted in 3 locations in the middle of the maze, including the end point. The width of the maze will be small enough for one finger to be able to slide in it, and as....
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The number of the pulses of the input can be confirmed by seeing it with the eyes by putting the light-emitting diode to the output of the counter ....
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The following describes the design, construction, operation and use of the DECUS divider module. Photo 2 shows a top view of the module and Photo 3 shows the bottom. The primary use of the module is to condition the 10 megahertz (MHz) signal from a rubidium....
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You can build an automatic gain control AGC for the superhet receiver with only a few additional components. The first AGC circuit is more universal. It is suitable for audio amplifiers with dual op amps like TL072, TL082, NE5532 and the broadband amp NE592....
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This circuit, adds a power-down function to analog I/O ports (for example, the AD7769 and AD7774). Moreover, the diodes ordinarily needed to protect the devices against power-supply mis-sequencing can be eliminated (see the figure).In the circuit, MOSFETs....
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The driver files are located in the Si570AVR-USB-Driver folder inside the zip. Extract them into a new directory, and connect the RX board`s USB cable to a USB port. When prompted for the driver location, navigate to the extracted files and let windows....
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Here is a simple circuit to protect your Telephone, EPBAX, Telephone Modem etc from lightning discharge or line spikes. It uses a safety capacitor and Gas....
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6 shows the static display circuit. Figure, 74LS244 as bus drivers, six figures show a public bus, each with an LED display martyrdom latch (such as 74LS273) connected to the code for latching display data to be displayed. Data is displayed on behalf of..
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Most mobile chargers do not have current/voltage regulation or short-circuit protection. These chargers provide raw 6-12V DC for charging the battery pack. Most of the mobile phone battery packs have a rating of 3. 6V, 650mAh. For increasing the life of the....
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Wireless FM Transmitter. The site has some explanation on how the circuit works, however I`m not sure about a few things, including the electret mic & how the frequency modulation takes place. The electret microphone has a current of 200uA which changes by....
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The I2C bus uses a bi-directional Serial Clock Line [SCL] and Serial Data Lines [SDA]. Both the SCL and SDA lines are pulled high via an Rp resistor. Resistor Rs is optional, and used for ESD protection for `Hot-Swap` devices. No other lines are specified.....
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This logic probe can be selected to operate on TTL or CMOS logic levels, depending on switch S1. A string of resistors associated with switch S1 sets the threshold levels for a window comparator comprising IC1a and IC1b. Depending on whether the level....
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This application report presents one possible solution to the telecom plug-in power problem, based on a nominal 48 Vdc system bus and a module needing two low-voltage supply outputs. The material includes a detailed design methodology for tailoring the....
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This circuit provides a visual 9 second delay using a 7 segment digital readout LED. When the switch is closed, the CD4010 up/down counter is preset to 9 and the 555 timer is disabled with the output held high. When the switch is opened, the timer produces....
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Wind 6 turns of solid wire on a pen or pencil that is just under 1/2 inch in diameter. Remove the wire from the pencil and spread the winding to make a length of 3/4 inch. Solder C2 somewhere near the middle of the coil...
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Some lovers of High Fidelity headphone listening prefer the use of battery powered headphone amplifiers, not only for portable units but also for home "table" applications. This design is intended to fulfill their needs. An improved output driving capability....
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Feature of an offered frequency meter that he besides the main function allows to define inductance of various coils, resonant frequency of contours, capacity of condensers. The combined device which schematic diagram is shown on fig. 1 becomes the good....
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This circuit is of an 2x 2,500W RMS stereo amplifier, super-light and without switching-mode power supply. The circuit just shows a channel, and the power supply that it assists to the two channels. The audio circuit should be duplicated, but the power....
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This project can be used for many different purposes. Probably the most used application would be to interface to any electronic project that requires a keypad. There are several ready made keypads on the market, but those work with matrix connections and....
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I n this circuit, the alarm will be switched on under the following four different conditions: 1. When light falls on LDR1 (at the entry to the premises). 2. When light falling on LDR2 is obstructed. 3. When door switches are opened or a wire is broken. 4.....
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The LV2283VB is an FM Transmitter IC. MPX block makes stereo modulated, composite signal from L and R sound 2 inputs. RF VCO includes FM modulation function. PLL synthesizer determines RF output frequency with I C control. By Sanyo Semiconductor Corporation ..
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The LED flasher circuits below operate on a single 1.5 volt battery. The circuit on the upper right uses the popular LM3909 LED flasher IC and requires only a timing capacitor and LED....
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This technique uses digital I/O pins to multiplex analog voltages into an analog input on the microcontroller. The method is most suitable for signals that do not need to be sampled frequently and it may be extended to accommodate a large number of inputs,....
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This sound-operated switch will sense the ring of the phone and translate this to a lamp that will go on and off. The..
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As shown using a cheap CD4060 and 32768Hz crystal to produce highly accurate output 60 pulses per second clock source. The principle is 32768Hz pulse after CD4060 divider output..
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Capacitor filter is adopted frequency control circuit commonly used anti-jamming measures. (1) frequency interference clamor of wiring in the cable core wire 4-20mA control plu..
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The voltage to be measured is digitized in an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter and then displayed in three decimal d..
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Often government data sets available to us online are taken from major nearby metropolitan areas or infrastructural centers. With an easy to follow introduction to new softwares and technologies the urban sensor kit allows anyone to obtain location....
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This project was a sort of challenge: designing an audio amplifier capable of delivering a decent output power with a minimum parts count, without sacrificing quality. The Power Amplifier section employs only three transistors and a handful of resistors and....
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A popular project among microcontroller aficionados is to build a radio-controlled clock. Tiny receiver boards are available, with a pre-adjusted ferrite antenna, that receive and demodula..
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This circuit is not fun to look at nor is it fun to implement, it takes a bit of effort. Since there are two coils in our stepper motor we`ll use two LMD18245`s to control the current flow through the coils. It is important to note that there are motor....
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These relatively simple circuits can be used to transmit information across a small distance. The "information" I normally use is music from a radio, iPod or CD player - you could also try a microphone and amplifier. People transmit information all the time....
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The TV transmitter given here uses UK standard 1 FM modulation for sound and PAL for video modulation. The audio signal to be modulated is pre-amplified using the transistor Q1 and associated components. The transistor Q2 has two jobs: production of carrier....
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LDR1, a cadmium sulphide (CDS) photoresistive cell is used as the lower leg of a voltage divider between Vcc and ground. The timer terminals 2 and 6 are connected to the junction of the photocell and SENSITIVITY control Rl. The resistance of the....
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The joule thief is an electronic circuit that allows you to make use of batteries normally considered dead. A battery is often considered "dead" when it can`t power a particular device. But what`s really happening is that the battery voltage is no longer....
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Function: step down the antenna impedance from ‘high to to 50? and not, as would be expected, to effect a change from balanced to unbalanced. Component: ....
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Amplitude separation circuit A typical amplitude separating circuit shown in Figure 1. It is composed of a transistor and a capacitance C, resistance RB, RC constituted. After ..
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There are basically two systems of pneumatic central locking on Audis of the vintage that I deal with - the earlier cars are controlled by the drivers door lock, and the later ones by both front door locks. The early ones (5000/100/200 before 1984,....
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This is a circuit that used to main pulse. The pulser is intended to switch the mains voltage on and off at intervals between just under a second and up to 10 minutes. This is useful, for instance, when a mains-operated equipment is to be tested for long....
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The remaining equipment is installed at the train layout`s computer interface. The interface I used here is a Lenz LI100F configured to communicate at 9600bps. Both the LI100F and the XBee Explorer serial are configured as DCE (Data Communications Equipment)....
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An increasing number of appliances draw a very small current from the power supply. If you need to design a mains powered device, you could generally choose between a linear and a switch-mode power supply. However, what if the appliance`s total power....
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This circuit shows how to use an ordinary LED as a light sensor. It makes use of the photovoltaic voltage developed across the LED when it is exposed to light. LEDs are cheaper than photodiodes and come with a built-in filter, which is useful when the....
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A simple photo switch circuit using NE 555 IC with diagram and schematic.This photo switch ons a relay when light intensity crosses limit.A light sensor circuit for home and industrial purpose....
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Here is a handy gadget for test- ing of infrared (IR) based re- mote control transmitters used for TVs and VCRs etc. The IR signals from a remote control transmitter are sensed by the IR sensor module in the tester and its output at pin 2 goes low. This in....
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I/O board adds 16-bit resolution Volt Analog inputs, 16-bit resolution volt analog outputs, and 4-20mA current loop transmitter and receiver to microcontroller. Amplifier circuits and schematics are discussed. Signal conditioning variable gain amplifier,....
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Common non-sinusoidal oscillator circuit, waveform and frequency formula - pulse wave oscillator - single-junction transistor blocking oscillator ..
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This function generator, with an adjustment range in excess of 1,000,000 to 1, uses a CA3160 BiMOS op amp as a voltage follower, a CA3080 OTA as a high-speed comparator, and a CA3080 as a programmable- current source. Three variable capacitors, C1, C2, and....
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This luggage or bike alarm can be used while travelling by trains or bus and we generally lock our luggage using a chain-and-lock arrangement. But, still w....
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A 10 MHz crystal is typically 4 ohms at its series resonance and 40 kiloohms at its parallell resonance. To get low sideband noise the power dissipated in the crystal has to be reasonably large, the design used here dissipates 0. 2mW in the crystal, 7mA and....
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As shown, a diode as a temperature sensor application circuit. Circuits, silicon diodes VD1 and VD2 as a temperature sensor, a temperature coefficient of silicon diode ZmV/. A1..
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Many subwoofer low-pass filter circuit , this is just another. Circuit given here are based on discharge from ST Microelectronics shipped TL062. TL062 is a dual high input impedance J - FET operational amplifier with very low power..
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2x22 W car audio amplifier circuit uses TDA1558, a monolithic integrated class-B Output power amplifier contains 4x11W single-ended or 2 x 22 W BTL amplifiers..
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Distributed power systems are prevalent in telecommunications, networking, and high-end server applications and utilize a 48 V bus voltage adopted from the telecom industry. From the 48 V bus, a number of isolated point of load (POL) converters power the end....
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The grain measures the main technical indicator of grain quality to includes miscellaneous rate and volume density, not only determine grade and price of the grain, but also know direct influence it processes quality and edible quality. And stipulate the....
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Similar to the two transistor solid state Tesla Coil already on this site, this solid state Tesla Coil design uses a normal flyback transformer to generate it`s high voltage output. Unlike the other circuit, this one does not use two huge power transistors....