Top Circuits Page 111
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Here is our robotic project; Robotrex. A robotic dinosaur. Its name comes from the words "Robot" and "tyrosaurus-Rex". Inspired from our older projects "Bigfoot" and "the Goggles", this project was built specially for our endtas. com fair stand in 2004 Izmir....
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I built these small diaphragm condenser mics as a project for an Electronics III class. The circuit layout and design of the microphones are based on DIY microphone projects by Scott Helmke (the ""Alice"" mic) and Stefan Avalos` small cardioids. The circuit....
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Rasbian on the Raspberry Pi is great, but the official image is large and includes all sorts of stuff I don`t need (my Pis don`t generally have screens as I use them for playing music, or being GPS NTP time servers, or collecting data on my power usage not....
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Mechanical 12 Volt DC automotive relays are used throughout the car audio industry to turn on amplifiers, lock doors, roll ‘up windows, etc. However, there is another way to activate such loads, and that way is to use solid state switches. Why would anyone....
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Tug Of War is a game that I made on an FPGA. The digital circuit was created using Verilog. It is a FSM (Finite State Machine)...
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I have only been actively involved with garden railroading for a little over one year but have found it to be a wonderful way to use the skills and interests that I have developed over the years in other hobbies. For example, I used my love of woodworking to....
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For an upcoming project I needed a pneumatic ram with a closed loop control system so I could position it accurately. Didn`t have the budget for an off the shelf solution, so I bodged one together with an ardunio, a couple air solenoid valves, and a pair of....
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Because of the high voltages found in a Charge & Primary sections it seems natural to look for cable with high voltage ratings, such as neon sign cable, medical X-ray equipment cable & car engine spark plug leads. The first two would be fine for connecting....
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While doing some background reading about the Philips I2C bus I came across an application note written by Herman Schutte (of Philips Semiconductors Systems Laboratory in Eindhoven). Mr. Schutte described an elegant mechanism for interfacing sections of....
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How to make a combined / dual serial and USB cable for the Nikon Coolpix 990 (e990) camera...
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A Dual Inline Package, or DIP switch can be used to select between 0 and 5 volts at some point in a circuit. Since the dip switch does not have any power or ground connectors this must be done externally. When the switch is turned on (in the "closed"....
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As the title indicates the goal of the project was to develop a parking lot management system. In this project we had reduced our project into 5 design phases. In order to acheive the goal, we encountered with some problems and we made progress compared to....
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We are planning to use a Programmable Logic Device to control our seven-segment displays. This will be accomplished by using the 8 outputs from the Analog to Digital converter as the inputs to the PLD, and by having the PLD generate 14 outputs to drive the 7....
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I`ve been putting in a lot of extra hours at work the last week in anticipation of an editing deadline. Despite this, I thought it was about time that I attempt a little hardware hacking. Even before computers, I was facinated by electronics. I read book....
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I needed a couple of AA batteries and found the display at the supermarket where they were all arrayed. Normally when I`m shopping in the supermarket, I tend to look at the price/kg or price/l when comparing similar products. In the case of the batteries,....
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With a magnetic compass ensure that both pickups have a South polarity on the top of the pickup. Verify by reading a North polarity on the bottom of the pickup. You might rarely find both pickups with a North polarity on top. If you find one pickup with....
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Detection systems are a key component of any imaging system, and an understanding of their properties is important for establishing appropriate operating criteria or designing schemes for obtaining quantitative information. In this section scintillation....
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Time to learn by example. This tutorial will take you through all steps in creating a discrete sound emulation for Phoenix. You will learn how to interface the discrete sound code to the driver, and how the schematic is transcribed into discrete code. With....
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The MOC303XM and MOC304XM devices consist of a AlGaAs infrared emitting diode optically coupled to a monolithic silicon detector performing the function of a zero voltage crossing bilateral triac driver. MOC3041. They are designed for use with a triac in the....
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To create the two laser guns for our game, we wanted to mount red lasers into some kind of modifiable toy guns that players could hold and shoot with. Fortunately, we found small red lasers from Fry`s that the target photocells can consistently successfully....
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This circuit is used to sense the insertion of a penny. Before the penny is inserted, current is flowing through the detector (transistor) side of the optointerruptor, and Port M5 is HI. When the penny blocks the optointerruptor, Port M5 goes low. The hex....
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Because of the power restrictions, our design options for the flippers were limited. Normally, pinball machines use linear solenoids, which at 12 V and 3 A are pathetic. On the other hand, DC, servo or stepper motors would be challenging to use. In order to....
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The diagram below illustrates the high level connections required to drive a single 7-segment display on the scoreboard. The below circuit was repeated 4 times - once for each of the four 7-segment LED displays. Each circuit takes a single data line as its....
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Our strategy was based on our ability to traverse complex, tape ridden terrain in the most efficient way possible: with superior speed. Even though we only went for goal #1, which was the lowest scoring goal, by acting quickly and finishing the game early,....
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All of our electronic circuits were originally constructed on breadboards. Once the circuits were working, we soldered them on perfboards to give us a more robust system. We created a power board which stacked two batteries in series. This gave us access to....
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The measured resistance of door lock motor was about 2 ohm. Therefore, supplying 5V, the current becomes 5v/2ohm= 2. 5A. Regarding that the peak output current of L293B is 2A, the current flowing inside the motor is slightly over 2A, but it does not occur....
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You can save on your electricity bills by switching to alternative sources of power. The photovoltaic module or solar panel described here is capable of delivering a power of 5 watts. At full sunlight, the solar panel outputs 16.5V. It can deliver a current....
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What is a circuit breaker? When do I need an ac power line filter or a phone line filter; How do I design a noise filter; Can I build a homemade surge protection? The following circuit protection can provide several protections you can experiment yourself at....
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The HCS12 series of microcontrollers does not support dedicated internal digital-to-analogue conversion hardware, and thus external hardware, perhaps in the form of a digital-to-analogue conversion IC...
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The main area for application of brushless direct current motors (BLDC) is positioning..
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A car door differs from a calculator or a phone in that it makes sense to press more than one key at a time..
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The FAN2001/2 (datasheet) Evaluation Board is a compact circuit including either the FAN2001 MPX or the FAN2002 MPX in a 3x3 MLP package..
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The FAN5607 Evaluation Board is a compact circuit including the FAN5607 HMPX in a 4x4 MLP package and two 4.7uF capacitors which can provide stable input/output current for up to four of Fairchild s super bright white LEDs...
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This chapter deals with the operation and circuitry of transistor oscillators. In general, these fall into two categories: the feedback (or vacuum tube equivalent) types, and the negative-resistance (or current multiplying) type. Transistor oscillators are....
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This article describes the proposed solution for a 200 W Power Supply using the FSFR2100 Fairchild Power Switch (FPS). The input voltage range is 90 265 VRMS and there are six outputs with...
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This article shows how to implement a system that can measure arterial blood pressure values..
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This article explains how to design a stepper motor system using an 8-bit Freescale microcontroller - MC68HC11E9..
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The two optical sensors will give person count to the microcontroller and microcontroller will give this value to MCU-II. The microcontroller will sense the entrance of any person from high to low pulse on input pins (A3 and A4)..
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IperCODE is a didactic project, with which it is possible to build a remote control acquisition system, based on the rolling code and to have the possibility to transmit the received code on RS232 serial port, to visualize it on the 16X2 display or to....
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The LM3445 (datasheet) is an adaptive constant off-time AC/DC buck (step-down) constant current controller designed to be compatible with triac dimmers..
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A high brightness LED evaluation board has been developed using the Fairchild Semiconductor FAN7554D PWM controller..
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OpenAVL is an AVL (Automatic Vehicle Location)open source project.The OpenAVL is one of my on-going open source projects. This project is written in ANSI C. The prototype board is made up of a low cost GSM M2M module (MC39i) from Siemens/Cinterion, a GPS OEM....
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SINCLAIR is a one channel PHONE DIALER, able to send, on the commuted phone line, the alarm messages previously recorded to the NOT volatile DAST memory, to the set numbers, previously saved on the NOT volatile EEPROM memory..
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One of the most unfortunate features of the usual portable Geiger counter is the short life of the expensive high-voltage batteries..
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Transistors are finding new and ever-increasing uses. Some of the circuits in which transistors are being applied are well-known through prior employment in conjunction with vacuum tubes. The applications shown in the chapters which follow illustrate some of....
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A battery is a low-impedence source of power. It is most efficient and economical when supplying low voltage at high current..
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This reference design converts 90V AC to 135V AC input, and drives seven, or eight series connected LED s from 300 to 600 mA average current. The LM3445 switching frequency is set at a nominal 225 kHz. This is a four layer board using the bottom and top....
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UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) Reference Design provides a ready-made uninterruptible power supply solution with the flexibility of a microcontroller - PIC17C43 that offers a low cost solution and high performance not found in other microcontrollers. The....
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This circuit is a simple dual simplex to half-duplex driver for 1-wire devices, although it does not work with all of them, because some draw too much current. It was designed and tested for DS18B20+ 1-wire digital thermometer. The parasite power only....
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Following a highly successful Kickstarter project and over a year of development, HexBright, billed by its creator as the world`s first open source Arduino flashlight, is now in production with initial shipments planned for December. HexBright, which we....
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So you`re either revved up about building one of these for yourself or you`re just reading on because you`ve nothing better to do. I can understand that. So let`s begin with a set of schematics: Don`t be confused by this - it`s your basic 555 timer....
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A digital micro-ohm meter is necessary to verify the condition of shunts used in the Electrochemical Analysis & Diagnostics Laboratory (EADL) at Argonne National Laboratories. A shunt is basically a small resistor. They are used to measure current. The....
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Laboratory power supply is characterized by its wide adjustable voltage range and its robustness. Continuous voltage adjustment is necessary, as well as current limiter for safety and robustness. You can build suitable one using LM10 op-amp and voltage....
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This handy prescaler divides input frequency by 1000. It takes maximum input frequency of 3. 5GHz and converts it into 3. 5MHz that may be measured using standard frequency meter...
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Circuit diagram is a very simple circuit-level indication, with 10 Led. Used a series of half-wave rectification of precision around IC2 TL071, with a single. LM3915 IC is used to control the led, as an indicator VU Meter. LM3915 can be controlled 10 led.....
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This is the 100W DC inverter build based transistored multivibrator as well as transistor signal amplifier. The inverter will convert 12V DC voltage in the input and increase the voltage level to become about 220V AC. 12V car battery is recomended to be used....
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Here the schematic diagram of 100W Inverter Circuit which will convert 12VDC input to be 220VAC output. The circuit built based IC CD4047 to generate sine wave signal 50Hz and then the power transistor 2N3055 will boost the signal so that the signal have....
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This is a simple low-cost 50W off-line switching power supply, which can be used for home projects or to learn operation of flyback converters. It can work over a universal AC line input range 90-264 VAC and provides a 12VDC output at more then 4A load. Line....
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The following circuit diagram is the battery charger for your 12V car battery. Unlike other battery chargers, this circuit featured overcharging protection which automatically disconnect the charging circuit. Most car battery chargers are simple devices that....
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This is the circuit diagram of DC voltage doubler / DC converter. The circuit will convert 12VDC power supply to become a 24VDC at and 18VDC. Almost any PNP or NPN power transistors should be work for this circuit...
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This is a low-cost project for 20 or 40 watt fluorescent tubes. However the most efficient is to use a 40 watt tube (or two 20 watt tubes in series). It`s a circuit you can put together from junk box components or build from a kit. It`s very simple to build....
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This voltage regulator circuit can deliver up to 3A at 12V output voltage. The circuit can be employed on occasions when a current of more that 3A is demanded for regulator. IC regulators of such high current rating are pretty hard to find. The transformer....
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This circuit is a circuit diagram 12V inverter is very easy to build, cheap components that many electronics hobbyists may even already have. Though it is possible to build a more powerful circuit, the complexity caused by the very heavy currents to be....
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This Low Dropout Voltage (LDO) solar charge controller uses a simple differential amplifier and series P channel MOSFET linear regulator ”their compatibility seems like a marriage made in heaven. Voltage output is adjustable. It is mainly intended for....
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Today a close friend visits tell want Dry cell lead acid battery charger circuit 12V 7. 5hA sizes. In model to are simple and economize with. I then advise this circuit try build see. By use the integrated circuit voltage regulator the number is highly....
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DC To DC Converter circuit used to be an convert voltage DC to DC with different concepts. DC to DC converter circuit +12 V to + /-20V is working to change the battery voltage from 12V DC to 20V DC voltage symmetrical. DC to DC converter circuit is often....
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Today I has 12V to 5V 3A DC converter step down Regulator circuit come to deposit. In sometimes friends have power supply 12V 3A, but want Voltage 5V 3A for digital Circuit. This circuit can meet the demand of friends get, by it uses normal electronic part....
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The following alarm circuit is designed with features which maybe suited for residential and commercial alarm system applications. It has 12V and 1. 5A regulated power supply. Furthermore, this residential alarm circuit also features such delay circuit,....
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The following circuit is a cheap completely transistorised inverter circuit ideal for driving medium loads with the order of 40 to 60 watts working with battery of 12V, 15 Ah or larger power capacity. Transistors T1 and T2 (BC548) make a 50Hz multivibrator.....
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This is the schematic diagram of 15W inverter circuit. The circuit is based PNP power transistor such us TIP32 and other similar transistors. This inverter is producing square wave, there may be some noticeable hum on audio units which powered using this....
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This circuit is connected directly to a 220V home electrical installations. LOAD on the schematic diagram above, is an electronic device with 220V AC current consumption...
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A light-emitting-diode lamp is a solid-state lamp that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the source of light. The Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are an attractive, economical and convenient option for lighting applications. Available in a wide variety of....
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This low-power 25 watt power inverter circuit which makes use of only 9 electronic parts. The inverter turns 10V to 16V DC input into 60Hz, 115V square-wave power output to operate AC electronic devices approximately 25W. The very first section of the 556....
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Figure A is the schematic of the microstrip single stage RF amplifier. The amplifier is based on the M/A-Com LF2810A MOSFET. The transistor is actually a 10 watt, 28 volt part, but provides adequate gain for this application at 12 VDC. The amplifier provides....
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12v to 220v inverter circuit diagram, 24v inverter circuit, 24v to 220v inverter, 24vdc to 220vdc, 300w inverter, 300w inverter circuit diagram, Inverter, inverter 24v to 220v, inverter circuit, inverter dc to ac, power electronic..
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Here are some 3V to 9V DC converter circuits that were requested by some of our visitors. It may be helpful to have one of this converters when no 9V battery is available or if you consider that they are too expensive. The first circuit is very simple, it....
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To provide rapid motor speed changes and motor direction reversal, four outputs drive a MOSFET H-bridge. N-channel devices are the lower rail power MOSFETs and P-channels are the upper MOSFETs. All of them are driven by the TC4469. A small series resistor....
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Many integrated circuits have undocumented features or abilities. This is one of them. The TLC555 output (pin 3) can sink a 100mA load to 1. 28V. The open drain transistor reset (pin 7) can sink 100mA to 1V. Tying both lines together is permissible because....
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These novel relay driver circuits have the ability to pick up a relay with a coil voltage rating equal to double Vcc. After pickup, the relay armature is held via the application of Vcc. Under this condition, the coil power is reduced by the square of the....
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One of the simplest method of metal detecting is by beat frequency oscillator. Basically, the circuit consist of two balanced oscillator. One oscillator provides the reference signal, and other oscillator is acting as the detector element. The reference....
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This circuit is a circuit that sounds a siren-like sound of ambulance sirens. This circuit is different to an ambulance siren circuit generally, is to use transistors instead of IC 555. Which allows economical and easy to tailor a network. Operation of the....
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The second circuit simulates the siren of an American police car. It uses two 555 timers in the circuit. The 555 on the right is wired as an alarm tone generator and the second 555 timer on the left is wired as a low frequency astable timer which generates a....
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This be battery charger the automatic circuit again interesting circuit. Because of use IC LM324 then make economize. And can charger get both of battery 12V sizes and 6V with the filtration that at S1. Certainly circuit this still base property be when....
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This is an automatic light dimmer circuit. You do not need to dim the lights by yourself. It is so very convenient, because we use the LDR to detect external light. To control the Triac, and the brightness of the lamp next. Suppose low light so there is....
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Terminology TS555 a single CMOS timer which offers very low power consumption and high frequency where the timing remains very accurate in monostable or astable mode while providing reduced supply current spikes during output transitions, which enables the....
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Here, S1 and S2 are normally open, push to close, press button switches. The diodes can be red or green and are there only to indicate direction. You may need to alter the TIP31 transistors depending on the motor being used. Remember, running under load....
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The heart of the circuit is the two transistor flasher with frequency modulation applied to the base of the first transistor. When the pushbutton is depressed, the frequency of oscillation climbs to a peak and when the button is released, the frequency....
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A very simple and low cost frequency to voltage converter based on the TC9400 IC from Microchip is shown here. TC9400 can be either wired as a voltage to frequency converter or frequency to voltage converter and it requires minimum external components. The....
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This heatsink temperature monitor circuit signals via 3 LEDs when the temperature exceeds 2 boundary levels. When the heatsink temperature is below 50 60oC (122 140oF) the greed LED lights. The yellow one signals that the temperature is within 60 and 70oC....
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This is a simple siren sound that high power output and very noisy. ICs, Digital ICs are easy to use number CD4046 Inverter circuit and four transistor power increase current out to horn speaker 20 watt 4ohm 8ohm. Operation of the circuit when the circuit is....
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When the light falls on the LDR, it becomes low ohmic. The voltage at the junction of LDR/R2 charges the C2 via the R1 slowly. After about 10 seconds, the capacitor voltage reaches the input threshold of U1. Then U1 generates a square wave signal with a....
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The original smoke alarm circuit has some problems and has left some hobbyists and students disappointed. Rather than to attempt to solve its many problems, I have created an update that uses the venerable LM741 op amp. It is simpler, more conventional,....
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It relies on the smoke that is produced in the event of a fire and passes between a bulb and an LDR, the amount of light falling on the LDR decreases. This type of circuit is called optical smoke detector. Do not use it as a home smoke detector it`s jus for....
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This device is designed to be a simple, inexpensive comparator`, intended for use in a solar cell power supply setup where a quick too low` or just right` voltage indicator is needed. The circuit consists only of one 5V regulator, two transistors, two LEDs,....
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A step-down circuit used to approximately divide by two the rms voltage between the line input and the inductive load (L1) is shown on circuit diagram below. A turn-on delay of approximately 7 ms is provided by C2 and R3. We can discharge C2 at each line....
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The following circuit was designed by me in response to the request sent by PP. The article describes an LED emergency light circuit with advanced features such as, over charge battery cut off, day time auto-disable, and need less to say that the circuit....