Top Circuits Page 135
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This is an application of what`s known as "random fire" technique for full phase control. The term random iskind ofmisleading. Dimming cannot be effected bytriggering the gateindiscriminately;triggering (firing)must be done synchronised with the line....
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It is possible to add bus masters to the system, but a different bus architecture would be required, since the Integrator/CP uses the AHB-Lite bus protocol, which allows only one bus master (the ARM CPU core). One way to add bus masters in a Logic Tile would....
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This is a design circuit diagram of a moderate power FM transmitter circuit. This circuit is built operation by two transistors. This is a figure of complete circuit. Operation of this circuit is explain as the voice signals picked by the microphone will be....
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This circuit is designed as a pocket sized high performance audio oscillator. This circuit can operated using battery operated version was possible and could be made at very low cost as well by using one quad op-amp to provide the entire active circuitry.....
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The left hand side transistor T1 is rigged as a voltage comparator using a resistive network. The resistor at the upper arm is the LDR and the lower arm resistor is the preset which is used to set the threshold values or levels. T2 is arranged as an....
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Electric motor start-run capacitor instructions: Use of air conditioner compressor motor starting capacitors Use of starting capacitors on electric motors for air conditioning, pumps, etc. Start or Run Capacitor Diagnostic Checks: How to Use a VOM or....
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Here`s are some circuit diagrams for driving relays from a microcontroller. Make sure you`re using a 5-volt relay (this refers to the coil, not the load circuit), and make sure that the relay has a high enough rating for the load that you`re driving. This....
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This example shows how to make use of the Watchdog and Sleep functions provided by the ATMEGA 168 chip. These functions are useful if you want to build low power consuming devices operated by battery or solar power. The reduced power consumption is achieved....
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Here we show a little Theremin module which plugs onto a Arduino Board that gives out the tune to a speaker or puts out the tune as control signal like MIDI, Servo etc. We were using this device not only as a musical instrument, various kinds of proximity....
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12V car battery is recomended to be used as the input, transistor 2N3055 is used as the amplifier. It will deliver the power output up to 100W and you can use this inverter for battery charger, emergency light and other electronic appliances...
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You can use 12 V car battery as the 12V input power source. Adjust the potensiometer R1 to get the 50Hz output frequency. Use a 10 A fuse in series with the battery as shown in circuit...
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This 12 VDC to 240 VAC Inverter circuit are not using special components such as the torodial transformer found in many inverters circuit....
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This simple 12VDC to 220VAC inverter circuit produces an AC output at line frequency and voltage. The 555 is configured as a low-frequency oscillator, tunable over the frequency range of 50 to 60 Hz by Frequency potentiometer R4. The 555 feeds its output....
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The MOSFET`s could be in parallel pairs for even more power. Just give each its own 470 © gate resistor and a 22k © from each gate to source. The large 1000 µF capacitor and 47 © resistor used to clean up the voltage spikes coming from the transformer centre....
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There is certainly only one variable resistance in this circuit diagram which is made use of to adjust frequency of 240V AC output current. It is best to have a frequency meter to adjust this frequency of 50HZ to 60HZ as per your requirement. Please don`t....
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In DA3, DA5, VT1, VT2 assembled the first channel of the VLF class D. The second channel, respectively, collected on DA4, DA7, VT3, VT4. At the output of the first and second channels are formed antiphase sine wave VLF..
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The module provide a pre wired multiplex of 4-digit common anode LED, that`s great. See the soldering pad of these signal in the 1st picture below. I thought, my friend gave me the AT90S2313 chip, and with a simple homemade ISP cableand a free software AVR....
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In the project LED Touch Sensing by Jeff Han, I saw a magic happen on a LED matrix. That LED matrix not only lighted but also sensed the touch of fingers. At first, I thought there should be some secret behind and the LED matrix he used must be a special....
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Initially I chose another infrared sensor for test, PIR Motion Sensor, which was to detect any motion in front of the sensor but it turened out not so sensitive. So that I looked at this QRD1114 IR Sensor for substitute. In this test, I used both as digital....
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A flame sensor (UV TRON) made by HAMAMATSU PHOTONICS, Japan, is an ultraviolet light detector. It has a narrow spectral sensitivity of 185 nm to 260 nm, being completely insensitive to visible and infrared light. Unlike semiconductor detectors, it does not....
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The Micromag3 is a 3-axis magnetometer that measures the strength of magnetic fields in 3 directions. It can measure magnetic fields that are approximately the same strength as the Earth`s magnetic field. Common applications include orientation sensing and....
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I used 45 peices of 220 ohm resisters to make 10k ohm variable resister. By banding the wire of the resister I made hook to sew it through. If you want even less volume than normal resister, you can use tiny surface mount resister. To tie with the thread,....
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Below is the circuit I`m working with; I plan on having the infrared phototransistor pairs inserted in 3 locations in the middle of the maze, including the end point. The width of the maze will be small enough for one finger to be able to slide in it, and as....
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Building battery boxes for the Speedster. While not an exciting topic, in converting almost any car to electric drive, most new builders are surprised to learn that making the car run on battery power is almost trivial. But 50% of the work centers on placing....
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a circuit diagram showing how the accelerometer is connected to an Arduino board & external power source (not complicated at all, is it)..
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This project is a 12-bit digital I/O extender using the Microchip PIC18f14k50 microcontroller which connects to an USB host port. The microcontroller is available in through-hole DIP20 and SMD packages, too. NOTE for beginners: PIC18F14k50 is a general....
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The overall performance of any rf circuit in regards of it`s phase noise and spectral purity depends significantly on the frequency generating circuitry, commonly an oscillator. Low noise oscillators with high spectral purity are neither witchcraft nor black....
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Crystals with higher frequencies than about 30 MHz are almost exclusively overtone crystals. Such a crystal is intended to be used on an odd multiple of it`s fundamental frequency. Unfortunately, the crystal doesn`t want to resonate on it`s overtone....
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They seem to have an inexhaustible amount of oscillators with all kinds of frequencies available, but there`s always one frequency that seems to be unavailable: the one they need. Abracon offers a variety of low-cost MEMS oscillators that can be programmed....
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A low-noise block downconverter (LNB) is a key element in a satellite receiver system and is responsible for converting the relatively high frequency of the received signal into the more convenient L-Band. But how do they work and what do they look like on....
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Here is the program to control simple servo motor in both direction. I test it today and think that i should also share it with you people so that you can also enjoy and can takebenefit. This program will rotate servo motor in both clock wise and anti clock....
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It`s enough to explore PWM and digital-to-analog conversion, and it illustrates how you can create your very own electronics workbench to explore RC filters , charge curves, discharge curves, pulse generators, timers, and even create a very simple....
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The code I used on the ATtiny85 is now included as tiny50hz example sketch in the Ports library, eh, I mean JeeLib. Here are the main pieces: Nothing fancy, though it took a fair bit of datasheet reading to get all the ADC details set up. This sketch....
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Overcome a major drawback of the SPI bus. But to explain this, allow me to go on a little detour first. The I2C bus is an extremely convenient design, because it only needs 4 wires to connect several chips together: Each chip sees the same information, but....
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After the recent pretty disappointing results with a transformer-based Component Tester, I`d like to try and generate a ± 10 V sine wave at approximately 50 Hz in some other way. Using as few components as possible. This is where we enter, eh, squarely into....
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This one is actually a bit simpler to explain: the op-amp is set up with 25. 50x amplification, i. e almost a comparator (with 50x amplification, a 50 mV input above or below the 2. 5V will drive the output to its limit). And indeed, the output signal of the....
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I have been hacking the Dyna PAS chassis with various cascoded and cascaded phono circuits all employing negative feedback RIAA EQ in search for a circuit that will satisfy my musical requirements. My research ended when I discovered thisunglamorous2-stage....
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Typically, most japanese motorcycles do not have any charge control lamp at all and even on bikes equipped with such a lamp (Bosch system, e. g. BMW and Moto Guzzi), defects may still occur in a manner where the "idiot light" may not light up in due time.....
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After testing the motors I found current draw as high as 1. 3Amps. So I stuck 2 of the SN754410 H-Bridges on top of each other, and then built a heat sink from an aluminum can. Should be OK for 2Amps or more. The heat sink is just the aluminum can bent into....
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Miniature guitar amp featuring a class AB pentode output section using 5902 subminiature tubes....
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The Digital Counter Circuit is an electronic project that converts digital numbers (0-9) to binary (0-1). If you want to understand binary code, please click on "Binary Code PPT" to view a PowerPoint on Binary Code. Below is the Parts List, Schematic, and....
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Multiplexed 7-Segment Display PCB The display PCB consists of four MAN72 7-segment common-anode ....
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The metal detector circuit is shown here that the limits represent the sake of simplicity for a metal detector, but the design works remarkably well. It only uses 40, 106 Hex Schmitt inverter IC, a capacitor and a search coil and of course batteries. An....
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For the full bridge inverter circuit i planned to use IRF2807 (75V Vds, 82A Ids) and Two IR2110 for the driver. I never use IR2110 before and failed many time when i want to make a H-Bridge for DC motor last year. My DC input voltage is 34V (2 series solar....
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This is the circuit diagram of DC to DC converter based LM2596, the circuit has a single input supply and multiple voltage outputs. The circuit has an input voltage range of 15V to 40V. It has 5 outputs: 3. 3V at 1. 5A; +12V and ’12V at 50 mA each; and +5V....
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The simplest way to drive stepper motor having lower current rating is using ULN2003. The ULN2003 contains seven darlington transistors. The ULN2003 can pass upto 500mA per channel and has an internal voltage drop of about 1V when on. It also contains....
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I bought a Doepfer LMK3+ keyboard from a very pleasant chap in Dunedin, via TradeMe, a popular New Zealand auction site. The keyboard features a nice, piano-like Fatar keybed in a rugged flight case. Here`s a photo of another LMK3+, taken from a recent....
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This is a circuit that can be used for dark activated means the relay will be activated when thelight intensity fall below a certain threshold. Without hysteresis, the relay will be activated and deactivated if the sensed brightness fall under or rise above....
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The current source in the diagram, which react very fast to changes in the input signal, may be used, for instance, in certain measurements. Differential amplifier IC1 ensures that the potential across R2 is equal to the input voltage: Iout =Uin/R2. The....
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This lie detector circuit diagram will accord two readings: one for difficult questions for the accountable and addition to appearance its affecting accompaniment in general. The affecting states are detected not alone by affection exhausted accelaration and....
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Many electronics hobbyists will have experienced the following: you try to finish a project late at night, and the mains supply fails. Whether that is caused by the electricity board or your carelessness isn`t really important. In any case, at such times you....
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A solar charger circuit is used to charge lead acid batteries or Ni-Cd with solar power. Circuit harvests solar energy to charge a 6 volt battery 4. 5 Ah battery for various applications. The charger has voltage and current regulation and voltage cut-off....
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The hobby circuit below can be connected to a 3v battery, to give you some warning when the battery is nearing its end of life. It will flash a LED when the battery voltage drops to about 2. 4 volts. The electronic circuit draws only 1ua of current in....
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This is a design for the tracking transmitter of audio tone in FM band frequency. The circuit can be used a signal transmitter or remote control transmitter. The circuit is use only the available components. The range of the transmitter is 100 m in the....
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This Hi Fi stereo preamplifier ambit is congenital with TDA1054 IC from SGS. TDA1054 is a 16-pin DIL amalgamation and integrates 2 abstracted preamp circuits. It is a low babble preamp with little or no botheration in the architecture process. The aboriginal....
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Wall sockets supply power in the form of a 230 volt sine wave. The frequency of this sine wave is supposed to be 50 hertz. In other words, the voltage on the socket alternates between positive and negative at a rate of 50 full periods per second. (At least....
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The aim of this project is to transmit analog sound from a commercial mp3 player digitally using a store-bought laser pointer as the transmitter. This will be achieved mainly by performing analog-digital conversions, and by using a digitally phase-locked....
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This page details the construction of a prototype dye laser that is intended for initial checking of some parameters — for example, I want to know whether a simple design will threshold easy dyes with minimal input energy. In principle, the answer is....
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Ed Skilling recounts his meetings with Lester Hendershot and offers details of the mysterious Hendershot Motor....
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Excerpts from ""Radiations and Waves: Source of Our Life"" by Georges Lakhovsky, with comment by Riley Crabb and J. Gilbert E. Wright....
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Much evidence indicates that specific communications and energies DO exist outside the conventional electromagnetic spectrum of which our finest examples may be....
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In this self-explanatory schematic you can see decoupling capacitor on the right, which must be as close to microcontroller`s power pins as possible; crystal oscillator, which is optional, because you can use internal RC oscillator or external clock signal,....
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As you can see, the audio ground completely isolated from digital ground. And I`m using top copper layer as a shield for both, audio and digital ground. This helps to isolate audio part from picking up noise from digital circuitry and other EMI. Relay....
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The clock, which is made from 25 CD4000 ICs, three 555/556 ICs and a handful of discrete components, includes an alarm and a way of setting the clock that until now I have only seen implemented using microcontrollers. All this makes for a rather involved....
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Fires can occur for several reasons, for example, forgot to turn off equipment that could cause such as irons, fire alarm circuit with a temperature sensor may be one option in an effort to secure our homes from fire hazards. Actually there is also a fire....
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This circuit was designed to not fry the 555 timer, this is because I noticed that having the ignition coil share a high voltage contact with a power connector made somewhat high voltages go back and into the 555 timer, thus frying it (I went through about 7....
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The cheap flashlight had a rather small (0. 22 Farad) capacitor for energy storage - not very much energy, really, approximately 6. 6 Joules maximum or less than 1/1000th of what a single AA alkaline cell contains! Being a standard "super cap" its internal....
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I bricked my iPod shuffle, seems that the controller chip for the mini jack got wasted as it could no longer detect charger, PC connection or play music as it could not detect headphones. The arc have to be very short in order to limit the distortions of an....
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The idea behind a capacitor bank is to charge up as much energy as possible to short circuit that energy through small coils, aluminium paper, steel wool, wire and a lot of other things that can conduct a electric current. The short circuit current is....
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This is a modified version of the first SSTC I built, the Kaizer SSTC I. It uses the same secondary, topload and driver board. New things is a full bridge of IRFP460 MOSFETs, audio modulation, shielded drivers and a new casing. I took apart a 19 ³ LCD....
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A simple way to produce your own speaker transformer by winding turns on a piece of ferrite rod. The primary winding is made by winding 300 turns of 0. 01mm wire (this is very fine wire) over the secondary and ending with a loop of wire we call the centre....
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The Atmel ATmega series of microcontrollers are very popular due to the large number of peripherals inbuilt in them. They have features such as internal PWM channels, 10-bit A/D converters, UART/USART and much more, which are useful for a lot of applications....
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Have finished documenting/cleaning the code for my Jaycar el-cheapo Thermor/BIOS branded wireless weather station receiver. The basis for the code comes from the Practical Arduino weather station receiver project. In the end all it took was a week of....
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The design is based entirely on Silicon Chip`s PIC-Based Water-Tank Level Meter, but instead of programming PICs, I prototyped using an arduino, and built the final version using PICAXE microcontrollers. An MPX-2010DP silicon pressure sensor (temperature....
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The receiver is a basic SA612 circuit. (U5 and U6) The LO for 20 meters is about 9 MHz and an IF of 5.068 MHz. The IF filter uses two crystals and has a peak response at about 5.070 MHz, so this matches up well with the 20 M PSK sub-band centered at about....
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An amplifier built to drive my Sennheiser HD-600 headphones. Because of the relatively high impedance of these phones, I wanted plenty of voltage available to drive them. Because of the large dynamic range possible with these phones the system had to be very....
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For one of my classes each student had to pick one of three technology platforms to design, simulate, prototype and then build (PCB layout, ordering, etc) all within ten weeks. The platforms were: H-bridge Motor Controller, Infrared Proximity Sensor and....
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The PACO C-25 differs from my Healthkit IT-22b in that it tests both regular and electrolytic capacitors as well as using a 40Mc oscillator to enable a rough measure of capacitance using a bridge circuit. Most of the time, with vintage vacuum tube equipment,....