Top Circuits Page 149
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A harp without strings i. e. IR sensor-receiver pairs function as strings in our device. The device senses when a string is being plucked (causes blockage of IR). Correspondingly, the particular sound is produced by Direct Digital Synthesis. We used 6 TSOP....
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Convert a feedforeward opamp PID loop to C code I am trying to do such a conversion and honestly, have no idea where to start. I can get all input values through an ADC, voltage, current, whatever, but coding a feedforeward PID is a little new to me. Any....
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Is it possible to alter a single-cycle datapath so that an add instruction not only writes to a register, but also writes to a specified memory address The only way I can think to do this is to split the value as shown bellow. I don`t think this is possible....
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Control a small DC motor through this H-bridge with an Arduino Uno, but I have never programmed one of these controllers before. I need the motor to rotate in different directions when I press left and right on a keyboard. So far I have this code: // Right....
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The circuit was built on Vero board and tested using a large value electrolytic capacitor instead of a battery. The 500 ohm preset resistor sets the actual output voltage. The 47k preset controls the hysteresis and sets the voltage at which the charger....
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The minimum number of supporting components required to build a circuit using AT91SAM7S microcontrollers. This example uses the AT91SAM7S256 ARM7 microcontroller....
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How to connect a buzzer to an Arduino when the buzzer operates at a different voltage to the Arduino. The circuit uses a NPN transistor for connecting the buzzer....
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Beginners Tutorial 1: Building a Circuit on Breadboard - how to build a simple and easy circuit on breadboard for beginners in electronics. Learn to use a LED and resistor....
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When enough light falls on the LDR in this circuit, an alarm tone is played on the loudspeaker. This tutorial shows beginners in electronics how to build the circuit on breadboard step by step....
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How to connect a LCD display to an Arduino and test it. This tutorial shows beginners how to use a breadboard to connect an LCD display to an Arduno, step by step....
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In this tutorial you will build a wailing siren that plays a tone that increases and decreases in pitch. The circuit uses two 555 ICs and a loudspeaker....
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A temperature sensor (MCP9700 linear active thermistor IC) and LCD are connected to the Arduino in this tutorial. The Arduino reads the temperature from the MCP9700 on analog pin A0 and displays the temperature on the LCD....
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The Arduino reads temperature from a MCP9700 temperature sensor IC and displays the temperature in the Arduino IDE serial monitor window....
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The Arduino displays the time and date on a LCD (optional) and in the Arduino IDE serial monitor window. A PCF8563 real time clock (RTC) IC is used to generate the time and date. The time and date can be set using the Arduino serial monitor window. An....
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This beginner`s breadboard circuit simulates a dice being thrown. Pressing the button throws the dice. One of six LEDs will light up after the throw....
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Connect eight LEDs to an Arduino and make a Knight Rider display using only two Arduino pins in this tutorial. This is made possible by using a PCF8574 I/O expander IC....
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Arduino 7-segment display dice circuit and tutorial with Arduino sketch. Build a dice that is shaken by holding a button in and thrown by releasing the button. The shake, throw and number thrown are animated and displayed on a seven segment display....
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Single Transistor Timer Circuit tutorial for beginners in electronics. Easy beginner electronic circuit that can be built on breadboard....
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In this electronic breadboard circuit for beginners in electronics, when the ambient light level drops below a certain level, the LED switches on automatically....
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Build a Knight Rider LED display on breadboard controller by an Arduino. An easy circuit for beginners in electronics using an Arduino Uno....
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The connection point for the positive terminal of the 9V battery is displayed as a circle at the end of a line with the label "+9V". This is just another way of showing where to apply power to the circuit. The 0V or "GND" of the circuit is shown as an....
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A two transistor electronic siren breadboard circuit that produces an audible rising pitch on a loudspeaker. Tutorial and circuit for beginners in electronics....
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A two transistor circuit that flashes two LEDs on and off alternately. This tutorial shows beginners in electronics how to build the easy circuit on breadboard....
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An Arduino voltmeter that displays voltage on an LCD display. The voltmeter has 4 channels for measuring four different voltages....
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Build the tiny stripboard relay shield for Arduino. View the circuit diagram and download the software. Control two relays from your PC and use your PC to switch things on and off....
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A four channel voltmeter that displays voltage readings in a software application running on a computer. An Arduino reads the voltages, and sends them to an application written in the Processing language....
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This tutorial looks at the tools needed to start development (C programming) on 8-bit AVR microcontrollers and shows how to write a C program and load it to an AVR microcontroller. An ATtiny2313 microcontroller breadboard circuit will be used as the test....
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Flicker free updating of analog input and status of switches using Ajax and the Arduino Ethernet Shield. The Arduino Uno is set up as a web server....
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Input and output (I/O) on the Arduino web server using the SD card. Arduino inputs (analogue inputs, switches) are displayed on a web page. Arduino outputs (LEDs) are controlled from a web page. Uses Ajax for flicker free loading....
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The white LEDs have different voltage and current requirements so they will need different resistors. So I`ll begin with a parts list: It`s the same idea as before, only the white LEDs are shaped differently because they have their own heatsink that they are....
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This low cost AVR development board can be used to get started with 40 PIN AVR devices or to test and build projects easily. Get this board along with our USB AVR Programmer and you have complete development and learning platform. The bundled CD provides all....
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This scan is from my old ETI Circuits #2 from the 70 ²s. It`s about the best op-amp info you are likely to find. With a bit of knowledge, these six circuits are an instant ready-reckoner and allow you to do almost anything! If you want to learn then they are....
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The circuit described here is derived from a conventional design for a simple lamp dimmer, as you can see if you imagine a diac connected between points A and B. The difference between this circuit and a normal diac circuit is that a diac circuit won`t work....
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MP3 players are all the rage these days. The smaller ones in memory-stick format are particularly easy to take with you; your very own personal sound system` on the move! It`s when you want others to share your taste in music that you ¬nd these players to....
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This IC chip was designed specifically for use in power boosting applications in automobiles. It is self protecting against short circuits and thermal problems. In the bridge configuration shown it will deliver 20 watts of power into a 2 ohm speaker....
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The Car Temperature Gauge is basically the same circuit as March`s project with some minor changes to the input circuit. This circuit will display the water temperature to 1 degree resolution...
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This circuit indicates which of three voltages in the range from about about -4V to about +4V - at A, B and C - is the highest by lighting one of three indicator LEDs. Alternatively, it can be wired to indicate the lowest of three voltages or to indicate....
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This is a 5V to 12V DC-DC step-up (boost) converter circuitry that is especially ideal for the USB powered applications. First of all a USB port has two current supply modes. Before detecting the connected device, it supplies maximum 100mA to the load. After....
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A solar powered Flasher to scare away the nocturnal animals like bats and cats from the farm yard or premises of the house. The brilliant multicolored flashes confuse these animals and they avoid the hostile situation. It is fully automatic, turns on in the....
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A white-LED-based emergency light that offers the following advantages. 1-It is highly bright due to the use of white LEDs. 2-The light turns on automatically when mains supply fails, and turns off when mains power resumes. 3-It has its own battery charger.....
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The target of this project was the design of a small portable mixer supplied by a 9V PP3 battery, keeping high quality performance. The mixer is formed assembling three main modules that can be varied in number and/or disposition to suit everyone needs. The....
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Varying Brightness AC Lamp Circuit, an SCR is used to slowly vary the intensity of a 120 volt light bulb by controlling the time that the AC line voltage is applied to the lamp during each half cycle. The circuit is directly connected to the AC power line....
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In this small switching power supply, a Schmitt trigger oscillator is used to drive a switching transistor that supplies current to a small inductor. Energy is stored in the inductor while the transistor is on, and released into the load circuit when the....
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A series of digital clocks, all with LED outputs, were created for the Electronics in Schools Strategy (EiSS) and used in several of the courses run on behalf of SETPOINT (now STEMPOINT) Devon & Cornwall for secondary school teachers in the south west. The....
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This jet engine sound generator circuit is based on the sound generator IC HT2844P from Holtek Semiconductors. This particular IC can make four sounds namely low speed sound of jet engine, high speed sound of jet engine, missile sound and machine gun sound.....
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Instead of the 555 timer IC we have two transistors back to back acting as a multivibrator. This "chops" the direct current enough so it can travel across the magnetic field of the transformer. This is probably the simplest and easiest stun gun to make. It....
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Typically the input protection fuse of your DMM will blow in the middle of a demonstration or an exciting phase of your construction work. Spare fuses are always hard to find, and if available take a lot of time to install. This circuit replaces the fuse by....
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This button, with a few hacks, now makes it so we can open up our office with our Nexus Ones, iPhones or even SMS. Located near the reception desk, this button opens an electronic latch on the front door. Pulling the assembly out of the wall revealed the....
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Electronic Design has a smart battery charger schematic using only a single transistor. This is interesting as similar circuits now contain simple integrated circuits. When the battery`s charge falls below a threshold voltage, it is automatically recharged....
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Building your own guitar foot pedal Would you like to try your hand at soldering Do you like point to point circuitry Would you like an overdrive pedal that will give you clean signal boost and smooth distortion Do you want to add a new pedal to your....
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The Sentient City Survival Kit is a project of Creative Capital. It is sponsored by the New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA) and the Office of the Vice President for Research at the University at Buffalo. Additional support provided by the Network....
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This is a switched system, meaning it doesn`t have a sequencer like modern electric furnaces. Instead, relays are used. Maybe this is a good upgrade to make, installing a sequencer. The blower is a 5 speed blower, although only two seem to be used (unlike....
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The different strengths between the PMOS and NMOS transistors can be observed through a simple test of ramping up the input voltage an observing the point at which the output voltage will switch from 5V to 0V. To perform this test, click on the cell named....
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This generally results in a square wave if the frequency of oscillation is low enough relative to the amplifier`s bandwidth Crystal Controlled Oscillator schematic of a low frequency sine wave oscillator featuring low distortion, wideband operation and....
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Controller for Hybrid Power Plant block diagram of the HPP, comprised of 440 Wp photovoltaic modules, 1 kW wind turbine and 5 kW diesel engine as a back-up. HPP is a centralized PV and wind power generation plant, using battery to store the produced dc....
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This is a bit of an unusual one because I`m not even sure what it is. It`s based on a schematic done by Analogguru and is obviously a Cornish buffer in front of a booster, so what I am assuming is that the Guild Brian May is the treble booster, and the whole....
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MOSFETs cannot always just be connected to the drive signal and be expected to work properly. Due to the construction of the MOSFET, driving it is not the simplest of tasks, especially for beginners. There are many users who regularly ask for help on MOSFET....
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Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM). I`ve discussed about how to generate the sine table, how to implement it, how to practically generate the SPWM signals (with example code) and also how to implement feedback with simple sine table manipulation with....
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Generate sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) signals using the ECCP module in a PIC for generating a sine wave output for use in DC-AC inverter. I have had requests from people asking how to generate the same SPWM signals with other microcontrollers....
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The photo above clearly illustrates phase angle control: output voltage controlled by the gate drive signal applied to a thyristor. What is phase angle control That is what I`m going to talk about in this article. Phase angle control is a method of PWM....
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Metal detector using avr tiny13. i m planning to use 555 ic to energize the coil and giving this output to tiny13 at pin2(clk1). i metal detector using 555 (9) dark sensor circuit diagram (8) 555 dark detector circuit (8) pir detector circuit diagram (7)....
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Basically, the circuit consist of two balanced. Simple BFO metal detector. BFO ( beat frequency Ready assembled and tested circuit board Chip in the center is Pic 12F675 Passive detector uses the detector coil in a frequency depended part of a circuit, This....
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This Simple Metal Detector Circuit Diagram Design is based on superheterodyning principle which is commonly used in superhet receivers. The circuit utilizes two RF In the circuits diagram, IC1- io the 555 Ic, whose frequercy is determined by f1= 0. 7R/L1....
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Since I used a ready-made inverter circuit to drive the EL sheet, this diagram is incomplete and also I`d say the battery consumption is much higher than it should be. As seen in the comments, an AVI video file is available without sound (as I used my webcam....
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It is located in the LHC underground installation, close to the loads to limit cable losses in the underground installation. A high current switch mode power converter, designed for powering of superconducting loads requiring only positive current and....
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This Power Converter is used in LHC Machine to power superconductive magnets. It is located in the LHC underground installation, close to the loads to limit cable losses in the underground installation. A high current high frequency (25 kHz) switch mode....
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This Power Converter is used in LHC Machine to power superconductive magnets. It is located in the LHC underground installation, close to the loads to limit cable losses in the underground installation. Voltage Source is based on a half bridge resonnant....
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A medium current switch mode power converter, designed for powering of superconducting loads requiring positive or negative current and positive or negative voltage control (4 quadrants). Constructed from a modular architecture composed of 2x [+/-400A +10V]....
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An oscillator is a circuit that can generate a frequency source such as a sine wave, square wave or pulse train. An oscillator is fundamentally a combination of a frequency-sensitive circuit such as an LC circuit or a crystal and a negative resistance....
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The choke coil parameters we are going to measure in this 3-voltmeter method are - the inductance, resistance as all choke coils have inherent resistance in addition to their inductance. We also measure the quality factor and power absorbed by the given....
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This is a walk-through for making and installing a diode kit on a Honda VTX 1800C. This is necessary when you replace incandescent turn signals with LEDs....
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Multivibrators, like the familiar sinusoidal oscillators, are circuits with regenerative feedback, with the difference that they produce pulsed output. There are three basic types of multivibrator, namely the Bistable Multivibrator, the Monostable....
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Make it a habit to check the temperature gauge every 5-10 miles. The temperature gauge can tell you a lot about the car`s health. The needle moving from its usual position in traffic only slightly, for example, is an indicator of a failing thermostat. If you....
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By adding the same circuit parallel with this, you can increase the number of inputs according to the applications. Each input is connected to the inverting terminal of LM3900. The built in amplifier of each section amplifies every audio input separately and....
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The circuit used was basically for audio mixing, it had an input from the triangular wave generator and the noise generator. And it is passsed through the audio mixer to form the wave...
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The 555 timer IC was first introduced around 1971 by the Signetics Corporation as the SE555/NE555 and was called "The IC Time Machine" and was also the very first and only commercial timer ic available. It provided circuit designers and hobby tinkerers with....
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Automatic Street light system is very common nowadays as it provides intelligent street lighting mechanism. It provides light automatically during night. These energy saving street lights make uses of incandescent lamps instead of LEDs. So here we will teach....
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A friend and frequent event-production collaborator has been accumulating legacy Telex wireless intercom gear from various sources, and while the equipment arrives in a nominally working state it sometimes has a few little problems and tends to take a....
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