Top Circuits Page 174
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FET has a very high input impedance (100 Mega ohm in case of JFETs and 104 to 109 Mega Ohm in case of MOSFETs), the major shortcomings of an ordinary transistor i. e. low input impedance with consequent of loading of signal source is eliminated in FET. Hence....
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This is the circuit of a based audio preamplifier which has very low noise. One FET and one BJT are used in this circuit. The audio signal to be amplified is coupled to the base of FET Q1 using capacitor C1 and resistor R3. Base of transistor Q2 is coupled....
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Unlike BJTs, thermal runaway does not occur with FETs, as already discussed in our blog. However, the wide differences in maximum and minimum transfer characteristics make ID levels unpredictable with simple fixed-gate bias voltage. To obtain reasonable....
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Switching regulators work by drawing small amounts of energy from the input source and transferring it step by step to the output. This task is attained by using an electronic switch (operating at a predetermined frequency) which works like a gate between....
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Transistor amplifier circuits which are very simple and easy to construct. Includes head phone amplifier, 4 transistor amplifier and a low power amplifier....
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Here is a handy field strength meter that can be used to check the strength of AM radio signals. The circuit is a very useful for those who assemble radio transmitters(especially in the tuning of the final stage for maximum range). The circuit is essentially....
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Here is a simple fire alarm circuit based on a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) and lamp pair for sensing the fire. The alarm works by sensing the smoke produced during fire. The circuit produces an audible alarm when the fire breaks out with smoke. When there....
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The circuit given here is designed as an LED flasher which produces a rotating effect when the LEDs are arranged properly. The circuit has very low current consumption and can be operated from even 3V button cells. The IC 1 (CMOS NE555) is wired as an....
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With this compact FM adaptor circuit plugged into the audio out of your cassete player or i Pod out put, you can listen your favorite music on your car stereo. This circuit is very useful if your car stereo doesnot have an auxillary in socket. The circuit is....
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Circuit shown here can be used to jam FM radios in its vicinity. The circuit is nothing but a classic single transistor oscillator operating in the VHF region. Working principle of the circuit is very simple and straight forward. Powerful VHF oscillations....
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Here is the circuit diagram of an FM remote encoder/decoder using the ICs RF600E and RF600D. These devices are designed to provide a high level of security and operates from anything between 2 to 6. 6V DC. Various electronic circuits like remote control....
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AN7415 based FM stereo demodulator circuit. 1.6 to 7V operating voltage range. High gain and low distortion....
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A simple telephone transmitter circuit that is ideal for transmitting the telephone conversation through small distances. The circuit is very simple and uses only few components. The entire circuit can be easily included in the telephone itself or in the....
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The circuit of a FM Tracking Transmitter Circuit or Remote Control Transmitter Circuit is explained using 555 IC and and 2N4392 transistors....
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Here is the circuit diagram of an FM transmitter using the IC UPC1651. UPC1651 is a wide band UHF Silicon MMIC amplifier. The IC has a broad frequency response to 1200MHz and power gain up to 19dB. The IC can be operated from 5V DC. The audio signals picked....
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Simple frequency meter or frequency counter circuit with LCD display and Avr micro controller.DIY schematic circuit diagram & embedded c code....
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A simple frequency to voltage converter circuit designed around the TC9400 F to V / V to F converter IC. Dual and single supply versions are given here....
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LM331 is basically a precision voltage to frequency converter from National Semiconductors. The IC has a hand full of applications like analog to digital conversion, long term integration, voltage to frequency conversion, frequency to voltage conversion.....
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Fridge Door Alarm circuit or a Refrigerator door open alarm using 555 Timer IC, which produces an audible alarm if the door left open for a preset time....
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A very useful application of the 565 PLL is as a FSK demodulator. In the 565 PLL the frequency shift is usually accomplished by driving a VCO with the binary data signal so that the two resulting frequencies corre spond to the logic 0 and logic 1 states of....
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A function generator is a signal source that has the capability of producing different types of waveforms as its output signal. The most common output waveforms are sine-waves, triangular waves, square waves, and sawtooth waves. The frequencies of such....
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Here is the circuit diagram of a fuse that has an automatic status indicator. This circuit can be added to circuit that operates from 12V DC. As long as the fuse is intact, the LED D3 will glow continuously and when the fuse blows off the LED will start and....
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A preamplifier circuit suitable for high impedance type electric guitar pickups is given here. The circuit is based on a uA 741 op-amp (IC1). The IC1 is wired as a non-inverting amplifier. The POT R1 can be used as a volume controller. The POT R6 can be used....
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The circuit given here is of a simple H bridge motor driver circuit using easily available components. H Bridge is a very effective method for driving motors and it finds a lot of applications in many electronic projects especially in robotics. The circuit....
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The circuit diagram shown here is of a Hall Effect switch. Hall Effect sensor IC DN6848 from Panasonic is the heart of the circuit. The DN6848 has a built-in Hall Effect sensor, Schmitt trigger circuit, power supply regulator and temperature compensation....
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How to handle digital input/output(I/O) in Avr Microcontroller? Explained using basic programs and circuit to glow an LED,generate stepper motor sequence,read push button switch and key debouncing....
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This circuit is a compact timer circuit that will keep the headlights of your car ON for about 1. 5 minutes and then turns it OFF. This circuit incorporated to your car will help you to access dark places with out the need to come back and turn OFF the head....
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Here is a simple head phone amplifier circuit that can be used to drive your head phone if your music player doesn`t have enough power to drive your head phones. The circuit is straight forward and uses only three transistors. The transistor Q1 (BC 239) and....
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Heart rate monitor using 8051 microcontroller. Measures the heart rate from the finger tip using IR diode photo transistor pair (Photoplethysmography). AT89S51 is the microcontroller used here....
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A simple and easy to build Hi Fi audio power amplifier circuit is shown here. This 6 watt hi Fi audio amplifier circuit uses TDA2613 IC....
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Here is the circuit diagram of a passive DX bass circuit that can be used with almost all audio amplifiers. This circuit is designed by Mr. Emmanuel Chipula ( emmanuel@windowshoppingmalawi. com ) from Malawi and was sent to us for publication. We tested this....
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A high impedance DC voltmeter using a uA741 IC is shown here. The operational amplifier is used as a non-inverting DC amplifier in which the negative feedback is through a DC meter requiring 1mA for full scale deflection. Since R6 is 100 Ohms, the meter will....
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The high and low voltage cut-off with delay and alarm circuit with circuit diagram is explained in this post....
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A siren circuit with diagram, which produces a strong,high power siren or alarm sound using complimentary transistor pairs BC 557 and BC 337,arranged as oscillator....
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First of all let me remind you that this circuit is a very dangerous one. The output voltage of this circuit is in Kilo volts and it can seriously injure you or kill you. Try this circuit only if you have enough experience dealing with high voltages. I have....
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From the discussion made so far on the filters, it may be concluded that in the stopband the gain of the filter changes at the rate of 20 db/decade for first-order filters and 40 db/decade for second-order filters. This means that as the order of the filter....
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How to transmit data between PC and AVR Atmega8 micro controller using USART module. We use COM port of PC based on RS232 protocol & UART of AVR....
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A multimeter can be used to test the health of a triac. First put the multimeter selector switch in a high resistance mode (say 100K), then connect the positive lead of multimeter to the MT1 terminal of triac and negative lead to the MT2 terminal of triac....
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SPI stands for Serial Peripheral Interface and it is the simplest among all the communication protocols. 8bit data registers in the devices are connected by wires. These data registers works as shift registers and one of the device controls the data exchange....
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A simple tutorial on using ADC (Analog to Digital converter) unit of AVR micro controller illustrated using Atmega8 with circuit diagram & codes....
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This article explains how to add 32K external crystal/clock source to Atmel AVR micro controller Atmega8 with circuit diagram & C program....
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A simple humidity tester circuit using just a LED, transistor, and a few resistors is explaind with a neat circuit schematic....
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The working and block diagram of IC 723 Voltage Regulators is given with Circuit Diagram, and Applications,....
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Simple TV transmitter circuit using the TV modulator circuit IC MC1374. 12V supply, channel 3 or 4 operation, FM modulation for sound....
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IC Voltage Regulators -Circuit diagram & Block diagram of Linear,Fixed, Adjustable (positive & negative) & Switching voltage regulators....
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Infrared (IR) Motion Detector Circuit with motion detector alarm and infrared sensor.The motion sensor circuit diagram and working is given in detail....
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Simple instrumentation amplifier circuit diagram using opamp. Equation for gain, design.Working and construction also provided....
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This is a very simple yet effective circuit in which the equipments connected at the so called trailing sockets will run only if the equipment connected at the control socket is switched on. For example, let`s connect a motor is connected to the control....
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A very simple intercom circuit designed based on transistors. No need for a changeover switch and you can use it just like a telephone....
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Interfacing 16x2 alphanumeric LCD module with AT89S51 microcontroler. Circuit diagram,theory and program. JHD162 lcd module pinout and commands....
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Interfacing ADC to 8051 microcontroller. ADC0804 is interfaced to microcontroller AT89S51. Complete circuit, theory and program in assembly language....
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Interfacing hex keypad to 8051. AT89S51 is the microcontroller. Circuit diagram and assembly language program. Testing video also provided....
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Now a days most of the inverters available in the market utilizes the PWM(Pulse Width Modulation) technology. The inverters based on PWM technology are superior in many factors compared to other inverters designed using conventional technologies. The PWM....
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Inverting amplifier using opamp. Equations for voltage gain and output voltage, input and output waveforms, practical inverting amplifier circuit using 741 IC etc....
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Here is a simple IR headphone circuit that is suitable for listening to TV or radio with out disturbing others. For beginners the IR headset is a better option than FM head sets because they often produce desirable sound quality with out tuning as well as....
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An Infrared or IR sensor/detector circuit diagram using 555 IC used mainly as Water level or Liquid level sensor and proximity detector circuit....
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The IR to RF transmitter circuit given here can convert the IR signals from your remote to RF signals to long distances. The circuit given here is a good one for extending the range of your IR remote. Also such systems does not need a line of sight since RF....
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ISP programmer with circuit diagram for AVR Atmega32 micro controller.This ISP burner circuit is an adaptation of Pony programmer and uses ponyprog software....
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LA3161 is an integrated 2 channel pre-amplifier intended for car stereo applications. LA3161 Stereo Preamplifier can be operated from 12V DC....
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LA4550 audio amplifier in BTL configuration. This amplifier can deliver 4W into an 8 ohm load at 12V power supply....
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This simple circuit that can be used to flash incandescent lamps up to 10W power rating. The circuit is ideal for making flashing beacons on automobiles and other applications like that. The circuit is nothing but an astable multi vibrator based on Q1&Q2 (....
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Here is a very useful lamp flasher circuit using the famous adjustable voltage regulator IC LM317T. LM317 can source up to 1A of current and so up to 12W lamps can be used with this flasher. Such a circuit finds huge application in automobiles. The frequency....
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This is the circuit diagram of lamp flasher operated from mains. By this you can flash up to 200 Watt lamps at rates determined by you. IC NE555 is wired as an astable multivibrator for producing the pulses for flashing the lamp. The flashing rate can be set....
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Here is a simple circuit that can be used to pulse an LED or a low power filament lamp. The effect is such that the LED lights up from OFF state gradually and then dims gradually. Such a circuit is very useful in decoration purposes. The circuit is nothing....
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Interfacing LCD Display to Avr micro controllers-Atmega8 and Atmega32 with circuit diagram and code/program using embedded C to download....
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LDO regulators- basic theory, circuit schematic, practical LDO regulator circuit using LM2941 5 to 20V adjustable o/p ,1A output current....
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A simple lead acid battery charger circuit with diagram and schematic using IC LM 317,which provides correct battery charging voltage. This lead acid battery charger should be given an input 18 Volts to IC....
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An LED Thermometer which can be used as a temperature sensor or temperature measurement circuit built using LM 34 -a Fahrenheit display or LM 35-degree Celsius display of temperature....
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Here is the circuit of a very simple transistor tester which used two LEDs for displaying the condition of a transistor. Both PNP as well as NPN transistors can be tested using this circuit. Quad 2 input CMOS NAND gate IC CD4011B is the heart of the circuit.....
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MP3302 is a boost converter IC specifically designed for LED drive applications. The MP3302 can drive 27 LEDs (9 strings of 3 white LEDs in series) from a Lithium ion battery. The IC has internal power MOSFETs for driving the LEDs and has an efficiency of....
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Convert a used CFL into a power saving LED lamp circuit that consumes only 50mA. This gadget can be used in applications like night light, table lamp etc....
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In this circuit the intensity of LED will vary in a ramping fashion. The circuit consists of three ICs: Two 555 timer ICs and one LM393 op-amp. IC1 and IC2 are wired as oscillators to produce 10 KHz and 1 Hz frequencies respectively. These two frequencies....
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This is a simple LED torch circuit based on IC MAX660 from MAXIM semiconductors. The MAX 660 is a CMOS type monolithic type voltage converter IC. The IC can easily drive three extra bright white LEDs. The LEDs are connected in parallel to the output pin 8 of....
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A simple liquid level switch circuit with diagram and schematic.This can also be used as water level switch,fluid level,float level and tank level switch....
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A simple light to frequency converter circuit with diagram and schematic.Used as Light intensity measurement circuit.Design using TLC555, a cmos version of NE 555 timer IC....
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LM1800 is an integrated FM stereo demodulator IC which has a number of good features integrated on it which makes it possible to design a high quality FM stereo demodulator system with excellent sound quality. The LM 1800 uses phase locked loop technology to....
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This timer circuit can be used to switch OFF a particular device after around 35 minutes. The circuit can be used to switch OFF devices like radio, TV, fan, pump etc after a preset time of 35 minutes. Such a circuit can surely save a lot of power. The....
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Here is the circuit diagram of an easy to build long range AM transmitter circuit based on three transistors. With correct tuning and a matching antenna, the transmitter can deliver signals up to a distance of 2 kilometers. The audio signal to be transmitted....
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The working and circuit diagram of a low cost amplifier using transistors BC107, and BC148 is explained in detail....
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This is the schematics of a low cost mic mixer that can be assembled from the components in your junk box. This two channel mike mixer is designed for handling high impedance dynamic microphones. Transistor Q1 can be any general purpose pnp transistor like....
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Many low pass filter circuits for subwoofer are given here and this is just another one. The circuit given here is based on the opamp TL062 from ST Micro electronics. TL062 is a dual high input impedance J-FET opamp which has very low power consumption and....
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Here is the circuit diagram of a low voltage /low power DC motor speed controller based on the IC TDA 7274 from ST Microelectronics. The IC TDA 7274 is a monolithic integrated DC motor speed controller intended for low voltage/ low power applications. Built....
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A preamplifier for magnetic pickups of record players is shown here. The uA 741 is used as an AC coupled non-inverting amplifier operating on a single supply. The amplifier gain is decided by the feedback components in which C2 controls the low frequency....
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Here is the circuit diagram of a magnetic proximity switch that finds a lot of applications in many fields. The circuit is based on a magnetic reed switch(S1) as the proximity sensor. A monostable multivibrator based on NE555 (IC1) and a toggle flip flop....
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Here is a simple and powerful LED based night lamp circuit that can be operated directly from the 230V mains supply. The are total 24 white LEDs used and the lamp produces an output of around 15W. The resistance R1 and capacitor C1 provides necessary current....
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A simple metal detector circuit diagram and schematic using a single transistor and a radio. This metal detector/sensor project is easy to make and is an application of Colpitts oscillator....
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Here is a simple circuit using IC NE555 that can be used to generate metronomes. Such a circuit is very useful to those who learns music. The circuit is nothing but an astable multivibrator wired around NE555. The components R1, R2&C1 determines the output....
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The micro ampere meter shown here is basically a DC millivolt meter. The circuit gives full scale deflection for 0. 1V input. The current to be measured is passed through a known resistance R and the voltage drop across it is measured. Here the IC 1 uA 741....
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This micro flasher circuit continuously emits flashing light with the consumption of very less power. The circuit can run for a very long time for four 1. 5 V torch cells. Here a low power CMOS IC CD4093 (IC1) is used to produce sharp pulses of 20 ms from a....
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A simple mini or small audio amplifier circuit with diagram and schematic using TDA 7052 IC from philips. Ideal to use as a pocket radio amplifier circuit which deliver 2 watts....
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Here is a simple and compact flasher circuit that an be used where ever a flashing LED is needed. The circuit finds application in flashing beacons, alarms automobile and more. The circuit is nothing but an astable multivibrator based on IC NE 555 (IC1). The....
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An NE555 timer IC connected as shown here can detect a missing pulse or abnormally long period between two consecutive pulses in a train of pulses. Such circuits can be used to detect the intermittent firing of the spark plug of an automobile or to monitor....
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This is a modification of the circuit Simple Lamp Dimmer/Fan Regulator previously posted here. The working of the circuit is same as that of the previous, but in addition a snubber circuit consisting of resistor R4 and capacitor C3 is included to improve the....
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The basic ANALOG TO DIGITAL (A/D) CONVERTER CIRCUIT has already been explained in an earlier post. Apart from it, there are also many types of monolithic analog to digital converters, such as the integrating A/D, integrating A/D with three-stage outputs, and....
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Monolithic/Hybrid Digital to Analog Converters using MC 1408IC,SE/NE 5018, Specifications and Applications....
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This article lists various types of audio amplifier circuits using Mosfet. We have tested all these circuits in our lab and we found all of them performing satisfactorily. The amplifier employs only one transistor and two MOSFETs and few resistors and....
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The circuit diagram of a mosquito repellent power saver circuit is given with a detailed explanation....