Top Circuits Page 223
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The circuit above makes use of the CMOS 4017 decade counter IC. Each depression of a switch steps the output through 0 - 9. By coupling the output via an AND gate to the next IC, a predefined code has to be input to create the output. Each PBS switch is....
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Both transistors should be low noise types. In the original circuit, I used BC650C which is an ultra low noise device. These transistors are now hard to find but BC549C or BC109C are a good replacement. The circuit is self biasing and will set its quiescent....
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All resistors are 5 or 10 percent tolerance, 1/4-watt all capacitors are 10 percent tolerance, rated 35 volts or higher. This circuit amplifies the output of a regular electret condenser microphone quite nicely. adjust sensitivity by turning R1..
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The thermistor used has a resistance of 15k at 25 degrees and 45k at 0 degrees celsius. A suitable bead type thermistor is found in the Maplin catalogue. The 100k pot allows this circuit to trigger over a wide range of temperatures. A slight amount of....
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This circuit has an exceptionally fast high frequency response, as demonstrated by applying an 100kHz square wave to the input. All graphs were produced using Tina Pro...
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This circuit features automatic Exit and Entry delays and a timed Bell Cut-off. It has provision for both normally-closed and normally-open contacts, and a 24-hour Personal Attack/Tamper zone. It is connected permanently to the 12-volt supply and its....
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This novel buzzer circuit uses a relay in series with a small audio transformer and speaker. When the switch is pressed, the relay will operate via the transformer primary and closed relay contact. As soon as the relay operates the normally closed contact....
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The TTY and the detector-transmitter unit are connected to separate phone jacks on the same line. When the ring sensor detects an incoming phone call, it activates the transmitter, which sends an RF signal to the receiver in the pager device. The receiver....
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This is a simple microphone preamplifier circuit which you can use between your microphone and stereo amplifier. This circuit amplifier microphone suitable for use with normal home stereo amplifier line/CD/aux/tape inputs. This mic preamp can take both....
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The circuit features automatic exit and entry delays, timed bell cut-off and system reset. It has provision for normally open and normally closed switches and will suit the usual input devices (Pressure Mats, Magnetic Reed contacts, Foil Tape, PIRs and....
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The 555 can be almost any type, they are all pin-compatible. Although some CMOS types may not have enough power to drive the transistor, in that case use an ordinary 555. C1`s working voltage should be increased to 25V if you decide to go with a 12V power....
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As it has already been stated the circuit consists of an ultrasonic transmitter and a receiver both of which work at the same frequency. They use ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers as output and input devices respectively and their frequency of operation....
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The loop can be any type of hookup wire, with a maximum resistance of about 90K. Using very thin wire (40AWG, for example) will make a very sensitive trip wire, but will shorten the distance it can be strung due to the high resistance...
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Alphanumeric LCD displays have become very popular for microcontroller applications because they can add a lot to a project in a variety of different ways. A text message giving the user instructions as well as feedback can make the application seem much....
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-
This schematic is provided in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty, not even a warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The address bus in this schematic is connected in an unusual way, which is optimized for....
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A basic circuit of the 89C2051 shown here can be made easily using point-to-point soldering with a universal PCB. Use an ordinary 20-pin socket, do not use a circle-pin socket. D1 is a small dot LED. U2 can be either 7805 or 78L05. U3 is optional for....
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The MCU is ATMEL 89C4051 CMOS Microcontroller having 4kB code memory, 128 bytes On-chip RAM and 8-bit Port1 and Port3. The A/D chip is HARRIS CA3162, 3-digit DVM. The A/D converter employs dual-slope integrator providing 10Hz sampling rate. Digital output....
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The Saver V5. 0 runs simple clock emulation program, turns a night light on and off with preset time, say 19:00 to 22:00 everyday. The design features low cost, easy installation, no battery backup and no EMI. The AT89C2051 uses external oscillator generated....
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This is my long history the device that controls my home`s night light, air-conditioner, etc. The device is a Miniature Real-time Controller. The circuit uses only three chips, a 89C2051, DS275(or MAX232), and 74LS07 open collector driver. The scheduler for....
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M1 is a stepper taken from an old disk drive. There are five pins, i. e. , common, coil 1, 2, 3 and 4. Resistance measured between common pin and each coil is about 75 Ohms. Driving current for each coil is then needed about 60mA at +5V supply. A Darlington....
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The schematic show that the AccelR8 only uses 3 IC`s. An AVR 8515 microcontroller do the calculation work and controls the other circuits. An MAX603 controls voltage and power-on/power-off. And the chip that makes it all possible, the ADXL202 from Analog....
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The Atmel Flash devices are ideal for developing, since they can be reprogrammed easy and fast. If you need more code space for your application, particularly for developing 89Cxx projects with C language. Atmel offers a broad range of microcontrollers based....
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This is a "beta release" schematic. Use at your own risk The idea is to add this circuitry to a board with already has ram at 2000 and an 82C55 I/O chip to provide ports A, B and C. Warning: not shown here is a memory mapping trick which is described below.....
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This single sided proto board provides an economical solution for developing and testing the projects around Atmel 20 pin series u-controllers (89Cx051 & AVR). Figure 1 shows the circuit diagram of proto board. All port connections are available for user....
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This ISP Programmer can be used either for in-system programming or as a stand-alone spi programmer for Atmel ISP programmable devices. The programming interface is compatible to STK200 ISP programmer hardware so the users of STK200 can also use the software....
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A method of determining altitude is by the use of barometric pressure; however, it is not done without difficulty. The relationship of pressure vs. altitude is not a linear one, it is actually a fairly complex one, which the army came up with in the 1930`s.....
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Various embodiments of the BB metal detector have been published, and it has been widely described in the press as a new genre. Instead of using a search and a reference oscillator as with BFO, or Tx and Rx coils as with IB, it uses two transmitters or....
-
-
This simple circuit uses a 741 op-amp in differential mode as a continuity tester. The voltage difference between the non-inverting and inverting inputs is amplified by the full open loop gain of the op-amp. Ignore the 470k and the 10k control for the....
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This tester is designed to locate stray electromagnetic (EM) fields. It will easily detect both audio and RF signals up to frequencies of around 100kHz. Note, however that this circuit is NOT a metal detector, but will detect metal wiring if it conducting ac....
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This circuit is the result of Andy Collinson research. He has used a photodiode, SFH2030 as an infra red sensor. A MOSFET opamp, CA3140 is used in the differential mode to amplify the pulses of current from the photodiode. LED1 is an ordinary coloured led....
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This logic probe uses a single CMOS IC and shows three logic conditions, High, Low and Pulsing. In addition if the probe input is neither hi or low (the high impedance state of tri-output logic ic`s) then no LED`s will light. Power from the logic probe is....
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The circuit of Fig. 1 provides an easy yet reliable way to detect the intensity of a. c. (or e. l. f. ) fields around the home or workplace. It is doubly effective because it does not merely detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by electrical....
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-
-
Using two gates from a CMOS 4011 NAND chip, a simple Squarewave oscillator can br made. Alternatively a CMOS 4001 chip can also be used, or a TTL equivalent. In this circuit the mark space ratio can also be independently controlled by varying the value of....
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-
Using a single 555 Timer IC and a small transformer to generate a high voltage, this circuit will test zener diodes of voltage ratings up to 50VDC. The 555 timer is used in the astable mode, the output at pin3 drives a small audio transformer such as the....
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This timer circuit is similar to the 5 to 30 minute timer except that when switch S1 is closed, the on/off action of the circuit will continue indefinitely until S1 is opened again. A 7555 time and low leakage type capacitor for C1 must be used. The 6 way....
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The unijunction transistor (UJT) is made of a bar of N type material with a P type junction (the emitter) near the centre. Base 1 is connected to zero volts and base 2 to the positive supply. The resistance between the two bases (the INTERBASE RESISTANCE) is....
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The kit includes the following items (depending on which bootloader chip 16MHz or 8MHz) The kit includes the essential items to create your own Arduino 328 board. Here is a breadboard with all the components mounted and running the demo led flash program You....
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With a rotary encoder we have two square wave outputs (A and B) which are 90 degrees out of phase with each other. The number of pulses or steps generated per complete turn varies. The Sparkfun Rotary Encoder has 12 steps but others may have more or less.....
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A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to create a simple childrens bedroom nightlight which turns on automatically when it gets dark and turns off when it gets light. An LDR`s resistance changes depending upon the amount of light hitting the sensor. For the LDR....
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This is an excellent piece of software. It is very easy and enjoyable to use. It comes with a huge library of symbols and also has a library editor for creating your own. I completed all the drawing before a single joint was soldered. This gave me confidence....
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I decided to try my hand at building a spectrum analyser after seeing the design by Roger Blackwell, G4PMK, in the Radio Communication Handbook5. I had to adapt the design because I couldn`t get the Motorola MC 3356 IC he used. This is an account of what I....
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By design, the pump will stop only if the volume set by the four position selector switch has been reached. Notwithstanding, it will also stop if: From what I think I understand, pressing `Pc` (brew button) sets it `closed` momentarily, sending power to `Ec`....
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A series resistor, and a bypass capacitor along with a zener in parallel with the hall sensor to clamp transients that still get through. I use hall sensors here at work on a daily basis. After 15 years of working with them, I know that they`re generally....
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It is Yamaha`s latest statement piece, and it has everything we could possibly ask for in home theater processors, including high performance. It`s expensive, but worth it. Up until this point, I have not been a one box solution aficionado. That all changed....
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Doppler units are the "weapon of choice" among mobile T-hunters in many parts of the country. They indicate the direction of incoming VHF signals on a circular ring of light-emitting diodes or a digital display. A doppler set updates bearings almost....
-
A device used to generate different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies is called function generator. The most common wave forms are square, sawtooth, triangular or sine wave shapes (drawn from top to bottom). The drawing shows an....
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At one of the previous chapters we have learned how to use a transistor as an electronic switch. At this chapter we will see how a transistor can be used to switch another one. At the drawing you can see a pair of cross coupled transistors. S (set) and R....
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I have an 01 Civic EX. A/c blew very cold. On a hot day ran into a store, came out to start the car and it blew hot air. Checked the fuses and all seemed fine, but just hot air. Took it to two mechaniscs, both said the compressor was fine and coolant was....
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-
Electronic ballasts for dimming fluorescent lamps require a control interface for the user to set the desired lamp-brightness level. Existing interface circuits include a 1-to-10-Vdc interface, digitally-addressable lighting interface (DALI), triac-based....
-
Developing a sensor to measure the snow. If the sensor could be made inexpensively, then the power of the Internet could be used to collect a large number of samples over large areas. The popular weather datacollections sites ( Weather Underground, Citizen....
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Accurate control of water temperature, this got me thinking and I figured it was a good opportunity to have a play. To control the temperature I decided to try and put some of the theory I was taught at uni into practice. I had it in my head even though it....
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This ridiculous hat is one of my typical procrastination projects. During swatvac for my final exams I got invited to a friends hat themed Birthday party. With nothing better to do (well apart from study for my exams) I decided that I wanted to win the best....
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If you need more sensitivity, use 74AC04 or 74HC04 instead of 74HCU04 as U1. It may be better than 74HCU04, but the frequency response of 74HC04 may be worse...
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It is a resistance tuned oscillator covering from 35 cps (frequency unit was the cycle at this time) to 35, 000 cps in 3 ranges. The major problem with such a resistor / capacitor tuned Bridge is to obtain a constant level output over a full decade frequency....
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The HP Model 400A Vacuum Tube Voltmeter is unusually flexible because of its wide frequency and voltage ranges. AC Voltages as small as. 005 and as high as 300 volts can be simply and directly measured without any precautions over a frequency range of 10....
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-
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-
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This device prevents paper notes and memos from being overlooked. A paper note placed between two fingers made of a conducting material (metal or conductive plastic) breaks the circuit, allowing pair 1 of Ul-a to go high. We aim to transmit more information....
-
-
This LM3403 op amp family including LM3303 known to be a monolithic quad op amp which have high gain, a compensated internal frequency that will assure a wide range of voltages can be operated from both single and/or dual power supply. The circuit diagram....
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The scheme given here is a car stereo amplifier circuit can be used in That car or other vehicle. The circuit is based TDA1553, which is a Class-B audio amplifier. As you can see this circuit is very simple, consisting only of the IC and the capacitor 6.....
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This FET audio mixer is an example of FET`s versatility. FETs are originally designed for high frequency applications but they can be used for audio frequencies and in fact they perform excellently in this area. The number of inputs that can be connected to....
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The first half of the circuit (IC1a) it has an input sensitivity of 3 mV and has a frequency correction composed of C5, C3, R6 and R8. The bass signal coming from phono input is amplified while the high signal is attenuated. The selection of the input signal....
The circuit above makes use of the CMOS 4017 decade counter IC. Each depression of a switch steps the output through 0 - 9. By coupling the output via an AND gate to the next IC, a predefined code has to be input to create the output. Each PBS switch is....
Both transistors should be low noise types. In the original circuit, I used BC650C which is an ultra low noise device. These transistors are now hard to find but BC549C or BC109C are a good replacement. The circuit is self biasing and will set its quiescent....
All resistors are 5 or 10 percent tolerance, 1/4-watt all capacitors are 10 percent tolerance, rated 35 volts or higher. This circuit amplifies the output of a regular electret condenser microphone quite nicely. adjust sensitivity by turning R1..
The thermistor used has a resistance of 15k at 25 degrees and 45k at 0 degrees celsius. A suitable bead type thermistor is found in the Maplin catalogue. The 100k pot allows this circuit to trigger over a wide range of temperatures. A slight amount of....
This circuit has an exceptionally fast high frequency response, as demonstrated by applying an 100kHz square wave to the input. All graphs were produced using Tina Pro...
This circuit features automatic Exit and Entry delays and a timed Bell Cut-off. It has provision for both normally-closed and normally-open contacts, and a 24-hour Personal Attack/Tamper zone. It is connected permanently to the 12-volt supply and its....
This novel buzzer circuit uses a relay in series with a small audio transformer and speaker. When the switch is pressed, the relay will operate via the transformer primary and closed relay contact. As soon as the relay operates the normally closed contact....
The TTY and the detector-transmitter unit are connected to separate phone jacks on the same line. When the ring sensor detects an incoming phone call, it activates the transmitter, which sends an RF signal to the receiver in the pager device. The receiver....
This is a simple microphone preamplifier circuit which you can use between your microphone and stereo amplifier. This circuit amplifier microphone suitable for use with normal home stereo amplifier line/CD/aux/tape inputs. This mic preamp can take both....
The circuit features automatic exit and entry delays, timed bell cut-off and system reset. It has provision for normally open and normally closed switches and will suit the usual input devices (Pressure Mats, Magnetic Reed contacts, Foil Tape, PIRs and....
The 555 can be almost any type, they are all pin-compatible. Although some CMOS types may not have enough power to drive the transistor, in that case use an ordinary 555. C1`s working voltage should be increased to 25V if you decide to go with a 12V power....
As it has already been stated the circuit consists of an ultrasonic transmitter and a receiver both of which work at the same frequency. They use ultrasonic piezoelectric transducers as output and input devices respectively and their frequency of operation....
The loop can be any type of hookup wire, with a maximum resistance of about 90K. Using very thin wire (40AWG, for example) will make a very sensitive trip wire, but will shorten the distance it can be strung due to the high resistance...
Alphanumeric LCD displays have become very popular for microcontroller applications because they can add a lot to a project in a variety of different ways. A text message giving the user instructions as well as feedback can make the application seem much....
This schematic is provided in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty, not even a warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. The address bus in this schematic is connected in an unusual way, which is optimized for....
A basic circuit of the 89C2051 shown here can be made easily using point-to-point soldering with a universal PCB. Use an ordinary 20-pin socket, do not use a circle-pin socket. D1 is a small dot LED. U2 can be either 7805 or 78L05. U3 is optional for....
The MCU is ATMEL 89C4051 CMOS Microcontroller having 4kB code memory, 128 bytes On-chip RAM and 8-bit Port1 and Port3. The A/D chip is HARRIS CA3162, 3-digit DVM. The A/D converter employs dual-slope integrator providing 10Hz sampling rate. Digital output....
The Saver V5. 0 runs simple clock emulation program, turns a night light on and off with preset time, say 19:00 to 22:00 everyday. The design features low cost, easy installation, no battery backup and no EMI. The AT89C2051 uses external oscillator generated....
This is my long history the device that controls my home`s night light, air-conditioner, etc. The device is a Miniature Real-time Controller. The circuit uses only three chips, a 89C2051, DS275(or MAX232), and 74LS07 open collector driver. The scheduler for....
M1 is a stepper taken from an old disk drive. There are five pins, i. e. , common, coil 1, 2, 3 and 4. Resistance measured between common pin and each coil is about 75 Ohms. Driving current for each coil is then needed about 60mA at +5V supply. A Darlington....
The schematic show that the AccelR8 only uses 3 IC`s. An AVR 8515 microcontroller do the calculation work and controls the other circuits. An MAX603 controls voltage and power-on/power-off. And the chip that makes it all possible, the ADXL202 from Analog....
The Atmel Flash devices are ideal for developing, since they can be reprogrammed easy and fast. If you need more code space for your application, particularly for developing 89Cxx projects with C language. Atmel offers a broad range of microcontrollers based....
This is a "beta release" schematic. Use at your own risk The idea is to add this circuitry to a board with already has ram at 2000 and an 82C55 I/O chip to provide ports A, B and C. Warning: not shown here is a memory mapping trick which is described below.....
This single sided proto board provides an economical solution for developing and testing the projects around Atmel 20 pin series u-controllers (89Cx051 & AVR). Figure 1 shows the circuit diagram of proto board. All port connections are available for user....
This ISP Programmer can be used either for in-system programming or as a stand-alone spi programmer for Atmel ISP programmable devices. The programming interface is compatible to STK200 ISP programmer hardware so the users of STK200 can also use the software....
A method of determining altitude is by the use of barometric pressure; however, it is not done without difficulty. The relationship of pressure vs. altitude is not a linear one, it is actually a fairly complex one, which the army came up with in the 1930`s.....
Various embodiments of the BB metal detector have been published, and it has been widely described in the press as a new genre. Instead of using a search and a reference oscillator as with BFO, or Tx and Rx coils as with IB, it uses two transmitters or....
This simple circuit uses a 741 op-amp in differential mode as a continuity tester. The voltage difference between the non-inverting and inverting inputs is amplified by the full open loop gain of the op-amp. Ignore the 470k and the 10k control for the....
This tester is designed to locate stray electromagnetic (EM) fields. It will easily detect both audio and RF signals up to frequencies of around 100kHz. Note, however that this circuit is NOT a metal detector, but will detect metal wiring if it conducting ac....
This circuit is the result of Andy Collinson research. He has used a photodiode, SFH2030 as an infra red sensor. A MOSFET opamp, CA3140 is used in the differential mode to amplify the pulses of current from the photodiode. LED1 is an ordinary coloured led....
This logic probe uses a single CMOS IC and shows three logic conditions, High, Low and Pulsing. In addition if the probe input is neither hi or low (the high impedance state of tri-output logic ic`s) then no LED`s will light. Power from the logic probe is....
The circuit of Fig. 1 provides an easy yet reliable way to detect the intensity of a. c. (or e. l. f. ) fields around the home or workplace. It is doubly effective because it does not merely detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by electrical....
Using two gates from a CMOS 4011 NAND chip, a simple Squarewave oscillator can br made. Alternatively a CMOS 4001 chip can also be used, or a TTL equivalent. In this circuit the mark space ratio can also be independently controlled by varying the value of....
Using a single 555 Timer IC and a small transformer to generate a high voltage, this circuit will test zener diodes of voltage ratings up to 50VDC. The 555 timer is used in the astable mode, the output at pin3 drives a small audio transformer such as the....
This timer circuit is similar to the 5 to 30 minute timer except that when switch S1 is closed, the on/off action of the circuit will continue indefinitely until S1 is opened again. A 7555 time and low leakage type capacitor for C1 must be used. The 6 way....
The unijunction transistor (UJT) is made of a bar of N type material with a P type junction (the emitter) near the centre. Base 1 is connected to zero volts and base 2 to the positive supply. The resistance between the two bases (the INTERBASE RESISTANCE) is....
The kit includes the following items (depending on which bootloader chip 16MHz or 8MHz) The kit includes the essential items to create your own Arduino 328 board. Here is a breadboard with all the components mounted and running the demo led flash program You....
With a rotary encoder we have two square wave outputs (A and B) which are 90 degrees out of phase with each other. The number of pulses or steps generated per complete turn varies. The Sparkfun Rotary Encoder has 12 steps but others may have more or less.....
A Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) to create a simple childrens bedroom nightlight which turns on automatically when it gets dark and turns off when it gets light. An LDR`s resistance changes depending upon the amount of light hitting the sensor. For the LDR....
This is an excellent piece of software. It is very easy and enjoyable to use. It comes with a huge library of symbols and also has a library editor for creating your own. I completed all the drawing before a single joint was soldered. This gave me confidence....
I decided to try my hand at building a spectrum analyser after seeing the design by Roger Blackwell, G4PMK, in the Radio Communication Handbook5. I had to adapt the design because I couldn`t get the Motorola MC 3356 IC he used. This is an account of what I....
By design, the pump will stop only if the volume set by the four position selector switch has been reached. Notwithstanding, it will also stop if: From what I think I understand, pressing `Pc` (brew button) sets it `closed` momentarily, sending power to `Ec`....
A series resistor, and a bypass capacitor along with a zener in parallel with the hall sensor to clamp transients that still get through. I use hall sensors here at work on a daily basis. After 15 years of working with them, I know that they`re generally....
It is Yamaha`s latest statement piece, and it has everything we could possibly ask for in home theater processors, including high performance. It`s expensive, but worth it. Up until this point, I have not been a one box solution aficionado. That all changed....
Doppler units are the "weapon of choice" among mobile T-hunters in many parts of the country. They indicate the direction of incoming VHF signals on a circular ring of light-emitting diodes or a digital display. A doppler set updates bearings almost....
A device used to generate different types of electrical waveforms over a wide range of frequencies is called function generator. The most common wave forms are square, sawtooth, triangular or sine wave shapes (drawn from top to bottom). The drawing shows an....
At one of the previous chapters we have learned how to use a transistor as an electronic switch. At this chapter we will see how a transistor can be used to switch another one. At the drawing you can see a pair of cross coupled transistors. S (set) and R....
I have an 01 Civic EX. A/c blew very cold. On a hot day ran into a store, came out to start the car and it blew hot air. Checked the fuses and all seemed fine, but just hot air. Took it to two mechaniscs, both said the compressor was fine and coolant was....
Electronic ballasts for dimming fluorescent lamps require a control interface for the user to set the desired lamp-brightness level. Existing interface circuits include a 1-to-10-Vdc interface, digitally-addressable lighting interface (DALI), triac-based....
Developing a sensor to measure the snow. If the sensor could be made inexpensively, then the power of the Internet could be used to collect a large number of samples over large areas. The popular weather datacollections sites ( Weather Underground, Citizen....
Accurate control of water temperature, this got me thinking and I figured it was a good opportunity to have a play. To control the temperature I decided to try and put some of the theory I was taught at uni into practice. I had it in my head even though it....
This ridiculous hat is one of my typical procrastination projects. During swatvac for my final exams I got invited to a friends hat themed Birthday party. With nothing better to do (well apart from study for my exams) I decided that I wanted to win the best....
If you need more sensitivity, use 74AC04 or 74HC04 instead of 74HCU04 as U1. It may be better than 74HCU04, but the frequency response of 74HC04 may be worse...
It is a resistance tuned oscillator covering from 35 cps (frequency unit was the cycle at this time) to 35, 000 cps in 3 ranges. The major problem with such a resistor / capacitor tuned Bridge is to obtain a constant level output over a full decade frequency....
The HP Model 400A Vacuum Tube Voltmeter is unusually flexible because of its wide frequency and voltage ranges. AC Voltages as small as. 005 and as high as 300 volts can be simply and directly measured without any precautions over a frequency range of 10....
This device prevents paper notes and memos from being overlooked. A paper note placed between two fingers made of a conducting material (metal or conductive plastic) breaks the circuit, allowing pair 1 of Ul-a to go high. We aim to transmit more information....
This LM3403 op amp family including LM3303 known to be a monolithic quad op amp which have high gain, a compensated internal frequency that will assure a wide range of voltages can be operated from both single and/or dual power supply. The circuit diagram....
The scheme given here is a car stereo amplifier circuit can be used in That car or other vehicle. The circuit is based TDA1553, which is a Class-B audio amplifier. As you can see this circuit is very simple, consisting only of the IC and the capacitor 6.....
This FET audio mixer is an example of FET`s versatility. FETs are originally designed for high frequency applications but they can be used for audio frequencies and in fact they perform excellently in this area. The number of inputs that can be connected to....
The first half of the circuit (IC1a) it has an input sensitivity of 3 mV and has a frequency correction composed of C5, C3, R6 and R8. The bass signal coming from phono input is amplified while the high signal is attenuated. The selection of the input signal....
