Top Circuits Page 275
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The memory system design: the detailed timing waveforms for a static RAM component, and the design of the register and control logic that surrounds the memory subsystem, making it possible to interface the memory to the rest of the digital system. But first,....
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The diagrams below detail the development of a simple modular radio receiver based entirely on circuits and devices studied during the Part IA course on Linear Circuits and Devices. This receiver may not take the market by storm! However, we hope it will....
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The circuit that allows you to expand from one 15 pin d-sub VGA output to multiple others. I built upon the schematic found online here and expanded it to allow up to 6 monitors connected at once! The input VGA connector is on the left while the 6 output VGA....
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Crystal with small CL(7. 0 pF) makes larger oscillation allowance, smaller current consumption and worse frequency stability, like below table. As the actual board layout and choice of external components influences the best suitable crystal load....
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The above shows my home-built digital clock. It uses Nixie-tubes for readout. In contrast to most other nixie-clocks being built these days, my clock does not use any transistor or IC for driving the tubes. Instead, the driving logic is built from neon....
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Connecting a condenser capsule to the grid of a tube amplifier, in order to build a tube mic. In this part we consider how to connect a capsule with two diaphragms in order to get a multi-pattern mic. First let`s examine the different pickup patterns....
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Even in the simplest of tube microphone circuits, there are different approaches to connecting the microphone capsule to the tube. Let`s use a single-sided microphone capsule as our starting point. The capsule behaves as a variable capacitor, changing its....
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The power supply was built into the base of the mic which can lead to hum issues despite the on-board potentiometer that acts as a `null`. This also means that the mic has two cables running from it - one for power and one for audio. Both mics use two-stage....
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This will walk through adding hardware to a Linksys WRT54GL wireless router that will take advantage of existing connections on the PCB for two UART connections, which will be exposed as DB9 serial port connectors mounted to the faceplate of the router.....
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XinuPhone promotes hands-on interactive learning that is both cross-discipline and application oriented. As a research tool, XinuPhone is a versatile and open-source platform useful for benchmarking experimental methods against industry standards.....
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A real cheap glove interface, that still achieves considerable accuracy while improving the comfortability. Essentially, I purchased a bunch of PowerGloves (PG`s), took out the flex sensors, inserted them in sheaths on a lycra glove and suit, hooked them up....
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The adjustment control for the contrast of an LC-Display is typically a 10-k potentiometer. This works fine, provided that the power supply voltage is constant. If this is not the case (for example, with a battery power supply) then the potentiometer has to....
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This circuit is much more modest, but certainly still worth the effort. It provides a high quality interior light delay. This is a feature that is included as standard with most modern cars, although the version with an automatic dimmer is generally only....
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In some cases, it is desirable to extend the range of the available control and this circuit fits the bill, receiving the IR signal from your remote control and re-transmitting it, for example, around a corner into another room. Photodiode D4 is connected to....
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When turning a computer on and off, various peripherals (such as printers, screen, scanner, etc. ) often have to be turned on and off as well. By using the 5-V supply voltage from the USB interface on the PC, all these peripherals can easily be switched on....
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Before we describe how it`s done, note that we recommend that the result be checked as having sufficient brightness for a stop & tail-light application. That`s because the light output may be inadequate, depending on the tail-light lens and reflector....
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This simple device allows two computers to share a single USB printer or some other USB device, such as an external flash drive, memory card reader or scanner. A rotary switch selects the PC that you wish to use with the USB device, while two LEDs indicate....
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The debate still goes on as to which are better, valves or transistors. We don`t intend to get involved in that argument here. But if you can`t make your mind up, you should try out this simple amplifier. This amplifier uses a valve as a pre-amplifier and a....
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This white-LED driver circuit is ideal for use in a garden light. It automatically turns the LED on at night and runs from a single 1. 2V nicad cell which is recharged by a solar cell during the day. The prototype used the existing casing and solar cell from....
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When the push button is pressed, a clock pulse appears on the CLK input of flip-flop IC1b. The output then toggles and the LEDs turn off. At the same time IC1a is reset, which silences the buzzer. If you press the button again, the LEDs will turn on since....
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This little aid was originally designed to test the Shutter Time Meter. This meter was specifically designed for analogue` SLR cameras. In order to measure the exposure time of a camera accurately, it will first have to be checked with a well-defined signal....
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Using any camera in a dull or dark environment generally requires the use of supplementary light. This is a standard technique, and even where adequate natural lighting exists, to take conventional film pictures with enhanced contrast using a fill-in` flash....
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The flash that is built into digital cameras is designed for indoor photography. At subject distances of greater than five meters or so, the light is usually not powerful enough to take a satisfactory picture. Unfortunately most such cameras do not include a....
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Fluorescent tubes use far less energy than incandescent lamps and fluorescent tubes last a great deal longer as well. Other advantages are diffuse, glare-free lighting and low heat output. For these reasons, fluorescent lighting is the natural choice in....
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However, for applications needing many LEDs, this becomes extravagantly inefficient and it is tempting to keep the voltage drop across the resistor as small as possible. That leads to poor control of the current. ICs such as the MM5450 and its relatives and....
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This circuit reproduces the starting light sequence currently used by FISA for Formula One racing. It could be used with slot car sets (such as HO scale AFX/Life Like/Tyco sets) or radio controlled cars. IC1, a 555 timer IC, is used as a clock pulse....
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Most dimmers use pulse width modulation (PWM) to control the amount of power that is delivered to the lamp. Those that come bundled with a switch faceplate control the firing angle of a Triac on the 240V mains side. These work fine with resistive loads but....
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This toy traffic signal uses a single low-cost hex Schmitt-trigger inverter IC (IC1a-IC1f) to directly drive three coloured LEDs (red, green and amber). At switch-on, the circuit lights the red signal for 30s, then shows green for 6s, then amber for 3s. It....
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The idea behind this economical‚ ashing LED indicator is very simple. It uses a very low frequency oscillator to drive two LEDs. As can be seen in the circuit diagram, the LEDs are connected in anti-parallel. At every change in level there will only be a....
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This circuit turns-off an amplifier or any other device when a low level audio signal fed to its input is absent for 15 minutes at least. Pushing P1 the device is switched-on feeding any appliance connected to SK1. Input audio signal is boosted and squared....
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With two light barriers closely positioned one after the other it is possible to establish in which direction they have been crossed. If, for example, you place it at the entrance of the toilet then you can use it to control the lights: on when entering and....
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This accurate one-pulse-per-second clock is made with a few common parts and driven from a 50 or 60 Hertz mains supply but with no direct connection to it. A beep or metronome-like click and/or a visible flash, will beat the one-second time and can be useful....
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Many households are still graced by tube-type television sets. If you want to connect one of these large tellies to your stereo system to improve the sound quality, this is usually not a problem because there are plenty of SCART to Cinch adapters available....
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This simple circuit can be used to program the PIC16F84 and similar "flash memory" type parts. It uses a cheap 555 timer IC to generate the programming voltage from a +5V rail, allowing the circuit to be powered from a computer`s USB port. The 555 timer....
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The FM Remote Control Receiver` (available on this website in Infra-red circuits section) has a connector where an analogue output is made available. To make a simple intercom or P. A. system the associated transmitter needs a microphone pre-amplifier that....
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This circuit may be used to replace the single current limiting resistor often found in dirt cheap battery chargers. The alternative shown here will eventually pay off because you no longer have to throw away your NiCds after three months or so of....
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The design of the charger is similar to that of many commercially available chargers. The charger consists of a mains adaptor, two resistors and a light-emitting diode (LED). In practical use, this kind of charger is perfectly all right. Resistor R1 serves....
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A simple NiCd charger can be built using junk box` components and an inexpensive LM317 or 78xx voltage regulator. Using a current limiter composed of R3 and a transistor, it can charge as many cells as desired until a fully charged` voltage determined by the....
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The schematic for a monostable multivibrator is shown below. Like the astable multivibrator, one transistor conducts and the other cuts off when the circuit is energized. Recall that when the astable multivibrator was first energized, it was impossible to....
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The lm1877 is an amplifier stereo developed to supply 2W / channel in loads of 8 ohms It was drawn to work with the minimum of external components. Turning him/it a circuit integrated flexible that it can be used in several applications of audio....
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TDA2030 is a circuit integrated monolithic in Pentawat ® package, to be used as class audio amplifier AB. Typically he supplies up to 14 Watts of potency (d=0. 5%) @ 14V/4 ©. The guaranteed potency is 12W in a load of 4 © and 8 watts in a load of 8 ©.....
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The TDA2040 is a monolithic integrated circuit in Pentawatt package, intended for use as an audio class AB amplifier. Typically it provides 22W output power (d = 0. 5%) at Vs = 32V/4. The TDA2040 provides high output current and has very low harmonic and....
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LM4782 uses the system of protection of National Self Peak Instantaneous Temperature ( Ke) (SPiKeTM). Spike protects the exit of the lm4782 of on tension on load, short of the source for gnd, temperature protection and picks instantaneous of temperature.....
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The LM1875 delivers 20 watts into a 4 or 8 load on ±25V supplies. Using an 8 load and ±30V supplies, over 30 watts of power may be delivered. The amplifier is designed to operate with a minimum of external components. Device overload protection consists of....
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The internal mute circuit and pre-set gain resistors provide for a very economical design solution. Output power specifications at both 20V and 24V supplies and low external component count offer high value to consumer electronic manufacturers for stereo TV....
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The lm1875 is a monolithic audio amplifier that offers a very low distortion and a performance of high quality for projects of audio amplifiers. The lm1875 supplies 20 watts in loads of 4 Ohms or 8 Ohms...
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He only contributes with 3. 2nV/ HZ of noise tension and 0. 45pA/ HZ of current noise to the circuit. To minimize the noise of other sources, R3 it is configured for 100 ©. That generates tension of noise additional of only 1. 3nV/ HZ. R1, R2, c1, and c @....
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This circuit is a complete application is 2. 1 amp, two satellite speakers for TDA and one for the subwoofer, making the 2. 1 system, widely used in commercial applications as an amplifier for computers, which may give an increased in its audio system with a....
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Afroman goes over the basics of how to use an operational amplifier to amplify tiny voltages, and builds a circuit to listen to very faint sounds with a microphone. For more information about amplifiers, Google inverting amplifier non-inverting amplifier ....
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It is to be used as amplifier of potency of RF in the high strip of of the power source that should be capable to supply a tension of 13 volts with a current of 10 amperes. it demands right care in the assembly of the source. Terrified armored transformer,....
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Here is the 22 watt stereo audio power amplifier circuit diagram based on TDA1554 and integrated circuit from NXP semiconductors (formerly PHILIPS semiconductors). It is very simple and useful circuit for amplify the stereo signals. The circuit dissipates....
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This HD TV UHF wideband amplifier (Ultra High Frequency amplifier ) has a total gain of 10 to 15 dB in the 400 850 MHz domain frequency so it can be used where the tv signal is weak. For this UHF antenna tv amplifier to work correctly you need to cut the....
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The circuit integrated la3607 allows to just set up a graphic equalizer of 7 bands for a channel adding some capacitors and variable resistors to the circuit. The cut frequency can be adjusted using variable resistors. It possesses high stability for loads....
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Evolution FM transmitter with 2n2218 with audio amplification step using LM741 op amp with audio input for MP3, MP4, mobile, computer and other audio sources, beyond the traditional electret microphone. With great sensitivity to the input signal. Using fewer....
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The LM358 series consists of two independent, high gain, internally frequency compensated operational amplifiers which were designed specifically to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. Operation from split power supplies is also....
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That circuit is to test the motor servant of the parabolic antenna it is working perfectly, although a system with lnbf is much more appropriate, a lot of people they still use systems using lnb and servo motor. Then the idea of that circuit is to help to....
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Converser of temperature tension. To be used with a digital multimeter with reach from -40 °C to 110 °C. With checker of the state of it laughed and a without any adjustment, thanks to LM35! The ice is founded the 0 °C and the point of ebullition of the....
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This small circuit transmitter processes the signs of audio of a sound table or microphone, and the signs of video of a camera, or still the audio signs and video of a DVD, Video-cassette or even it sweats her video plate has an exit of composed video, you....
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This small transmitter can arrive the more than 1 km in favorable conditions of emission. The modulation can be made so much with a microphone, for an electrets microphone, or other audio source. The 5 turns of enameled thread 22 AWG, with diameter of 1 cm....
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Just point this small device at the TV and the remote gets jammed. The circuit is self explanatory. 555 is wired as an astable multivibrator for a frequency of nearly 38 kHz. This is the frequency at which most of the modern TVs receive the IR beam. The....
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Since then NL has evolved into the Microsoft Windows ®-based NL4, which has been used extensively by world-class engineers in different fields of electronics for almost 10 years. NL5 is the first version to be publicly available. Unlike conventional....
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The magnetometer was moved to an outdoor location and a specialized enclosure was built. An accessory temperature controller was included to maintain a constant temperature and digital link was created to ferry the recorded data back into the laboratory.....
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The general idea is to space the time internals to increment the DAC output values. There would be 256 levels since there are 8 digital outputs from the Arduino board. Therefore, for an 8-bit, 50s ramp time for example, the way to generate a digital ramp ....
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Inverter circuit to power EL backlights and fluorescent tubes, so the output is about 127 VAC as he claimed. But I want 1kV or more to make at least 1mm purple plasma as Tesla coil usually produce! (30kV is required to make 1cm length plasma). Therefore i....
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In the voltage to time conversion section, the analog input voltage is fed to the attenuation circuit. The attenuated signal is compared with the the ramp signal generated by the ramp generator given in the block diagram by the input comparator `C1`.....
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The Dynaco Mark III is the highest power amplifier that was widely sold under the dyna name. There was a nigher power amp (the Mark VI), but it wasn`t widely available. The Dyna MKIII has a basic design flaw that none of the other Dynaco products have. The....
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When a GATE signal (between 3V and 15V), the capacitor C5 acts as a differenciator and converts the gate signal into a brief positive pulse (width 10 ms). D1 protects the circuit from negative voltages. The brief pulse created on the rising edge of the GATE....
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Trimming is quite easy if you use matched NPNs for Q1 and Q2, and 1% tolerance resistors for R6 to R11. You will need a dual trace scope, a DVM and a sinewave generator. Using 10 turn trimmers is a little bit more expensive than using 1 turn but makes it....
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I needed an excuse to use the soldering iron so I figured that I might as well as make a frequency counter which is something that I`ve always wanted, but lacked in my lab. Here`s the schematic. I drew it up in OrCAD PSpice a while back. Since then, I have....
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Controlling the speed of a motor is very important in many situations especially in robotics. There are many techniques of controlling the speed of motors, each with their advantages and disadvantages. This document will show you how to build a motor....
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For the purpose of this project, digital signals can be communicated with computers while analog signals can`t. RS232 is the name given to your serial port. At the back of your computer, there`s many ports where you can plug things into. The RS232 port has 9....
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Fly back transformers are commonly found in television sets and can put out 50, 000 volts, enough power to lift a 350 pound man up and throw him back 10-20 feet killing him instantly. Also the component`s are picky sometimes and reversing the polarity....
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How to create a Battery pack for your Apple device that is powered by normal Alkaline batteries. This will be a general overview of building the circuit for the battery pack and the detailed instructions for the case will be given in part 2 of this post.....
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Making 90 degree phase shift on VHF. This IQ Oscillator is easy way with two logic IC`s. 74AC04 inverter is used as oscillate circuit. C5 and R6 is phase shifter. 74HC14 has a duty to convert into square-wave. It is usualy used 74HCU04 in crystal oscillator....
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Using LEDs as light sensors. A DDR pad. We designed our pad to have no moving parts. Instead, we chose to measure light reflectance off the user`s feet to determine if one of the arrows was being stepped on or not. Since a design with no moving parts offers....