Top Circuits Page 58

This circuit amplifies the output of a regular electret condensor microphone quite nicely.. adjust sensitivity by turning R1..

this is a very easy circuit to build - all parts can be found at the local electronics shop...

This circuit will be useful if you have an electret microphone that produces a low audio (sound) level and you want to connect it to an amplifier or something like it. The circuit boosts the microphone output voltage to obtain an acceptable signal level.....

A three-dimensional surround sound Ambisonic recording can be captured using a tetrahedrally arranged quartet of cardioid pattern microphone capsules connected to some simple circuitry to convert the outputs to a standard B-format signal. B-format signals....

A professional suggestion for those interested in improving sound. The circuit constitutes the part of input mixing console sound from the microphone or source of high level . It can be used on it's own or be multiplied to the number of channels required.....

If you've crossed the line and play guitar or bass and also sing in a band, you're almost certain to have run into the situation that you step away from the mike to do a solo (or one of those neato, expressive dance steps, or a facial impression of the pain....

All vocal eliminators start with the assumption that the lead vocal in a recording is in the center of the stereo field - which means that it is equal amplitude and phase in both left and right channels. Subtracting one channel from the other removes this....

This is a simple microphone preamplifier circuit which you can use between your microphone and stereo amplifier. This circuit amplifier microphone suitable for use with normal home stereo amplifier line/CD/aux/tape inputs. This microphone preamplifier can....

Soundblaster soundcard series (SB16, SB32, AWE32 and AWE64) have all a microphone input designed to be used with the electret microphones which come with the soundcard package (some packages) or with separate microphone designed to be used with SoundBlaster....

The circuit is shown in Figure 1, and as described above, uses a voltage doubler rectifier. Diodes D1 and D2 are 1N4004 or similar. From there, a pair of resistors provide additional smoothing to the secondary filter caps. R3 is used to balance the voltage....

A microphone preamplifier using: om CMOS op amp with its own battery, is small enough to be placed in a case of small microphone. The amplifier operates from a 1.5V battery cathode mercury low supply currents. This preamp will operate at very low power and....

FM radio transmission frequency band design, it can be used with any FM radio receiver to the high-frequency signal and restores the high frequency signal from the audio signal..

1.5V-powered microphone signal amplifying circuit 1.V power supply shown for the microphone signal amplifying circuit, which by VT2, VT3 differential amplifier is constituted o..

Production of high-quality wireless microphone is the desire of many readers, but amateur ..

The sound card for a PC generally has a microphone input, speaker output and sometimes line inputs and outputs. The mic input is designed for dynamic microphones only in impedance range of 200 to 600 ohms. Lazar has adapted the sound card to use..

Circuit as shown. This circuit uses NEC Corporation of Japan as a major production upc1651 integrated circuit device, the circuit gain high, stable, thus ensuring high performance microphone. It consists of using the FM transmitter circuit...

AM This circuit is tested and functionable. LM389 integrated circuit as the core element, the voice channel number acquired by the microphone MIC and converted into electrical ..

As shown in FIG constituted by INA217 professional miniature microphone (microphone) typical preamp circuit. FIG set a switch for selecting whether the choice of phantom power ..

Because the common mode signal rejection ratio depends on the input transformer, it should be used or homemade good balance transformer (It should be noted l frequency increase..

Both transistors are low noise types. In the original circuit, I used BC650C which is an ultra low noise device. These transistors are now hard to find but BC109C are a good re..

Industrial, automotive and telecom applications pose tough design challenges due to harsh operating environments and large voltage transients on already high (12V to 48V) rails. Some switching power supplies are robust enough to provide localized low....

The design of battery-powered equipment can often be quite challenging. Since few ICs can operate directly from the end-of-life voltage from a 2-cell battery (about 1.8V), most systems require a DC/DC converter. The system designer often has a limited....

Conventional monolithic micropower op amps with a wide supply voltage range require a large die area and therefore, a large package and footprint. The unconventional LT®6011 dual op amp fits 25mV input precision micropower operation and wide 2.7V to 36V....

The LT®6700 dual comparator incorporates features to reduce part count in space-critical designs, including a trimmed on-chip 400mV bandgap derived reference and internal hysteresis mechanisms. The LT6700 also features low voltage micropower single....

Some applications require a circuit to indicate that a battery`s voltage has fallen below a certain value. However, if you don`t frequently check the indicator, the low-battery indicator itself can easily discharge the battery. The circuit in Figure 1....

It is always desirable to use a low-battery indicator that consumes as little power as possible. For a 9V, 450-mAhr alkaline battery, a 50-µA low-battery indicator can by itself run the battery down in a little more than a year. Battery-powered devices that....

The LT®1500/LT1501 current mode step-up regulators control both the maximum and minimum inductor current, resulting in continuous inductor current and nearly constant switching frequency and output ripple over a wide load current range. The switching....

A `micro power solar engine` has been a goal since my introduction to BEAM Robotics. I believe that if there wasn`t one before, I there is one now. What I`m presenting to you looks very similar to one of the circuits found in Steven Bolt`s web pages.....

The circuit in Figure 1 implements a low-cost, micropower, latching motor controller that uses current sensing rather than switches to stop the motor. The design is optimized for a supply voltage of 3 to 9V, making it well-suited to battery-powered....

When a processor-controlled device must operate reliably, designers often choose to periodically reset the processor rather than rely on a watchdog configuration. In low-power systems, this periodic-reset circuit can consume a large part of the system`s....

Voltage reference integrated circuits are widely used to establish accurate and stable voltages in analog circuits. While calibration-grade references are based on buried Zener diode technology (or even more exotic methods), the ubiquitous band-gap....

Portable electronic devices operating from one or more alkaline or nickel-metal-hydride cells require a boosted supply that is both small and efficient. Linear Technologys new LTC®3401 and LTC3402 are high frequency micropower synchronous boost....

The LT®1462/LT1464 duals and the LT1463/LT1465 quads are the first micropower op amps to offer picoampere input bias currents and unity-gain stability when driving capacitive loads. For each amplifier, the LT1462/LT1463 consume only 28mA of supply....

Data acquisition applications that require low power dissipation fall into two general areas: products that must use power very efficiently, such as battery-powered portable test equipment, and remotely located data logging equipment. To help meet these....

Linear Technology introduces a new micropower DC/DC converter designed to provide high output power from a single cell or higher input voltage. The LT®1308 features an onboard switch capable of handling 2A with a voltage drop of 300mV and operates from....

Two combinations of cell count and output voltage are to be strictly avoided: three cells converted to 3.3V and four cells converted to 5V. These combinations are troublesome because no ordinary regulator (boost, buck or linear) can accommodate a....

You can expect 100mA output from LT1303 based circuits and 300mA from the LT1372 circuit without modification. All of the circuits feature output disconnect; in shutdown the outputs fall to 0V...

The LTC1155, dual micropower MOSFET driver, generates 12V from a 5V rail to fully enhance logic-level Nchannel switches with no external components required (see Figure 1). Further, the supply current is typically 85mA with the switch fully enhanced and....

The LTC®1541 combines a micropower amplifier, comparator and 1.2V reference in an 8-pin package. The part operates from a single 2.5V to 12.6V supply with typical supply current of 5mA. Both op amp and comparator feature a common mode input voltage range....

The only SOT-23 op amps featuring Over-The-TopTM operation the ability to operate with either or both inputs above the positive railare the 55mA LT®1782 and the 300mA LT1783. This feature is important in many currentsensing applications, where the inputs....

Three new linear regulators simplify the design of batteryoperated equipment. The LT®1521 is a 300mA, positive low dropout regulator with micropower quiescent current and shutdown. The LT1175 is a 500mA negative complement with adjustable current limit.....

The LTC®1440 series comparators are true micropower devices. They eliminate current peaking during switching, resulting in greatly reduced power consumption versus frequency, or when the inputs are nearly balanced. Figure 2s plot contrasts the LTC1440s....

Shows a 32.768 kl-b: micro-power clock oscillator circuit, and can be used in mobile phones, laptop computers and home appliances production generates a clock signal supplements...

Shown for the WS157 or WS106 with low power miniature switching power supply. WS157 or WS106 is newly developed in recent years a regulated switching power supply control device, the internal control circuitry and power switches integrated on the same chip,..

Compared to other operational amplifier, OP90 significant advantage in low power consumption. With its low power consumption, the power supply voltage adapted to a wide range (..

The SCC3 is a solar charge controller, it`s function is to regulate the power flowing from a photovoltaic panel into a rechargeable battery. It features easy setup with one potentiometer for the float voltage adjustment, an equalize function for periodic....

A 12 Volt solar power system can provide power to a wide variety of devices. Some examples include: lighting systems, cellular phones, CB and Ham radios, car stereos, televisions, recording equipment, fans, water pumps, and other low voltage DC loads. With....

In many applications, it`s desirable to disable LEDs used for system verification. Many options are available for the disabling function, including manual SPST (single-pole single-throw) switches, enhancement- and depletion-mode MOSFETs, bipolar-junction....

The remote solar powered LED light takes advantage of the current limited nature of solar photovoltaic cells. If light shines on the solar array, current will flow through the circuit. For a typical size of solar cell, there is a maximum current that can be....

I decided to make a commercial surface mount PC board using the LED2 sensor concept. It is quite sensitive and can track to a few degrees of accuracy in bright sunlight. If a blocking shadow is used the accuracy is better then 1/4 degree, that`s about as....

Tired of always spending money on flashlight batteries only to have them fail just when you need them? Try this simple circuit out. It would make an excellent science fair project. The white LEDs are quite bright, they provide enough light to illuminate a....

This circuit is intended for charging lead-acid batteries with a solar panel. The customary diode that prevents the battery from discharging through the solar panel has been replaced by a FET-comparator combination. The charger will stop charging once a....

How would you use an SE with a chip enable? Good question and well one thing leads to another and before you know it a new solar roller is born. The design started out as a simple example of using the 1381wr SE to enable a 74AC240 chip. But with all those....

No description available...

The Tritium circuit was the first (to my knowledge) type 3 SE. As such, it is quite experimental, and should be regarded as a prototype rather than the `state of the art`! Nevertheless, it does function reasonably well, and in some circumstances outperforms....

The capacitor charges until the PNP transistor (here shown as a 2N3906, but you could also use a BC327) receives base current through the Zener and turns on. Then the NPN transistor (here shown as a 2N3904, but you could also use a BC337) turns on and....

Designs for solar-powered applications with low-duty-cycle requirements can often rely on capacitors for energy storage in place of less reliable batteries. Typical applications include solar positioning, telemetry transmitters, chemical pumps, data loggers,....

The reading lamp consists of a small solar panel, a standard UPS style lead acid battery, and an LED circuit board. The circuit board contains a low power solar charge controller (regulator), a set of 8 white LEDs, a switch, an LED current regulator, and a....

Well the most common use is in a solaroller which is a small wheeled car that charges up and then moves in a quick burst of speed. Since you can only use motors and coils with this circuit robots built with this circuit are mainly mechanical such as my....

Power this project from sunlight with a CirKits solar power circuit board kit. Other LED lamp circuits can be seen at FC`s Solar Circuits, another interesting LED project is my 13 Color LED Rainbow. This circuit makes a nice lamp that consumes little power,....

The solar-lantern circuit in Figure 1 is a low-loss configuration that uses a 7W, four-pin CFL (compact fluorescent lamp) and a 12V, 7-Ahr, sealed, maintenance-free battery. The inverter features greater-than-85% efficiency, less-than-2-mA quiescent current,....

Here`s a circuit diagram (originally drawn by Wilf Rigter, I corrected it based on Bob`s on-list feedback) for Bob`s "Vore-N-More" circuit containing the SmartCap solar engine: In this diagram, the "SmartCap" is just the 1.5 F storage capacitor,....

The SIMD1 was enhanced in the Solar Regulator version which supplies a constant 2V after triggering and permits driving LEDs without using current limiting resistors with constant brightness. Note that you can use this Low Drop Out (LDO) linear regulator for....

This must be the most efficient bipolar transistor motor driver design for this application and I recommend it for the solar roller competitions. A 1381E is used to trigger at 2.4V. While it takes a total of 10 components plus motor compared to the stock....

The Miller solar engine uses a 1381* voltage detector (a.k.a., a voltage supervisor) IC to drive a voltage-based (type 1) solar engine. The 1381 is normally used to reset CPUs and Micros when the power supply drops too low for reliable operation. So 1381s....

Wilf Rigter simplified this circuit a bit, made it phototropic, and doubled it up to yield a photopopper design in a post later the same day. I`ve got this design written up elsewhere in the library...

The SPC2 is a solar power center, it can be used to handle all of the power functions for small 12 Volt solar powered devices. It contains a photovoltaic charge controller and a low voltage load disconnect circuit. The low voltage disconnect has a load....

The design goals of this circuit were efficiency, simplicity, reliability and the use of field replaceable parts. A medium power solar system can be built with the SCC3, a 12V (nominal) solar panel that is rated from 100 milliamps to 20 amps, and a lead acid....

In the actual device the transistors are bolted to the aluminium case. The schematic diagram shown here represents how the circuit would be built if all components were on-board. Separate paths for load current and voltage sensing allow the battery voltage....

The previous version of this device used pulse width modulation (pwm) to control the power from the five solar panels to charge the battery bank. Under full sun conditions the MOSFETS got a bit warm and the whole unit radiated a lot of RFI. This design....

Few years back, I had been working on a project for solar auto lighting. The light will turn on when the the solar panel voltage drop below a set point indicating that it is dark. The detection is done by using D2 in the schematic. The zener diode value will....

This project uses the 1.2v rechargeable battery and solar panel from a Solar Garden Light. These lights can be bought for less than $5.00 in most $2.00 shops or similar shops that sell general household items. We are also using the housing for this project....

This is another kit in our self-sufficiency range. We also have a 12v fluoro inverter kit for those who need to operate 20watt to 40watt fluorescent lamps from a 12v supply. We will be introducing a number of kits for those who have opted to live with 12v....

The circuit consists of two stages. The first stage is a "switch" or cut-off device. It detects a voltage above 0.7v from the solar panel and the resistance between its collector-emitter terminals reduces to a very small value. The 10k resistor allows the....

The circuit presented here uses linear shunt regulation. Simply spoken, it burns off all excess energy from the panel, keeping output voltage constant. At times when the solar panel output is equal or greater than the load, and the battery is fully charged,....

When the panel isn't generating, the entire circuit is off and there is absolutely no current drain from the battery. When the sun gets up and panel starts producing at least 10 Volt, the LED lights and the two small transistors switch on. This powers the....

Make your own solar powered robot at home using things you probably already have. Transistors, resistor, capacitor, solar battery and flashing LED are available at any electronic store, if you don't already have them. Solar cells out of calculators work as....

As illustrated, the control circuit by the NE555 and phototransistor, R1, C1, C2 and so on. Photodiodes 3DU12 when sunlight to photodiodes, due to its resistance becomes smaller, so that the voltage of the circuit 555 is greater than 6 feet,..

This is a very simple circuit that can detect electromagnetic radiation. The circuit can even detect hidden wrings. A 1mH inductor is used to sense the electric field...

Picured in Figure 1 is a miniature magnetic gun. When optimally tuned, it will propel a small slug about 1.5 metres high, or 2.5 metres horizontally. IC1 is a 555 timer in astable mode, sending approx. 10 ms pulses to decade counter IC2. IC2 is....

his Design Idea describes a virtual instrument that uses a desktop or notebook computer with an analog data-acquisition card and National Instruments` (www.ni.com) LabView software (Version 7.1 or above). In operation, the software extracts B-H-loop....

This circuit was formed to create a wireless alarm from a normal magnetic contact. By fixing the magnet to the leaf of a door, or swing of a drawer, it is easy to reveal the opening. To transmit the signal to a control anti-theft we modify the circuit of a....

Here is an interesting circuit for a magnetic proximity switch which can be used in various applications. The magnetic proximity switch circuit, in principle, consists of a reed switch at its heart. When a magnet is brought in the vicinity of the sensor....

Easy exchange of magnetic saturation voltage regulator circuit ..

Application Circuit biaxial magnetic field sensor shown. Using a biaxial magnetic sensor HMC1002, two AMP04 (A1, A2), the magnetic field can simultaneously measure the X-axis d..

As shown in FIG grounds HMC1001 and an operational amplifier (AMP04) and light emitting diode (LED) constituting the proximity switch circuit. As used herein, the op amp as a c..

Biaxial magnetic field sensor application circuit as shown in FIG. Using a biaxial magnetic sensor HMC1002, two AMP04 (A1, A2), the magnetic field can simultaneously measure th..

By LK16-5/31 type master controller and PQY1 Series Magnetic control panel consisting of a control circuit. Figure, SQ1, SQ2 the motor is, reverse limit switch. Master controll..

By LK16-5/31 type master controller and PQY2 Series Magnetic control panel consisting of a control circuit. The figure shows, PQY2 series control panel and magnetic series of m..

By master controller LKl-12/90 and a magnetic disk control PQR10A composed of a control circuit. Cam control device SA contact closure is shown in Table 8-5. The main electrica..

By master controller and PQS1 Series Magnetic control panel consisting of a control circuit for controlling the bridge crane hoist lifting mechanism of control. Master controll..

Circuit shown in Figure 3-36. Starter contact closure is shown in table 3-1. Figure, Ul, Vi, wl and U2, vz, W2 are the first three-phase stator windings of the motor terminal. ..

The IRPLLNR2 is a high efficiency, high power factor, fixed output electronic ballast designed for driving rapid start fluorescent lamp types. The design contains an EMI filter, active power factor correction and a ballast control circuit using the....

The circuit is built around the IR2520D Ballast Control IC. The IR2520D provides adjustable preheat time, adjustable run frequency to set the lamp power, high starting frequency for soft start and to avoid lamp flash, fault protection for open filament....

285 is indiscriminately using a battery-powered fluorescent lamp circuit, towns during a power outage use it as a temporary emergency according to the invention. Transistor V 7..

This circuit is a simple ultraviolate light that can be powered by a 6 volt battery or power supply (such as the power supply on the "Circuits" page) that is capable of supplying 1 or more amps...

Virtually all domestic and professional dimming systems are based on triacs. These devices will conduct once they have been fired, only while current flows in excess of the holding current of the device. These dimmers work very well with a resistive load....

A complete digital dimming system includes the dimming ballasts and a digital control unit for converting information from an Ethernet connection to the communication protocol required by the micro-controller in each ballast (Figure 1). Applications for....

In this circuit the switches are power MOSFETs driven to conduct alternately by windings on a current transformer. The primary of this transformer is driven by the current in the lamp circuit and operates at the resonant frequency of L-C. Unfortunately,....

The IRPLLNR1 is a high efficiency, high power factor, non-dimmable electronic ballast designed for linear fluorescent lamp types. The design contains an active power factor correction circuit for universal voltage input and a ballast control circuit....