Popular Circuits Page 219
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Bipolar junction transistors transfer a current from a lower-resistance emitter to a higher-resistance collector. You can use this property to measure inductance....
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In contrast to an ordinary voltmeter, the input of an oscilloscope generally has one side (GND) connected to ground via the mains lead. In certain situati....
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This wide-range light dimmer circuit uses a unijunction transistor and a pulse transformer to provide phase control for the TRIAC. The circuit operates from a 115 volt, 60 Hz source and can control up to 800 watts of power to incandescent tights. The power....
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Ql is connected as an emitter follower in order to present a high input impedance to the guitar. C2, being a relatively low capacitance, cuts out most of the bass, and C3 with RV1 acts as a simple tone control to cut the treble, and hence the amount of....
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Figure 1 shows an efficient and cost-effective frequency counter using an Atmel 89C2051 µC (Reference 1). The design can use any µC of the 8051 family. The circuit counts frequency and sends the count to a PC via the serial port. The signal connects to pin....
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With RFT illuminated, point R goes to 0 volt and LM runs. With LFT illuminated, point R goes to 0 volt and RM runs. With RFT and/or LFT not illuminated, points R/L go to +9 volt; P1 and P2 controls threshold point when RM/LM stop or start running. Remember....
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This is an experiment on the closed loop DC servomotor control system (SMC). It will able to be used for practical use with/without some modifications. The closed loop servo mechanism requires real-time servo operations, such as position control, velocity....
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This circuit uses an SAD 512D (Reticon) chip, which is a 512-stage analog shift register. By varying th..
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Flashing occurs each time the capacitor discharges through the tumed-on SCR. When the discharge current falls below the SCR holding current, the SCR turns off, and the capacitor begins charging for another cycle. ..
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Using this schematic I doubled the range of my IR LED, the power drawn in the circuit is now 37mA. My former circuit, without using a NPN transistor drew 20mA (JeeNode max per digital pin). So that`s almost twice the power. You could increase this even....
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Color TV subcarrier generator. The crystal shown is for 3. 58 MHz. The ECG1131 noted on the schematic is a chroma signal amplifier. The ECG1132 is a 16-pin DIP (courtesy GTE Sylvania Incorporated). ..
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AC welder is intermittent operation, the intermittent load power consumption during the period up to several hundred watts. AC welder saving controller circuit shown in Fig. Th..
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No fire replaced ignitor still no fire checked for voltage to valve assy none checked safety switches on fire box & vent normally closed condition okayhow do I check the centrifical switch & pressure switch for proper operation....
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The transmitter is built on a Printed Circuit Board. This board uses track inductor for L1, L2 and part of L3. The section built around Q1 is the oscillator section. Oscillation frequency is determined by L1, C4 & C5 which forms the tank. Actually C5 is the....
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The dark detector circuit shown here can be used to produce an audible alarm when the light inside a room goes OFF. The circuit is build around timer IC N....
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This cell phone charger circuit diagram electronic project is based on the FSEZ1307 third-generation primary side regulation (PSR) PWM controller integrated circuit. The FEZ1307 cell phone charger can be used for battery chargers applications for devices....
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Electronic Circuit Breaker. This circuit can sense the overload condition and breaks the power if the load increases above the set point. It is an ideal circuit to protect Uninterrupted Power Supply devices like Inverter ..
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This circuit turns-off an amplifier or any other device when a low level audio signal fed to its input is absent for 15 minutes at least. Pushing P1 the device is switched-on feeding any appliance connected to SK1. Input audio signal is boosted and squared....
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The LA2010 is an IC for detecting interprogram spaces to pick out the starting point of a program immediately preceding or following a musical program recorded on tape. By Sanyo Semiconductor Corporation ..
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Here I have described how to connect a 16 by 2 LCD display to a microcontroller. Here I have demostrated it with very common pic 16F877A. This is the circuit diagram. Here I haven`t showed the power supply and oscillator connection for pic and LCD. LCD....
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Any microcontroller in the ATmegaXX8 family should work, though if you`re going to go to the trouble of building this, spending a few tens of cents on extra flash memory seems like a prudent idea. A DIP socket is, strictly speaking, optional, but not having....
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Transistor amplifier circuits which are very simple and easy to construct. Includes head phone amplifier, 4 transistor amplifier and a low power amplifier....
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These are two - easy to build - relay-based alarms. You can use them to protect your motorcycle - but they have many more applications. If you use relays with 6-volt coils - they`ll protect your "Classic Bike". Both alarms are very small. The completed....
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This AM receiver is working perfectly without the need of coils or even a variable capacitor. The LF356 is the basic component. P1 and P2 are the frequency selectors. Use a small telescopic antenna. The stations selectivity is not perfect but is acceptable. ..
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This circuit is ideal for use as an over-under temperature monitor, where its dual output feature can be used to drive HIGH and LOW temperature-indicator lamps, relays, etc. Tl is a 6.3 volt filament transformer whose secondary winding is connected inside a....
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As a result of the relay control (several pairs of contacts, if more capacity is connected in parallel), so the lamp power can be large, the circuit is very simple, just change the capacitor capacitance, you can get a different flash frequency...
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Circuit shown in Figure 11-14. It uses a one-way thyristor, is poured into the liquid level automatic control circuits. Electrodes for detecting sensing element for water or ot..
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As shown in Figure 1 hour using a LM122 timer circuit. Start of the circuit, reset and stop halfway, etc. are converted by the switching operation. Figure, S1 to start timing w..
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555 Timers are very fun to encounter and experiment with. They can be used as a timer and can be set to a certain frequency. In Part II of Electronic Project I, we created a circuit that would get an LED to flash. This time we are going to add a speaker so....
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This temperature controlled relay circuit is a simple yet highly accurate thermal control circuit which can be used in applications where automatic tempera....
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Whenever AC mains supply fails, this circuit alerts you by sounding an alarm. It also provides a backup light to help you find your way to the torch or the generator key in the dark. The circuit is powered directly by a 9V PP3/6F22 compact battery. Pressing....
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Has an input resistance of 1-MO, a bandwidth from de to about 35 MHz, and a gain of 10 times. Lowfrequency gain is provided by a CA3130 BiMOS op amp operated as a single-supply amplifier. High-frequency gain is provided by a 40673 dual-gate MOSFET. ..
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Commonly referred to as automatic amplitude control circuit AGC circuit. It is mainly used in the receiver, the machine when the input signal amplitude change to maintain the o..
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The MLX90224 series are dual Hall effect Latches It includes two Hall effect latch functions of which typical thresholds are +/- 2. 0 mT. In each latch, the magnetic flux detection is performed by a switched silicon Hall plate. The BOP and BRP are....
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Hi again, I`ve got a `72 twin reverb on the bench and I`m looking for advice. I`ve never worked with a twin before. This model is silverface, pots and ....
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The schematic below appears typical stepper motor driver application with NJM3770A. As seen in the diagram, the single channel stepper motor drivers NJM3717 and NJM3770A are not synchronized..
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A shows a typical LTC 1148 surface-mount, application providing 5 V at 2 A from an input voltage of 5.5 V to 13.5 V. The operating efficiency, shown in B, peaks at 97% and exceeds 90% from 10 mA to 2 A with a 10-V input. Ql and Q2 comprise the main switch....
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The range of this FM transmitter is around 100 meters at 9V DC supply. The circuit comprises three stages. The first stage is a microphone preamplifier built around BC548 transistor. The next stage is a VHF oscillator wired around another BC548. (BC series....
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This is the current schematic for the Boost converter. The negative power is connected to the emitters and LED cathode. With the values shown, the circuit draws about 18 mA and drives the LED to 5 mA or so. Higher input voltage, up to 3 volts assuming white....
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Application Example A photovoltaic control circuit, the figure of Triac is called solid state relays, load it provides AC power supply path. To achieve high current control sig..
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This rf detector can locate low-power transmitters (bugs) that are hidden from sight. It can sense the presence of a 1-mW transmitter at 20 feet. which is sensitive enough to detect the tiniest bug. As you bring the rf detector closer to the bug, more and....
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As shown in FIG DC millivoltmeter a three and a half digital display, with high accuracy, performance, stability and ease of use. Its measurement range is 0 ~ 1.999mV, measurem..
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This circuit lets you control any line powered electrical device (a lamp, television, fan, etc. ) using any infra-red remote control. Almost everyone these days has a pile of old IR remotes left over from appliances they have long ago disposed of them. With....
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The user CPLD is only used in this design to interface the LCD module and is the same code as used in the Attaching an LCD module to the EB675001DIP application note. CLinux was used to communicate with the GPS module. Communication is simply achieved using....
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This generally results in a square wave if the frequency of oscillation is low enough relative to the amplifier`s bandwidth Crystal Controlled Oscillator schematic of a low frequency sine wave oscillator featuring low distortion, wideband operation and....
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ICs that in the past were far too expensive for the hobbyist tend to be more favourably priced these days. An example of this is the AD8099 from Analog Devices. This opamp is available for only a few pounds. The AD8099 is a very fast opamp (1600 V/ms) and....
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The simplified circuit [Fig.2] shows that each sub-amplifier consists of two voltage gain stages. The first stage consists of a complementary two stage common emitter [Q1-7] whose gain is about x2.3. The second stage is a current mirror stage [Q13-14] which....
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A circuit for isolating a variable resistor is shown. An optoisolator that has an LED arid a photo-conductive cell (or photoresistor) is used. The current through the LED controls its brightness, which in turn determines the resistance between terminals A....
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The following circuit shows about Boost Converter Circuit Diagram. This Circuit Based On The 555 IC. Featrures: only requires an `of the shelf` ....
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rfRXD0920 The RFRXD0420 RFRXD0920 are low cost, compact single frequency short-range Radio receivers requiring only a minimum number of external components for a complete receiver system. The RFRXD0420 covers the receive frequency range of 300 MHz to 450 MHz....
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This high voltage generator can generate stable high voltage above 8kV. Its circuit is simple. It is stable and reliable. This circuit includes step-down rectifier, voltage regulator circuit, 18kHz multivibrator type oscillator and booster transformer, etc.....
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IR radiation from LED2 (modulated by a 1-kHz wave) is keyed by Ul, and Ql is radiated. Reflected IR energy i..
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A lot of FM transmitter circuits have been already published here. This just another one, a simple two transistor FM transmitter. The first stage of the circuit is a preamplifier stage based on transistor Q1. This is a collector to base biased amplifier....
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The techometer also called revolution counter is an instrument that measure the speed of a rotating machinery. Generally these measurements are rated in revolutions per minute (R. P. M). In this project we have decided to make our own sensor using a led as....
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This is the schematic for an FM transmitter with 3 to 3.5 W output power that can be used between 90 and 110 MHz. Although the stability isn`t so bad, a PLL can be used on this circuit....
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Integrating analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) provide high resolution analog-to-digital conversions, with good noise rejection. These ADCs are ideal for digitizing low bandwidth signals, and are used in applications such as digital multi-meters and panel....
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Class D audio amplifiers provide a dual benefit for battery-powered portable devices (Figure). They enhance battery life, and they produce much less power dissipation than do their linear cousins. Those features make Class D amplifiers ideal candidates for....
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The circuit in Figure 1 provides ±18 to ±20V adjustable LCD bias voltages with 1% tracking accuracy. The circuit operates from a single 4.2 to 2.5V Li-ion cell for portable monochrome LCD applications. The circuit comprises two blocks: a negative-bias supply....
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The CYB-P51 (Rev A) Prototyping Board is designed as a two layer board (without power and ground planes). All components, except the premounted P-51, are through-hole for easy probing and replacement of parts. The board has an oscillator circuit and a....
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To create a square-wave generator but I would like to modify it by getting an output that runs from 0 to +5V, as well as changing the signal so that I can change the duty cycle of the pulse(PWM)...
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In present day, variety good sensors are available to measure almost anything. In this tutorial will explore the wonderful world of sensors, starting with a very simple analog temperature sensor LM35. We will learn how to interface it with PIC MCU and....
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This is a design circuit for converter that using for a very practical LM2623A ratio adaptive circuit to drive a digital camera motor. It produces 5 volts from input voltages ranging between 1. 8 and 4. 5 volts. This is the figure of the circuit; The duty....
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This hack replaces the thermistor (temperature sensor) of a hot tub with an adjustable value that will fool the hot tub controller into thinking that the water is a certain temperature. In addition, this circuit is turned on and off by a 24VAC line....
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Infrared transmitter and receiver circuit shown in the schematic diagram below can be used as remote control. The transmitter is basically an oscillator....
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This design replaces the incandescent bulbs in the stop, tail and indicator lights of an MZ or other motorcycle with a six-volt electrical system,with high-intensity Lumiled LEDs. This gives the following advantages: A single Lumiled with a power....
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Since I used a ready-made inverter circuit to drive the EL sheet, this diagram is incomplete and also I`d say the battery consumption is much higher than it should be. As seen in the comments, an AVI video file is available without sound (as I used my webcam....
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This circuit is used to convert a mono audio signal into a stereo signal that can be panned between the left and right channel by a 0-10V control signal, it is intended for analog synthesizer systems...
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The circuit given here is of a regulated dual power supply that provides +12V and -12V from the AC mains. A power supply like this is a very essential tool on the work bench of an electronic hobbyist. The transformer T1 steps down the AC mains voltage and....
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A sensor project which transmits it`s measurements via a 433Mhz wireless communication link. On this page I will describe the details of my self built receiver which receives data from this sensor. To build a general purpose RF receiver module which receives....
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This circuit provides a delayed visual indication when a door bell switch is pressed. In addition, a DPDT switch can be moved from within the house which will light a lamp in the door bell switch. The lamp can illuminate the words "Please Wait" for anyone....
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This circuit uses the versatile MAX038 function generator. Although in this circuit some of the advanced characteristics of this IC are disabled, you can generate Sine, Triangle, Square waves (adjusting A0 and A1 pins see datasheet on if you want other....
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This unit picks up your ATV signal by sampling the transmission line with negligible insertion loss. It uses 2 N connectors for input and output connections. A BNC connector is used on the video output. The detected output is connected to your monitor and....
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This nifty sound level meter is a perfect one chip replacement for the standard analog meters. It is completely solid state and will never wear out. The whole circuit is based on the LM3915 audio level IC and uses only a few external components. This circuit....
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Early transmitters use more LC oscillator frequency drift is more serious. SAW devices appear to solve this problem, the frequency stability of the crystal substantially the sa..
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8051SBC USB & GLCD Expansion Board, Electronic Circuit Schematic Wiring Diagram, 8051SBC USB & GLCD Expansion Board...
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Cycling is our common means of transport, if accompanied by a bicycle speedometer, you will be able to master cycling speed, especially for cyclists , the usual training, a..
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Connection and wiring between each parts and component of exterior lights system of the vehicle such as the fusible link, junction block, tail light relay, cruise control, stop light switch, relay box, column switch, rear combination light, front combination....
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This circuit features automatic Exit and Entry delays and a timed Bell Cut-off. It has provision for both normally-closed and normally-open contacts, and a 24-hour Personal Attack/Tamper zone. It is connected permanently to the 12-volt supply and its....
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If you ever thought of experimenting with pulse-width modulation, this circuit should get you started nicely. We ve kept simplicity in mind and used a dua....
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The first reverberator we present is based on TDA1022, the most used BBD. Reverberator adjustements for proper functionality Before we connect the power su....
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This is one of the most accurate and simplest LC inductance / capacitance Meters that one can find, yet one that you can easily build yourself. This LC Meter allows to measure incredibly small inductances starting from 10nH to 1000nH, 1uH to 1000uH, 1mH to....
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This device is built around a PIC12F675 (a dandy little part from Microchip). The number of cells (1 to 8) is programmed in using the one button. The cell count is saved in EEPROM the next time you power up the device. Using just one button for all....
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The Dallas Semiconductor (www.dalsemi.com) DS1722 digital thermometer allows measurement resolution as fine as 0.0625°C in digital form and with linear response. The accuracy specification is only 2°C, but you can improve this figure by careful calibration.....
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Electronics Tutorial about Quartz Crystal Oscillator including Harmonic, Overtone, Pierce Oscillator and Crystal Quartz Oscillator Circuits....
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Microchip do not recommend any particular circuit for ICSP programming. There are diagrams for different tools, such as Pro Mate and PICKit2 with similar circuitry but slight variations. In some schematics, their suggested resistor values are too small, in....
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Current sensing is as it says - sensing the amount of current in use by a particular circuit or device. If you want to know the amount of power being used for any robot component, current sensing is the way to go. Current sensing is not a typical application....
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Battery Charger using Solar & Electrical Power with circuit diagram. This Dual Power Source battery charger can utilize two power sources to charge a Lead Acid battery ..
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Microphone amplifier schematics that may be used with either Electret Condenser Microphone (ECM) inserts or dynamic inserts, made with discrete components : Make a PCB in very easy steps. ! Create your PCB design using PCB designer software like Eagle, print....