Popular Circuits Page 226
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To the left in the diagram, you find the micro memory containing up to 64 different addresses each with 15 bits (numbered 1 to 15) that we call the micro operations or MOPs for short. The MOPs control every aspect of the computer. To the left, you also find....
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This article explains the construction and working of feedback oscillators with detailed description of Wien`s bridge oscillator and phase shift oscillator along with their circuit diagram, basic components and practical application Oscillators are those....
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Built around a single 8038 waveform generator IC, this circuit produces sine, square or triangle waves from 20Hz to 200kHz in four switched ranges. There are both high and low level outputs which may be adjusted with the level control. This project makes a....
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The frequency covered is from 0.1Hz to 10Hz and useful signals are received up to 16Hz. The first Op-Amp, properly shielded, must be installed close to the antenna (1-3m long) and connected to the rest of the circuit with a 5-core shielded cable. Adjust the....
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The NE555 circuit is a basic one-shot timer with a relay connected between the output and ground. It is triggered with the normally open momentary contact switch, which when operated, grounds the trigger input at pin 2. This causes a high output to....
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This circuit is a series-FET Voltmeter FETVM. This FETVM to replace VTVM function while at the same time line used to clean the appliance cord. In addition, the rate of drift is far superior to vacuum tube circuit allows full-scale range of 0.5 volts is the....
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This electronic cricket is a present for Kids. This simple battery powered circuit can be used to play Cricket Match with your friends. Each LED in the circuit indicates various status of the cricket match like Sixer, Run out, Catch etc. The Circuit uses two....
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This simple alarm circuit was designed for use in a combined garage and rumpus room. It can be assembled on Veroboard and uses just one IC plus a handful of cheap components. The circuit is based on a straightforward 555 timer circuit (IC1). This is wired as....
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Like its predecessor, AN67, this Application
Note includes circuits for high speed video, interface
and hot swap circuits, active RC and switched capacitor
filter circuitry and a variety of data conversion and
instrumentation circuits...
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One incredibly simple solution to getting more sound from a micro controller is the LM386 series of amplifier chips. These can give project quality audio for less than a dollar. They even make a passable one dollar MP3 docking station and are the basis of....
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Today we are going to explain about a simple circuit which is used to switch on/off any electrical device remotely through a relay using the normal TV/VCR....
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Drive an ultrasonic transducer by using this driver circuit. I have a quesiton for this operation. How can I limit my output current I am using a 60W transducer and maybe it can be damaged because of the output current. Could you direct me, or share sample....
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A circuit of LC meter (inductance & capacitance meter) which is base on PIC16F84A microcontroller but i have no code for this IC, i place circuit diagram of the project, so please help me...
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The main power supply to the system must be a regulated 12 volts DC with a minimum input from the train control AC or DC power supply of 13.5 VAC connected to pos 3 and 4 of the rectifier bridge . The ground bus of the regulated 12 volts supply must be....
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The AND output will be high with both switches closed. However, nothing is guaranteeing the level of the inputs when the switches are open, so the result could be anything. Olin Lathrop Mar 6 `13 at 19:58..
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This nifty sound level meter is a perfect one chip replacement for the standard analog meters. It is completely solid state and will never wear out. The whole circuit is based on the LM3915 audio level IC and uses only a few external components...
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Tendency of entry: 220V AC. Tendency of expense: 5V DC. Current of expense: 1A..
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This IC require less external components too, making it easier for a beginner to make this on veroboard. The original circuit I got from it`s datasheet. A little modified circuit below, This can be operated with single supply line, but that topology gives....
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They seem to have an inexhaustible amount of oscillators with all kinds of frequencies available, but there`s always one frequency that seems to be unavailable: the one they need. Abracon offers a variety of low-cost MEMS oscillators that can be programmed....
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The input stage is comprised of a both halves of a 6SL7 octal dual hi-mu triode in a differential amp configuration with a 1ma constant current cathode load. I'm using field-effect (constant-current) diodes for simplicity. the diff amp approach was chosen....
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I have had requests to add a VHF FM transmitter, to the QRP collection. This project is a simple transmitter using only one crystal and will cover 145.00 to 146.00 MHz. The crystal is a 44.9333 MHz crystal for 145.500 receive, as used in the Trio (Kenwood)....
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Microcontrollers are integrated circuits which consists of microprocessor with additional units like memories, input/output units (peripherals), etc. With this way of implementation, microcontrollers provide savings in time and space, and of course money.....
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The boot-cloner is a program compiled and burnt with the Arduino IDE, that copies part of it`s flash memory onto another microcontroller. The bootloader can be written to a new microcontroller by the Arduino, instead of burning the bootloader onto new....
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This circuit switches a printer s USB connection from a PC to a laptop. What was needed was a method of allowing a laptop to use the printer occasionally while at all other times the printer would be connected to the PC. Instead of unplugging the printer....
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The purpose of this circuit is to power a lamp or other appliance for a given time (30 minutes in this case), and then to turn it off. It is useful when reading at bed by night, turning off the bedside lamp automatically in case the reader falls asleep After....
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While working two-meter SSB from the Benson area, I decided that local terrain and the limited height of my home-made six-element yagi, necessitate I incorporate a high gain antenna pre-amplifier at it`s terminations to enhance receiver signal strength. This....
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Construction of a radio telephone integrator and created my first radio phone / repeater. I had been playing with electronics and radios since that first receiver I had built back in 1973. With that simple receiver and a random wire antenna I had discovered....
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This circuit detects the dial tone from a telephone line and decodes the keypad pressed on the remote telephone. The dial tone we heard when we pick up the phone set is call Dual Tone Multi-Frequency, DTMF in short. The name was given because the tone that....
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Every self-respecting DIYer makes his own electronic dice with LEDs as spots. Then you don t have to throw the dice anymore just push the button. The electronics also ensures that nobody can try to improve his luck by fiddling with the dice. Too bad for sore....
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Here is the circuit diagram for simple door bell, you can assemble this circuit inside your room or home where as keep the switch outside your home or room that is easily noticable by the visitors. The working of this circuit is almost similar to my previous....
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This frequency doubler using a single 4069 hex inverter IC, a frequency doubler can be constructed to give an output pulse train whose frequency is twice that of a squarewave input signal....
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The connection point for the positive terminal of the 9V battery is displayed as a circle at the end of a line with the label "+9V". This is just another way of showing where to apply power to the circuit. The 0V or "GND" of the circuit is shown as an....
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Hi again, I have a simple audio switching circuit that is giving me a problem. I am using a CD40106 Schmitt Trigger in conjunction with a CD4066 CMOS switch to route....
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Now that I have these power supplies, wouldn`t it be nice to evaluate their performance Traditionally you connect an adjustable load (a "beefy" resistor) to the output and measure both the output voltage and the current in a number of spots. Then it`s easy....
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This unit delivers 0 to 20 volts at up to 4 amps in 0.1 volt increments. The entire device runs on a PIC16F870 (about $3 in small quantities). This is basically a switching power supply with the voltage regulation done in software. The PIC used here has....
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Coship CDVB3188V receiver switching power supply circuit It shows the same continent CDVB3188C receiver switching power supply circuit, mainly from the AC input circuit, anti-j..
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The LM2889 is designed to Interface Audio and Video sig- nals to the Antenna terminals of a TV receiver. It consists of a sound subcarrier Oscillator and FM Modulator Video clamp, and RF Oscillators and Modulators for two low-VHF channels. The LM2889 allows....
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This design is based on the 18 Watt Audio Amplifier, and was developed mainly to satisfy the requests of correspondents unable to locate the TLE2141C chip. It uses the widespread NE5532 Dual IC but, obviously, its power output will be comprised in the 9. 5 -....
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A Tremolo is an effect unit that modulates the amplitude of the guitar signal, usually in a triangular waveform. This version uses a square waveform, for a more switching, choppingkind of effect. This kind of effect can be heard in the beginning of Plant....
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This circuit measures the distance covered during a walk. Hardware is located in a small box slipped in pants` pocket and the display is conceived in the following manner: the leftmost display D2 (the most significant digit) shows 0 to 9 Km. and its dot is....
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This simple device allows two computers to share a single USB printer or some other USB device, such as an external flash drive, memory card reader or scanner. A rotary switch selects the PC that you wish to use with the USB device, while two LEDs indicate....
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A very good 1 watt fm transmitter circuit, very easy to build circuit. It has 4 transistors, one is a very stable oscillator, followed by a buffer stage to prevent frequency variation when you adjust the transmitter. Next is a resonance stage and the final....
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FM Wireless Microphone has been a very popular project with beginners and experienced constructors alike. It has been used inside guitars and as the basis of a remote control system. I do however, receive many requests for a higher powered circuit and better....
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The example circuit is for an automatic animal feeder. When the animal pushes the switch the PICAXE microcontroller detects an input. The programme within the microcontroller then outputs at pin 6, energising a relay. This allows a second circuit to turn on....
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The oscillator is a Motorola MC14410CP chip using a 1-MHz crystal. The chip generates both the high and low tones, feeding the energy to the amplifier through 1-K resistors and the 1-I"F capacitor. Values for the output resistors can vary from a few....
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In this application, the timer is connected in the monostable mode. The circuit is triggered with a continuous pulse train and the threshold voltage is modulated by the signal applied to the control voltage terminal at pin 5. This has the effect of....
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Here is a simple engineering project circuit of handy mobile cell phone detector (sniffer). This pocket-sizedmobile communication detector or sniffer can sense the existence of a mobile device. So it can be used to avoid the use of mobile phones in private....
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Model railroad turnouts, often called switches, can be controlled in a number of ways. The most basic is a manual control that is thrown by hand. Remote activation is usually accomplished by either pneumatic (air) or electrical means. The project that is the....
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As shown for the 20Hz signal generator, may be applied to the telephone ringing system, the signal source can also be used for alarm systems and other electronic Used. The circuit is actually a transformer T and a transistor VTl, VT2 composition..
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The HT6337 is designed as one kind of infrared remote control receiving decoder circuit that can be used in the electric fan application. It uses the 28-pin dual-row DIP package, the matching model is HT12C. The HT6337 is one of the series products. The....
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Diagram below shows you with a classic test fixture that has been used for long periods in order to give anyone for resolving the non-linearity errors for...
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Make this temperature controlled fan and since i am using 15V AC power supply instead of 230V AC. what i want to know is if i would have to change the triac and the resister shown in the diagram below and also if i can use MOC3041 Triac driver optoisolator....
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Achieves high carrier and modulation suppression by using closely matched diodes and providing R1 for amplitude adjustment and coaxial line for phase adjustment. R2 provides slight amplitude adjustment. -W. H. Ellis, Diode Quad Modulator Suppresses Carrier....
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The schematic shown below is a circuit of light activated LED using SCR. SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifiers) or thyristor are physically looks like transistors but their internal circuit and working procedure is totally different as compare to the....
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As time goes by, microcontrollers become more powerful, cheaper, and smaller. A typical micro of the past could have had 40 pins and no internal memory. On the contrary, modern J-series PICs are made with 96K program memory and 28 pins. We can drive a lot of....
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A wideband circuit design of a Double Sideband Exciter. The circuit can be used to generate a low level signal with suppressed carrier or with any percentage of carrier injection that is desired. The circuit is simple and will easily provide an output 1 v....
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This circuit is intended as a reliable replacement to thermally-activated switches used for Christmas tree lamp-flashing. The device formed by Q1, Q2 and related resistors triggers the SCR. Timing is provided by R1, R2 & C1. To change flashing frequency....
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This is a simple use of the PIC 16F84 about a diode tester. Test procedure : We set «1» to PB0 and «0» to PB3. If diode is ok and opens, then at PA0 we have «1». If PA0 is «0», then the the diode has problem. With the program we manage what the PIC will do....
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I want to use a picMicro 5v microcontroller combined with the figure 10 circuit from Link1 (Shown below) and a circuit similar to Link2 for motor control. It has to control 2 AC motors at 4 amps each (but the programming will make sure only one motor can....
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Transistor radio shows common OTL power amplifier circuit, VT5 bias resistor driver stage. VT6 and VT7 is a pair of complementary symmetry tube. VT6 germanium material NPN transistor, VT7 is germanium PNP transistor. VT6, VT7 and the biasing resistor..
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This is a good Electrical project report on Infrared Remote Control On/Off Switch and was Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and is used to switch on/off the....
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ECL integrated circuit non-saturated digital logic circuits. CMOS and ECL interface circuit shown in cross ..
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In the daily life and production, a lot of occasions such as car roll back, robot avoid hindering, industrial well logging, liquid level measurement of the reservoir etc. to need to carry on the range finding of non-contact automatically. Supersonic wave....
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The power amplifier IC TDA2006 provides high output current and has very low harmonic and cross-over distortion. Further the device incorporates anoriginal (and patented)short circuit protection system comprising an arrangement for automatically limiting the....
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Power Integrations announced a new reference design (DER-278) based on the company s single-stage LinkSwitch-PH LED-driver IC family. The new design....
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Any NPN transistor can be used. The author used a 2N3904, but a 2N2222A should work just as well. A good, low noise transistor would be even better. Some radios only have three connections to their ferrite bar antenna: the antenna connection to the tuning....
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The LM1036 is a DC controlled tone (bass/treble), volume and balance circuit for stereo applications in car radio, TV and audio systems. An additional control input allows loudness compensation to be simply effected. Four control inputs provide control of....
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When transistor Q1 is switched off, the circuit behaves as a voltage follower. By applying a positive vol..
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How many times have you wished that there was a simple way to turn on that sub-woofer or some other piece of audio equipment, simply by sending it a signal? This ability is fairly common in commercial subs and some other gear, but there seems to be a....
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We can use the circuit below to maintain the level of water in the header tank within prescribed limits. A 3HP submersible bore pump which has a high starting....
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This circuit can be used to identify whether there is a clipping in a particular wave form. Clipping is a phenomenon in which the amplitude of a particular waveform drops before it reaches the expected limit. This circuit glows an LED as an indication if the....
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I plugged the temperature onto 8 LEDs (I'm using a DeccanRobots package, and so this was supplied with the board). It worked, showing the temperature in binary form . Now when I tried using my microcontroller with this program I wrote to output the number....
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I would like to thank you`s for the manual that i purchased, it is as stated, i am now able to continue with my TV to complete it. I will be using your service for all the manuals that i will need, once again thank you very much. Kind regards Lazlo Most....
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In his circuit Marin has used two transistors wired as a high gain compound pair. Transistor T1 may be a 2N2222A and T2 a BC108. The current gain will be the product of each transistors beta, which will be a minimum of 140 x 110 or 15400. ..
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I was just looking through some old info I gathered on the Silver Jubilees as research before I bought my 2554. There was one for sale in some....
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Servo refers to an error sensing feedback control which is used to correct the performance of a system. Servo motor is a DC motor equipped with a servo mec....
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This project uses a magnetic reed switch, a NerdKit, and set of computer speakers to frighten unsuspecting visitors at the door. In covering constructing this project, we get a chance to go over some pretty neat engineering concepts: digital audio, data....
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The waveforms in Figure 1 illustrate good and bad power-factor conditions. Trace A, at the top of the figure, is the voltage common to the current waveforms below. Trace B is an ideal current, in phase, with a 1.0 power factor and delivering peak current of....
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In this circuit, the ringing voltage on a telephone line causes NE-1 to break over, triggering SCR1, which ..
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The frequency counter has to count the number of cycles per second of an incoming signal. Hence we need a device to count. In electronics circuits, counter ICs are available for counting. These IC`s can count the input pulses. The count is given as coded....
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This low-cost logarithmic converter is built using op-amp and transistor. This circuit uses a Motorola MC1539G op-amp which is connected to PNP transistor. To....
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The circuit in Figure 1 uses a Centronics printer port to interface an eight-channel, 8-bit ADC to a PC. The circuit cuts the cost of addressing and decoder circuitry and saves one expansion slot for interfacing. The design uses three of the subport`s....
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The design delivers a regulated 400-V, 60-W output. The TL494 switching regulator governs the operating frequency and regulates output voltage. Rl and Cl determine switching frequency, which is approximately 0.SRC—100 kHz for the values shown. The TL494....
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Next is the microcontroller or MCU. In previous projects, we used the Atmel AT89C2051. However, the I/O port structure is not quite suitable for this application so we have used the similar Atmel AT90S2313. The main feature influencing this decision is that....
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Controlled pulse signal generating circuit FIG controllable pulse signal generating circuit, when the input terminal O start (start) pulse signal (input high), electric road be..
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As shown neon voltage power supply circuit. Its production is simple, stable output power and other characteristics. Circuit Principle: The core element of this circuit is the ..
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This circuit uses the popular and easy to find LM3914 IC. This IC is very simple to drive, needs no voltage regulators (it has a built in voltage regulator) and can be powered from almost every source. Electronics project....
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Switching power supply whose output voltage is appreciably lower than its input voltage has an interesting property: the current drawn by it is smaller than its output current. However, the input power (UI) is, of course, greater than the output power. There....
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Circuit shown in Figure 7-32. The excitation device is suitable for terminal voltage of 400V, a capacity of less than 75kW synchronous generator motor for automatic adjustment ..
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Motor switch control circuit shown in Figure offers two speeds counter-steering i.e. two speeds in the opposite direction...
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This is Fluid/Liquid/Water Level Control circuit using LM830. The LM830 can be used to detect absence and presence of aqueous fluids. This application uses two....
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Incremental-rotation or linear encoders are very common, but normally they do not provide a direction signal. This design shows an easy way to detect forward or reverse direction. Incremental encoders normally provide two output signals, usually named....
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Device for intermediate relay. As shown in Figure is the use of Triac AC contactor interface circuitry. Which is using MOC3041 Triac output optical coupler for triggering the T..