Top Circuits Page 190
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This very simple high-level design demonstrates the product`s structure. Its integrated circuit responds to button presses and senses temperature via the probe, displaying the temperature on the LCD and sounding the buzzer when finished. This more detailed....
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The Voice Changer has two different inputs, the microphone and the switches. The Voice Changer then outputs a signal to an OpAmp to amplify the signal being sent to the speaker. The frequency of this signal is changed depending on what voice effect is turned....
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The project will take the circuit for a 12W power amplifier and develop it into a completed hard-wired unit. This process will require a design cycle and development sequence consisting of analysis, simulation, PC board layout, population of the board,....
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An inexpensive electronic instrument useful in demonstrating electrostatic phenomena. First, Ahern`s instrument can be employed as an inexpensive and effective substitute for the tonal electrostatic voltmeter. Second, the instrument provides....
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An excellent way to provide continuous and direct indication of ESV readings in even a large lecture hall is to combine this instrument with a tonal voltmeter (TVM). The TVM puts out an audible tone of constant amplitude, with the frequency related to the....
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The chips that are termed "working well" yield about 300 mV under the beam from a laser pointer and between 40 to 80 mV under the LED light. Voltages around 100 mV were observed in a sunlit room and about 10 mV under fluorescent lighting. Our simulations (....
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The robot consists of modules controlled by a main controller. The main microcontroller is an 18-pin, 8-bit, PIC16F84 Flash microcontroller operating at 4MHz. The microcontroller is programmed in assembly language. The controller is connected via I/O pins to....
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The Lambda II is based upon the Atmel 8535 chip, which operates at 4 MHz and contains 8K of RAM. This chip was chosen over other brands such as Motorola or Pic, because the circuit used to program it using a computer is very simple to build. This results in....
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The design of the AC to DC front stage boost converter in discontinuous mode underwent a few steps. First, the specifications where defined. Then, research was done and the basis power factor correction circuit was analyzed. Finally, the boost converter....
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At some time, you`ve probably run into this magical instrument in the lab - the function generator. Just turn the waveform selector knob and a triangle, square or sine wave appears at the output! Turn another knob and the frequency of the signal changes. Now....
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How to take the triangle wave waveform and bend it into a sine wave. To help adjust its transfer function, resistors R32 and R33 are added. Increasing or decreasing these resistors causes the response to be more or less linear. How do we take our....
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The opamp Wien-bridge oscillator provides a nice view into classic oscillator design using feedback analysis. Feedback analysis reveals if your circuit is stable (well behaved) or unstable (may oscillate). When designing amplifiers (especially high-speed....
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You can clearly see the three stages found in many audio amps (and op amps today). However, looking at actual audio designs, you`ll find the basic topology has been tweaked and enhanced in a few key locations. Here`s a quick tour of design improvements of....
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Normal operation of the light switch gives gentle illumination (LA1). For more light, simply turn the switch off and then immediately (within 1 s) on again. The circuit returns to the gentle light set-ting when switched off for more than 3 s. There is no....
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Most PN-junction diodes can be used as photodiodes. While not optimized for this application, they do work. When the diode is reverse biased, it will produce a small photovoltaic output as the light level is increased. LEDs are particularly suited for this....
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When the push switch is operated - the buzzer will sound and the LEDs will begin to flash. For the hearing members of the household - the buzzer acts as a regular doorbell. It also re-assures the visitor that the doorbell is working. When the push switch is....
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Most of the time a charged lead-acid battery and a power inverter would be used to ensure a smoothly organised holiday where ideally the missus and the children cheerfully use their electric and electronic gear! With rechargeable lead-acid batteries it`s....
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This circuit was designed as a warning flasher to alert road users to dangerous situations in the dark. Alternatively, it can act as a bicycle light (subject to traffic regulations and legislation). White LEDs only are recommended if the circuit is used as a....
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This circuit is converter to use to charge DC12V from the lead-acid batteries to AC 250V for use in a car, Boats or mobile homes. There are the output power There are the sufficient power to the small electronics such as a lamp or electrical soldering iron.....
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Most switch-mode power supplies rely on a PWM (pulse-width-modulated) output that is controlled via voltage feedback. A 555-timer IC can inexpensively perform PWM. The circuit in Figure 1 shows how to turn a 555 PWM circuit into an switch-mode power supply....
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The signal is encoded as a pair of sine waves, ensuring that no frequency is a multiple of the other and the sum and difference between two frequencies does not match any single tone and that`s why DTMF sounds so ugly!T he DTMF encoder circuit show n here is....
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With a bit of adeptness, you can build an electronic scales based on a servo motor. Depending on the type of servo you use, it can measure weights of up to around five kilograms (11 lbs) with reasonable accuracy. If you examine the operating principle of a....
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This circuit detects when a window is open (it can also be used with a door), indicates that the window is open by means of a red LED or a blinking LED, and emits a loud acoustic signal from an intermittent electronic buzzer to remind you to close the....
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A simple calling bell circuit that can be used in small offices to call the office boy using an existing intercom system. The office boy can be called from up to nine locations where extension lines are installed. The system is connected to a dedicated....
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This sunlight-controlled lamp uses a light-dependent resistor (LDR) as the sunlight sensor and a total of 25 high-brightness white LEDs. Separate resistors are connected in series with each row of the LEDs. The working of the circuit is very simple. During....
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The circuit described here was designed as an addition to a remotely controlled garage door opener. The problem was that a brief burst of interference, arising from a thunderstorm or a mains spike, was enough to trigger the mechanism, and the author found....
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This circuit is very simple less than 12 component, to build DC to AC converter. The principle of this circuit is generating 50/60Hz frequency by IC CD4047 and the output complement pin 10 and 11 of IC CD4047 to drive MOSFET IRFZ 44 so induction primary....
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The circuit timer with musical alarm use famous CMOS oscillator/divider IC (IC1 ). Although this circuit operates in 9V its standby current drain is very low. The time delay of timer circuit can be adjusted by adjusting the preset VR1. The base of npn....
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DC 12V Battery Charger Circuit Diagram. This circuit is a high performance charger for gelled electrolyte lead-acid batteries....
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A simple circuit of a stopwatch that can count up to 99 seconds. The circuit uses CD4060, CD4013, CD4033, LTS543 and some discrete components. A crystal-controlled oscillator generates 1Hz pulses. A 32. 768kHz miniature crystal is used for the purpose. IC....
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It is very easy to use and consumes so little current that it will work for the battery`s shelf life. The circuit uses a standard LM35DZ sensor (IC3) whose analogue output voltage is buffered by an LM358 (IC2A). The voltage is read by the microcontroller and....
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The HID ballast circuit includes (Figure 1) a buck stage for controlling lamp current and power, a full-bridge output stage for driving the lamp with a low-frequency (200Hz), AC square-wave voltage and current, and an ignition circuit for producing 4KV peak....
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Post related to Do it yourself about become a VU meter and homemade rhythm lights easy....
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motor control, energy efficiency of inverter (AC drive) selection and parameters setting guidance in mine industry: vector control, open loop or closed loop control, with energy braking unit or energy feedback unit....
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We use the L293D H-Bridge to operate a 12VDC motor with the Arduino. This H-Bridge allows us to do several things. First it allows us to interface the motor, which requires much more current and voltage than the output pins can supply, with the Arduino. With....
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Here we demonstrate the use of an Arduino PWM output pin to generate sound. The output pin can be toggled very quickly from LOW to HIGH generating a square wave. If the frequency of this square wave is within the range of 20-20, 00Hz and sent directly into a....
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A relay is an electro-mechanical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electric circuit. When current flows through the coil of the relay, a magetic field is created that causes an armature to move, either making or breaking an electrical....
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PIC18F4550 Communication with PC using USB HID Class, Visual Basic Communication xpress_embedo....
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It requires a 15VDC adapter. An electrolyte capacitor is needed across the regulator input. If the capacitor is added in 7812`s OUT pin w. r. t. ground, then a bypass diode should be added in reverse to IN and OUT of the regulator, just to save it from....
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schematic of board with PIC16F84 and also other PICs which can be connected to this USB PICKit2 programmer If someone has such please show me, i`d appreciate it, thanks. another question is i heard that if i experiment with oscillator ffrequency on my demo....
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hi this my 1st post here. topic is a watch crystal oscillator for PIC (microcontroller). i do not want to use logic gates. here the circuit (a thread....
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I would need help on converting high frequency to low frequency and vise versa. Currently I am doing a project on sensor, below is the schematic....
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555 low power timing circuit diagram The diagram is from the tech information of chinaicmart. IF for more detailed infomation of the circuit diagram....
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Hi I need help with design of a FET based wien bridge oscillator and simulate it using pspice. Any suggestion?....
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Hi, I would like to use this relay: PE014A12 (tyco electronics) It has only 1 coil and it has to be driven + / - to switch on and - / + to switch off, ....
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I don`t know if this is a good design or not.Circle Op-amp are 2nd order low/high pass filter. Low pass filter range is 20-250Hz High pass filter....
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hi, Dears . I want to use AD574 ( The ADC574A is a 12-BIT successive approximation analog-to-digital converter .) i want to know , How work this IC ?? ....
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Hello friends I have a problem in a PLL. I have used a loop filter as shown in this figure: But the output spectrum is as shown in this figure: What`s ....
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hi, I have 2 stepper motors to be controlled by dspic. I have programmed the pic. Im confused in usng L298 s. Can someone help me with a circuit....
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hello, i am doing a practical on lm 741. i want to make it to use it as an wein bridge oscillator.the value of c1=c2=0.01uF, R1=R2=3K, Rf=2k, Ra=1k.acc....
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hi Im trying to construct a Hartley Oscillator. I am using a bypassed common emiter and i am trying to get a 200kHz 2Vp-p oscilation. With a BC547B....
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Hi! I have a 4 switches that I`m goin to connect to a USB joystick board. The USB board has +5V and ground connections, and emulate a button press on....
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I am looking to build a oscillator from a ceramic resonator. I know that a single digital inverter can be used to form a Pierce oscillator (hundreds....
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Hi I am testing wein bridge oscillator and I looking to make it work. I have study the page below, but there are some concept i do not understand....
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Hello, I have queastion about type of the osclator I found on wikipedia here: File:NPN Colpitts oscillator collector coil.png - Wikipedia, the free....
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Doing a project on GSM. In that i want to detect the key pressed at the other side on active call. I am trying with a dtmf decoder circuit at speaker output but it is not working. Plz if any one has any other idea or solution plz reply...
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hi, i am using YENKA to diagram circuits. i dont get what it is doing when working out voltages in a basic series circuit. the picattached showsthe....
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Can someone help me find a schematic and codes about a digital thermometer using a LM35 and 7 segment display(0 - 150.5 degree celcius)..the code must ....
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thanks for your replies in my previous thread posted, i really appreciate. pls., how do i, and what circuit diagram should i use to convert a 24v dc....
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I have a project in which i will control the speed of the electric fan (220Vac, 60W, 5A max.) through the microcontroller automatically depending on....
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The above circuit is fm receiver. when i used pin supply 9V, this circuit had quite nice performence. But when i used AC/DC rectifier or switch supply ....
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Hello, I have a 3KHz-50MHz signal generator and I would like to amplify it`s 2.3mw output to +7dbm. I am looking for a broadband amplifier that can do ....
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what value of potentiometer will i use for the volume control of this audio amplifier circuit and in what place will i connect that? thank you....
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In the following astable multivibrator circuit, in some books, it is mentioned that the duty cycle id d=( R1+R2)/(R1+2*R2) in some other books, it is....
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Hi Expert, I recently receive some question on an oscillator in some AM transmitter. I searched the web and find this circuit. According to author,....
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I`m using H-bridge with IRF740 (MOSFET) to convert 315VDC to 230VAC. But the upper mosfets are frequently get damage within few seconds. I can`t find....
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I`m working on a battery operated tesla coil and im completely stumped on how to convert the dc to ac to power my hv transformer....
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This is my first post here, i need help on my final year project to make a grid connected inverter. For the full bridge inverter circuit i planned to....
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Hello, I want to build a system that can transmit in the FM band. I have already built my oscillators because I want to transmit at more than one....
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The configuration bytes are probably all OK, but then maybe there is a problem in the communication part (writing bytes via SCCB). This is going well for the moment even though I haven`t reach goal yet, started yesterday, but I just wondered if you ever....
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Hi there. I`ve building a 430Mhz Transmitter for microwave. And for some strange reason i couldn`t get any output frequency from my circuit. I`ve....
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HI, i Just wanted to understand this circuit better and discuss with people So here it is a ,crystal oscillator It uses a 3.5Mhz Crystal and....
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I want to build a 2 phone intercom which can be used upto 1km using speaker of same phone to create ring on other side please help....
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I want to simulate 27MHz transmitter circuit in PSPICE. Circuit diagram is given as Figure-1 in following....
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Used buba oscillator and it didn`t oscillate in the begining. first thing you should check the basics. a little error in cap, res and inductor values makes a huge difference. try calculating the component values with multimeter and i bet cap value wont be....
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Hello, Please help me, I have designed a very basic square wave generator to run a speedometer circuit board which is providing output to control a....
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Hi! I made an opamp hartley oscillator using a certain electronics simulator and even though simulation takes place I`m unable to get any oscillation....
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I need a circuit diagram for electronic ballast (40w,230v) transistor based circuit diagram. What are the steps taken to design a electronic ballast?....
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Hello. I`m trying to make an oscillator that would run from 200V range, providing about 1 kHz with minimal current drain. I started with making a test ....
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Hello, I need a simple to make LED based (not 7-segment) voltmeter to monitor the voltage of a variable supply. I have found this circuit....
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amplifier input and output impedance, load and source resistance are strongly mutually dependent in the CC circuit. That`s a reason, why "impedance matching" doesn`t achieve results representative for the circuit operation. Analyzing the circuit as CB with....
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@ goldsmith If you need a complete circuit , i have thousands of these circuits in my designs . i can give you some of them easily , but you have told ....
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The TC4422 chip is in place of the BD140/BD139 totem pole. Unfortunately I do not have a multisim model for this chip so I can add it to the circuit....
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Hello how can find the output of capacitor microphone in theory or augur it without test in? for example in these circuits what is the output of each....
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Hi everybody. I need H-bridge schematic for 230V 50Hz output from DC 350V, using 555 timer IC and mosfets....
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hey! how to interface a +5V buzzer with IC 89S52. someone suggested me to use two bc547 npn transistor. this is its schematic. buzzer interface.png i....
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Hello, I`m trying to simulate a 10MHz Colpitts Oscillator using an OPAMP, but i`m not getting the expected outcome, the frequency is not 10MHz and the ....
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It is clearly not a standard astable multivibrator. Does nayone recognize this configuration? I would like to understand it better....
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In the 555 datasheet they have a pulse width modulation circuit similar to this with the only difference being that they have pin 5 labelled as `audio ....
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guys i need a 2 circuit the one is when power applied the timer will trigger and the relay will remain off when the timer runs out the relay will turn ....
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I have a 89 seris RS232 programmer but my computer has no RS232 connector so where i have to connect rs232 cable Is any converter for RS232 to usb....
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Hello, I`d like to automate some functions in my house, particularly, turn on and off CFL lamps with a triac coupled to the logic via a zero crossing....
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hi am trying to make a pic based inverter circuit. the circuit uses 2 p-channel mosfets(f9540n) with a centre tapped 12-012/230v transformer. i....
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Hi! I desperately need help concerning the circuits I`ve attached below. Basically, it is an ultrasonic receiver circuit, with two ultrasonic....