Top Circuits Page 191
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Attached schematic diagram is a Johnson Counter. Would you pls advise while ""Loop 2"" is considered to be INVALID? Also, pls suggest few....
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-
hello , I am planningto build Digital Thermometer using ATmegsa8 and LM335. Can Somebody tell me how should i go about ?? I want to display it on....
-
i am going to programmer my atmeg8515 Mc and i am searching for good and easy parallel programmer for it also i want to know the assembly instructions ....
-
Even including labor I would think that the real cost of purchasing, stocking, assembly, assembly mistakes, more expensive PCB (more holes, larger), more difficult to tune, etc. would cause it to be much more expensive...
-
Hello to everyone! How I can control these graphical LCDs with a microcontroller? Is there any datasheet?....
-
Hi all, I,ve built this nice circuit found in Silicon Chip magazine to test my bipolar stepper motor collections. Easy to built and works perfectly....
-
-
-
The resistor in series with the LED in Collector circuit of transistor T1 must be 470 ohm, not 470k. To connect the bulb 24V-3W, you should know that resistance of this bulb when lighting is 24x24/3 = 190 ohm, when it is not lit, the resistance is about 10....
-
how to interface an lcd to 89c51 using 4 bit mode. am using lampex16200 pls send me manual of this controller....
-
Hi!!! What is the frequency (through Low Pass Filter) recomended for the contrast of a LCD? I want to control the contrast of a LCD with the PWM of a....
-
Hi all I made this circuit to be a light dimmer but it did not work. I use BT136 for the SCR and MOC3022 for optocoupler. Can you tell me what is the....
-
-
Hey freinds i m doing project on RFID(Radio Frequency Identification). I m using AT89c51/52/S52 uC. I m using RS-232 fror serial communication, he....
-
hi here is new models 3 digit cc and ca dispaly multiplexed 3 didgit voltmeter chip TC7107(ICL7107) Thumb switch with commom pin bcd and hex regards....
-
I have a bipolar motor, and software written for PIC 12F508 to drive unipolar motor. Is the schematic in attachment correct for this purpose? Coil A1, ....
-
The LCD in question appears to have more pins than the microcontroller, I could not expand the image to get a better look. Unless you are adamant about using this display, I recommend obtaining a hitachi compliant alphanumeric display (onboard driver), this....
-
-
This machine`s playfield features a catapult that fires the pinball, trolls that pop up from the playfield, and an exploding castle with a drawbridge and iron drop-gate. All the plastics were replaced with a New Old Stock (NOS) set from Marcos Specialties. I....
-
-
The PCS SceneMaster Model LM4LS2 was won from Home Automator Magazine for `Best Web Site` and was installed during the spring of 1999. This controller is capable of ramping lights on and off, and `scenes`. This is where a single X-10 command can produce a....
-
These were about $60 a pair with charger and batteries, and have a three-bar battery gauge. With experimentation I found that if the voltage is greater than 4. 28V, all three bars light up. More than 3. 47V, two bars will light up. Below this latter voltage....
-
I have been able to monitor the power usage of the home with the Power Node. One project I have been meaning to tackle is to monitor the water usage as well. The photo below shows my main water meter. I also have a "sub-meter", which measures the water usage....
-
As power supply switching frequencies increase, higher loop crossover frequencies are necessary to keep pace with the escalating load transient slew rate demands, and to reduce the number and size of filter components. For voltage-mode-controlled supplies,....
-
The first versions operated from ±15V supplies, featured bandwidths of 50 MHz, and delivered slew rates in the low hundreds of volts per microsecond. Today`s fastest amplifiers run on ±5V supplies with bandwidths of 1. 4 GHz and slew rates of 6000V/ µsec.....
-
Before designing with one of today`s powerful buck regulator ICs, you`ll want a thorough understanding of voltage mode control and compensation. ....
-
-
A typical SCR (silicon-controlled rectifier) requires a trigger current, which causes the SCR structure to latch on. Once the device latches, the current through the SCR is solely a function of external component values. The SCR has no inherent ability to....
-
By combining switching and series-pass techniques, this high-voltage supply`s designer achieved 0.01% regulation at power levels to 100W....
-
-
An ac drive controls ac induction motors and, like its dc counterparts, controls speed, torque, and horsepower. A dc drive typically controls a shunt-wound dc motor, which has separate armature and field circuits. This teardown of the Schneider Electric....
-
This Design Idea came about as a result of my not having access to those wonderful new ICs that sense current. I needed a discrete circuit that I could build easily but that would still be as accurate as the new ICs. This circuit seems to do the job. Q2 is....
-
A low-distortion Meacham-bulb-stabilized Wien-bridge oscillator is used to acquire the FFT of a pure sinusoid of about 5 kHz....
-
Many systems require that the primary source of DC power be converted to other voltages. Battery driven circuitry is an obvious candidate....
-
Jim Williams had the unique ability to integrate his different talents in science, art, inventing and engineering and to bring forth easily understandable tutorials, app notes and tech phone conversations with customers that enabled better designs to emanate....
-
Contact bounce is a critical issue when interfacing switches or relays to a digital control system. The ultimate contact debouncer is an easy-to-use and flexible approach to solve the contact bounce problem for any microcontroller....
-
Bipolar junction transistors transfer a current from a lower-resistance emitter to a higher-resistance collector. You can use this property to measure inductance....
-
New design techniques in LED driver circuits promise to deliver significant energy savings that will go a long way toward helping TV manufacturers meet the tough requirements for power consumption....
-
Audio metering is present in almost any equipment that plays or records audio from cell phones displaying bar graphs of audio output levels, to home stereos with flashing LEDS, to live broadcasting. There are multiple standards for audio metering that deal....
-
This slideshow is based on the LEDs Design Ideas Collection, a collection of LED-related reader submitted circuits and design applications that have appeared in EDN`s `Design Ideas` section. Here you can browse through the circuit schematics in that....
-
This single white-LED torch can be housed in an empty glue-stick tube and has a long rechargeable-battery life....
-
A constant-voltage active load can perform as a battery during the charge cycle. You can set the load voltage from 5 to 35V by using potentiometer PV and thus can simulate batteries ranging from 6 to 32V. In testing a battery charger (during design or for....
-
When your application requires no PWM (pulse-width-modulated) dimming or controlled frequency operation, your primary concern may be that too much current could damage or destroy your LEDs. In this case, you can make a simple LED-current limiter from a....
-
The following is Chapter 4, part five of a five part series ""Some thoughts on DC/DC converters"" by the late Jim Williams and Brian Huffman from Linear Technology`s Volume II book entitled, ""Analog Circuit Design-- Immersion in the Black Art of analog....
-
Check out this specialized test gadget that tests continuity quantitatively in both AC and DC modes; it could prove to be an indispensable general bench test instrument....
-
The Wien-bridge sine-wave oscillator uses a light bulb to stabilize its amplitude. The circuit in Fig 1 doesn`t have a light bulb; it sports several enhancements that lower its distortion and generate a test signal pure enough for testing modern op amps and....
-
The simple transistor tester in Figure 1 lets you identify the type of transistor, and it helps in detecting a transistor`s emitter, collector, and base....
-
To create the circuit you will need to connect a switch as an input and an LED as an output to the Arduino. This means that you will need a switch, an LED, a 10k © resistor, a 470 © resistor, a blue or yellow jumper wire, and a red jumper wire. The Arduino....
-
The last thing to do is to wire the IR LEDs, the resistors, and the IR receivers into the Arduino. First, connect the +5v prongs of the IR receivers (right prong if facing the receiver) using the red wires. They should be directly hooked up to the +5 volt....
-
The red wire of the sensor connects to +5 volts, the black wire connects to Ground (GND), and the yellow signal wire connects to analog pin A0 through the same bus as the 10k ohm resistor that is connected to ground...
-
-
The magnetic field built up in the ballast collapses quickly, producing a high voltage across the tube and causing the internal gas to conduct. It`s a bit like slowly blowing up a balloon and sticking a pin in it...
-
A clock-and-data recovery (CDR) circuit is used to both recover the clock from a transmitted data stream and re-time that data with the recovered clock. Such circuits are typically placed at the front-end of receiver chips to recover the clock from data sent....
-
DDR SDRAM is a dynamic ram standard that is designed to provide high memory depth and bandwidth. This section will provide the basic DDR SDRAM background necessary to effectively use the TM-4`s memory subsystem. In particular the memory organization will be....
-
The 8-bit 2x1 multiplexer consists of 16 tristate buffers and a static inverter. It is designed so that when the select bit is low, 8 of the input bits are sent through tristate buffers to the 8 output bits, and when the select bit is high, the other 8 input....
-
If sine wave is very essential it can be derived from the square wave. One of the most popular IC used to generate clock from Maxim Integrated Products is MAX9471. Please refer this circuit below to design a clock generator out of this device. This device....
-
C1=1000 Micro Farad aluminum electrolytic capacitor (For loads less than 100mA you can sustitute with 220 microfards capacitor), Voltage rating = 2. 5 times of Output Voltage. C1 = 1000 Micro Farad aluminum electrolytic capacitor(For loads less than 100mA....
-
Embedded Systems is simply the brain of the most of the electronics based systems to access, process, store and control the data. Few simple electronics circuits can be intelligently hardware designed without a microprocessor or microcontroller but is not....
-
-
Flash memory or a flash RAM is a type of nonvolatile semiconductor memory device where stored data exists even when memory device is not electrically powered. It`s an improved version of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). The....
-
Here is a collection of (SMPS) schematic, datasheets, images and tips for switch mode power supplies using TL494/ LM339, KA7500 and IC2003....
-
Here are the datasheet and the circuit dram of a PC Switching Power Supply using the IC CG8010DX16....
-
Using MAX1496 an ADC with LED drivers, you can make your own 3 1/2 digit voltmeter with just a handful of components. It even has external/internal Vref, HOLD and PEAK as well as 200mV, 2V rangs....
-
This application note is intended to familiarize the filter designer with the fundamentals of active filter design, using monolithic IC op amps. It presents a table of transfer functions and network equations for high-pass, low-pass, band-pass and....
-
The main ΣΔloop, which again operates in steady state, is fully controlled by summing comparator Q2, which amplifies the ripples of the sensed inductor current and output voltage by gains KI and KV, respectively, to generate an internal variable s. This....
-
Despite the need for an IC, this ubiquitous interface between the modulator and audio-video signals has not been reduced to an integrated circuit. The major reasons for that deficiency are the difficulty of such a design, the variations required for....
-
-
Advantages and disadvantages of different power supply technologies as well as the design considerations involved in choosing and evaluating a mains transformer. The pros and cons of external supplies, inrush current control, RF emissions from bridge....
-
-
The all-analog circuit presented controls the rateat which a miniature turbojet engine can be throttled. Increasing or decreasing the throttle too quickly on a miniature turbojet engine, or any jet engine, can lead to quick failure in flight, causing....
-
As circuit power-supply voltages decrease and green energy trends grow in popularity, designers should re-examine some of the circuits that continually consume power, in an effort to reduce overall system power consumption. One circuit that requires....
-
The wide diversity of automotive motor-drivers, including those used for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), headlamp, seat positioning, window, and mirror applications, requires circuits that do more than just switch the motor on and off. The....
-
-
-
-
Capacitive proximity sensing has been a very popular topic with our audience over the past year. For your convenience, at the end of this article, there is a hot-linked list of related articles published at Planet Analog. To read Part 1 of this article,....
-
Stepper motors are useful for relatively low-speed, intermediate-torque drive and positioning applications, particularly where accurate sub-revolution rotor position control is necessary. Motors of this type are commonly used to drive the reels on....
-
design of the circuit and coding for the project`s stepper motor controller, the development of the circuit and coding for the speed-controlled DC motor for the project`s propulsion system, the circuit and coding for the system`s navigation system using a....
-
The two most common motor-control methods are: DC Chopper control and Phase Angle control. This article explores the differences between the two methods, identifying some of the key trade-offs that can be useful for motor-control designers when determining....
-
Implementing tactile (haptic) feedback in consumer-electronic devices enhances the user ’s experience. It provides a sense of touch in a user-interface design and is the newest major interface on smartphones and other portable consumer-electronic devices.....
-
-
-
The drawback of this architecture is that it disregards the differences between the various channels. First, the subwoofer channel has a reduced bandwidth and its signal is often generated in real time by summing the low-frequency components of the....
-
Pulse size and width are independent of the pulse energy or other properties of the event. Geiger-Mueller tubes are less sensitive to non-gamma-ray radiation, and their dose-rate calibration accuracy is poor. They are widely used because they offer a good....
-
High-efficiency step-down switching regulators for positive voltages are very common, however negative step-down switching regulators (negative voltage in, negative voltage out, common ground) are not as well known, even though they are often needed.....
-
-
In battery-powered applications, like cell phones, PDAs, digital cameras, etc. , an integrated dc-dc converter circuit solution offers several advantages in terms of cost, size, and design complexity. A critical hurdle in obtaining a fully integrated....
-
-
A solution to one aspect of Power over Ethernet (PoE) is presented here utilizing the ON Semiconductor NCP1031 series of monolithic, high-voltage switching regulators with internal MOSFET. The application note provides details for constructing an....
-
The IEEE standards for so-called "high power-over-Ethernet" (HPOE) have yet to be resolved, but most designers expect a 53 VDC source, usable current from each line of about 750 mA, and a total cable resistance of 12. 5 ohms. If you design for what will....
-
If the ramp driving your PWM-based controller isn`t linear or monotonic, or just plain noisy, your DC/DC converter isn`t going to work up to its capabilities. Here`s what you need to know to get the best performance from your system. Today`s typical DC/DC....
-
-
-
This article presents practical techniques for incorporating "correctness by design" in DDR2 interfaces, from a Signal Integrity (SI) perspective, using the current generation of available design tools. Some common DDR2 design errors are analyzed, as well as....
-
Consumers have been found manipulating their electric meters, causing them to stop, under-register or even bypassing the meter, effectively using power without paying for it. An energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied....
-
The cost of electricity around the world has steadily been rising for over the past 40 years. With the exception of a few periods of flat rates and a handful of minor downwards, the cost of electricity has risen almost every year since 1970. There are a....
-
-
With regard to the System Monitor feature presented in this article, Avalon Microelectronics used this feature in two Virtex-5 FPGAs (XC5VLX330T) in their development with great success. They had an unusual problem on their development board, which shut down....
-
-
Much of the focus around residential gateways designs has focused on distributing communication connectivity within a home or residence. But, in order to distribute content, gateways must first have an effective WAN interface that provides access to cable....
-
Consumers of mobile wireless devices expect a workable, real-world balance of performance and battery life. This is particularly applicable in third-generation (3G) wireless designs, due to the fact that these devices will house more powerful and feature....
-
A four-channel programmable signal converter (PSC) that it said will enable complete four-channel signal processing and filtering in minutes. The QF4A512 PSC features a 16-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter with four differential or single ended....
Attached schematic diagram is a Johnson Counter. Would you pls advise while ""Loop 2"" is considered to be INVALID? Also, pls suggest few....
hello , I am planningto build Digital Thermometer using ATmegsa8 and LM335. Can Somebody tell me how should i go about ?? I want to display it on....
i am going to programmer my atmeg8515 Mc and i am searching for good and easy parallel programmer for it also i want to know the assembly instructions ....
Even including labor I would think that the real cost of purchasing, stocking, assembly, assembly mistakes, more expensive PCB (more holes, larger), more difficult to tune, etc. would cause it to be much more expensive...
Hello to everyone! How I can control these graphical LCDs with a microcontroller? Is there any datasheet?....
Hi all, I,ve built this nice circuit found in Silicon Chip magazine to test my bipolar stepper motor collections. Easy to built and works perfectly....
The resistor in series with the LED in Collector circuit of transistor T1 must be 470 ohm, not 470k. To connect the bulb 24V-3W, you should know that resistance of this bulb when lighting is 24x24/3 = 190 ohm, when it is not lit, the resistance is about 10....
how to interface an lcd to 89c51 using 4 bit mode. am using lampex16200 pls send me manual of this controller....
Hi!!! What is the frequency (through Low Pass Filter) recomended for the contrast of a LCD? I want to control the contrast of a LCD with the PWM of a....
Hi all I made this circuit to be a light dimmer but it did not work. I use BT136 for the SCR and MOC3022 for optocoupler. Can you tell me what is the....
Hey freinds i m doing project on RFID(Radio Frequency Identification). I m using AT89c51/52/S52 uC. I m using RS-232 fror serial communication, he....
hi here is new models 3 digit cc and ca dispaly multiplexed 3 didgit voltmeter chip TC7107(ICL7107) Thumb switch with commom pin bcd and hex regards....
I have a bipolar motor, and software written for PIC 12F508 to drive unipolar motor. Is the schematic in attachment correct for this purpose? Coil A1, ....
The LCD in question appears to have more pins than the microcontroller, I could not expand the image to get a better look. Unless you are adamant about using this display, I recommend obtaining a hitachi compliant alphanumeric display (onboard driver), this....
This machine`s playfield features a catapult that fires the pinball, trolls that pop up from the playfield, and an exploding castle with a drawbridge and iron drop-gate. All the plastics were replaced with a New Old Stock (NOS) set from Marcos Specialties. I....
The PCS SceneMaster Model LM4LS2 was won from Home Automator Magazine for `Best Web Site` and was installed during the spring of 1999. This controller is capable of ramping lights on and off, and `scenes`. This is where a single X-10 command can produce a....
These were about $60 a pair with charger and batteries, and have a three-bar battery gauge. With experimentation I found that if the voltage is greater than 4. 28V, all three bars light up. More than 3. 47V, two bars will light up. Below this latter voltage....
I have been able to monitor the power usage of the home with the Power Node. One project I have been meaning to tackle is to monitor the water usage as well. The photo below shows my main water meter. I also have a "sub-meter", which measures the water usage....
As power supply switching frequencies increase, higher loop crossover frequencies are necessary to keep pace with the escalating load transient slew rate demands, and to reduce the number and size of filter components. For voltage-mode-controlled supplies,....
The first versions operated from ±15V supplies, featured bandwidths of 50 MHz, and delivered slew rates in the low hundreds of volts per microsecond. Today`s fastest amplifiers run on ±5V supplies with bandwidths of 1. 4 GHz and slew rates of 6000V/ µsec.....
Before designing with one of today`s powerful buck regulator ICs, you`ll want a thorough understanding of voltage mode control and compensation. ....
A typical SCR (silicon-controlled rectifier) requires a trigger current, which causes the SCR structure to latch on. Once the device latches, the current through the SCR is solely a function of external component values. The SCR has no inherent ability to....
By combining switching and series-pass techniques, this high-voltage supply`s designer achieved 0.01% regulation at power levels to 100W....
An ac drive controls ac induction motors and, like its dc counterparts, controls speed, torque, and horsepower. A dc drive typically controls a shunt-wound dc motor, which has separate armature and field circuits. This teardown of the Schneider Electric....
This Design Idea came about as a result of my not having access to those wonderful new ICs that sense current. I needed a discrete circuit that I could build easily but that would still be as accurate as the new ICs. This circuit seems to do the job. Q2 is....
A low-distortion Meacham-bulb-stabilized Wien-bridge oscillator is used to acquire the FFT of a pure sinusoid of about 5 kHz....
Many systems require that the primary source of DC power be converted to other voltages. Battery driven circuitry is an obvious candidate....
Jim Williams had the unique ability to integrate his different talents in science, art, inventing and engineering and to bring forth easily understandable tutorials, app notes and tech phone conversations with customers that enabled better designs to emanate....
Contact bounce is a critical issue when interfacing switches or relays to a digital control system. The ultimate contact debouncer is an easy-to-use and flexible approach to solve the contact bounce problem for any microcontroller....
Bipolar junction transistors transfer a current from a lower-resistance emitter to a higher-resistance collector. You can use this property to measure inductance....
New design techniques in LED driver circuits promise to deliver significant energy savings that will go a long way toward helping TV manufacturers meet the tough requirements for power consumption....
Audio metering is present in almost any equipment that plays or records audio from cell phones displaying bar graphs of audio output levels, to home stereos with flashing LEDS, to live broadcasting. There are multiple standards for audio metering that deal....
This slideshow is based on the LEDs Design Ideas Collection, a collection of LED-related reader submitted circuits and design applications that have appeared in EDN`s `Design Ideas` section. Here you can browse through the circuit schematics in that....
This single white-LED torch can be housed in an empty glue-stick tube and has a long rechargeable-battery life....
A constant-voltage active load can perform as a battery during the charge cycle. You can set the load voltage from 5 to 35V by using potentiometer PV and thus can simulate batteries ranging from 6 to 32V. In testing a battery charger (during design or for....
When your application requires no PWM (pulse-width-modulated) dimming or controlled frequency operation, your primary concern may be that too much current could damage or destroy your LEDs. In this case, you can make a simple LED-current limiter from a....
The following is Chapter 4, part five of a five part series ""Some thoughts on DC/DC converters"" by the late Jim Williams and Brian Huffman from Linear Technology`s Volume II book entitled, ""Analog Circuit Design-- Immersion in the Black Art of analog....
Check out this specialized test gadget that tests continuity quantitatively in both AC and DC modes; it could prove to be an indispensable general bench test instrument....
The Wien-bridge sine-wave oscillator uses a light bulb to stabilize its amplitude. The circuit in Fig 1 doesn`t have a light bulb; it sports several enhancements that lower its distortion and generate a test signal pure enough for testing modern op amps and....
The simple transistor tester in Figure 1 lets you identify the type of transistor, and it helps in detecting a transistor`s emitter, collector, and base....
To create the circuit you will need to connect a switch as an input and an LED as an output to the Arduino. This means that you will need a switch, an LED, a 10k © resistor, a 470 © resistor, a blue or yellow jumper wire, and a red jumper wire. The Arduino....
The last thing to do is to wire the IR LEDs, the resistors, and the IR receivers into the Arduino. First, connect the +5v prongs of the IR receivers (right prong if facing the receiver) using the red wires. They should be directly hooked up to the +5 volt....
The red wire of the sensor connects to +5 volts, the black wire connects to Ground (GND), and the yellow signal wire connects to analog pin A0 through the same bus as the 10k ohm resistor that is connected to ground...
The magnetic field built up in the ballast collapses quickly, producing a high voltage across the tube and causing the internal gas to conduct. It`s a bit like slowly blowing up a balloon and sticking a pin in it...
A clock-and-data recovery (CDR) circuit is used to both recover the clock from a transmitted data stream and re-time that data with the recovered clock. Such circuits are typically placed at the front-end of receiver chips to recover the clock from data sent....
DDR SDRAM is a dynamic ram standard that is designed to provide high memory depth and bandwidth. This section will provide the basic DDR SDRAM background necessary to effectively use the TM-4`s memory subsystem. In particular the memory organization will be....
The 8-bit 2x1 multiplexer consists of 16 tristate buffers and a static inverter. It is designed so that when the select bit is low, 8 of the input bits are sent through tristate buffers to the 8 output bits, and when the select bit is high, the other 8 input....
If sine wave is very essential it can be derived from the square wave. One of the most popular IC used to generate clock from Maxim Integrated Products is MAX9471. Please refer this circuit below to design a clock generator out of this device. This device....
C1=1000 Micro Farad aluminum electrolytic capacitor (For loads less than 100mA you can sustitute with 220 microfards capacitor), Voltage rating = 2. 5 times of Output Voltage. C1 = 1000 Micro Farad aluminum electrolytic capacitor(For loads less than 100mA....
Embedded Systems is simply the brain of the most of the electronics based systems to access, process, store and control the data. Few simple electronics circuits can be intelligently hardware designed without a microprocessor or microcontroller but is not....
Flash memory or a flash RAM is a type of nonvolatile semiconductor memory device where stored data exists even when memory device is not electrically powered. It`s an improved version of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). The....
Here is a collection of (SMPS) schematic, datasheets, images and tips for switch mode power supplies using TL494/ LM339, KA7500 and IC2003....
Here are the datasheet and the circuit dram of a PC Switching Power Supply using the IC CG8010DX16....
Using MAX1496 an ADC with LED drivers, you can make your own 3 1/2 digit voltmeter with just a handful of components. It even has external/internal Vref, HOLD and PEAK as well as 200mV, 2V rangs....
This application note is intended to familiarize the filter designer with the fundamentals of active filter design, using monolithic IC op amps. It presents a table of transfer functions and network equations for high-pass, low-pass, band-pass and....
The main ΣΔloop, which again operates in steady state, is fully controlled by summing comparator Q2, which amplifies the ripples of the sensed inductor current and output voltage by gains KI and KV, respectively, to generate an internal variable s. This....
Despite the need for an IC, this ubiquitous interface between the modulator and audio-video signals has not been reduced to an integrated circuit. The major reasons for that deficiency are the difficulty of such a design, the variations required for....
Advantages and disadvantages of different power supply technologies as well as the design considerations involved in choosing and evaluating a mains transformer. The pros and cons of external supplies, inrush current control, RF emissions from bridge....
The all-analog circuit presented controls the rateat which a miniature turbojet engine can be throttled. Increasing or decreasing the throttle too quickly on a miniature turbojet engine, or any jet engine, can lead to quick failure in flight, causing....
As circuit power-supply voltages decrease and green energy trends grow in popularity, designers should re-examine some of the circuits that continually consume power, in an effort to reduce overall system power consumption. One circuit that requires....
The wide diversity of automotive motor-drivers, including those used for HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), headlamp, seat positioning, window, and mirror applications, requires circuits that do more than just switch the motor on and off. The....
Capacitive proximity sensing has been a very popular topic with our audience over the past year. For your convenience, at the end of this article, there is a hot-linked list of related articles published at Planet Analog. To read Part 1 of this article,....
Stepper motors are useful for relatively low-speed, intermediate-torque drive and positioning applications, particularly where accurate sub-revolution rotor position control is necessary. Motors of this type are commonly used to drive the reels on....
design of the circuit and coding for the project`s stepper motor controller, the development of the circuit and coding for the speed-controlled DC motor for the project`s propulsion system, the circuit and coding for the system`s navigation system using a....
The two most common motor-control methods are: DC Chopper control and Phase Angle control. This article explores the differences between the two methods, identifying some of the key trade-offs that can be useful for motor-control designers when determining....
Implementing tactile (haptic) feedback in consumer-electronic devices enhances the user ’s experience. It provides a sense of touch in a user-interface design and is the newest major interface on smartphones and other portable consumer-electronic devices.....
The drawback of this architecture is that it disregards the differences between the various channels. First, the subwoofer channel has a reduced bandwidth and its signal is often generated in real time by summing the low-frequency components of the....
Pulse size and width are independent of the pulse energy or other properties of the event. Geiger-Mueller tubes are less sensitive to non-gamma-ray radiation, and their dose-rate calibration accuracy is poor. They are widely used because they offer a good....
High-efficiency step-down switching regulators for positive voltages are very common, however negative step-down switching regulators (negative voltage in, negative voltage out, common ground) are not as well known, even though they are often needed.....
In battery-powered applications, like cell phones, PDAs, digital cameras, etc. , an integrated dc-dc converter circuit solution offers several advantages in terms of cost, size, and design complexity. A critical hurdle in obtaining a fully integrated....
A solution to one aspect of Power over Ethernet (PoE) is presented here utilizing the ON Semiconductor NCP1031 series of monolithic, high-voltage switching regulators with internal MOSFET. The application note provides details for constructing an....
The IEEE standards for so-called "high power-over-Ethernet" (HPOE) have yet to be resolved, but most designers expect a 53 VDC source, usable current from each line of about 750 mA, and a total cable resistance of 12. 5 ohms. If you design for what will....
If the ramp driving your PWM-based controller isn`t linear or monotonic, or just plain noisy, your DC/DC converter isn`t going to work up to its capabilities. Here`s what you need to know to get the best performance from your system. Today`s typical DC/DC....
This article presents practical techniques for incorporating "correctness by design" in DDR2 interfaces, from a Signal Integrity (SI) perspective, using the current generation of available design tools. Some common DDR2 design errors are analyzed, as well as....
Consumers have been found manipulating their electric meters, causing them to stop, under-register or even bypassing the meter, effectively using power without paying for it. An energy meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied....
The cost of electricity around the world has steadily been rising for over the past 40 years. With the exception of a few periods of flat rates and a handful of minor downwards, the cost of electricity has risen almost every year since 1970. There are a....
With regard to the System Monitor feature presented in this article, Avalon Microelectronics used this feature in two Virtex-5 FPGAs (XC5VLX330T) in their development with great success. They had an unusual problem on their development board, which shut down....
Much of the focus around residential gateways designs has focused on distributing communication connectivity within a home or residence. But, in order to distribute content, gateways must first have an effective WAN interface that provides access to cable....
Consumers of mobile wireless devices expect a workable, real-world balance of performance and battery life. This is particularly applicable in third-generation (3G) wireless designs, due to the fact that these devices will house more powerful and feature....
A four-channel programmable signal converter (PSC) that it said will enable complete four-channel signal processing and filtering in minutes. The QF4A512 PSC features a 16-bit analog-to-digital (A/D) converter with four differential or single ended....
