Top Circuits Page 259
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The PLL pulse generator is shown as the chart. The circuit is the phase-locked loop (PLL) pulse generator circuit. PLL makes a fractional frequency to crystal oscillator and gets 1kHz stepped frequency signal, moreover, it obtains 10kHz 999kHz pulse waveform....
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This house FM transmitter for your stereo or any other amplifier provides a good signal strength up to a distance of 500 meters with a power output of about 200 mW. It works off a 9V battery. The audio-frequency modulation stage is built around transistor....
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The receiver is composed of several subassemblies: an active antenna, an amplifier (with a regeneration control and band-switching circuitry), an AM detector, a power amplifier, and some form of output device (internal speaker, external speaker, or phones),....
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This circuit is a Hartley oscillator, as identified by the fact that the feedback to the JFET transistor (Q1) is supplied by a tap on the tuning inductance (L1). The position of the tap is usually between and 35 percent of the total coil length. A buffer....
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It can change the frequency range, and the oscillating signal is adjusted by potentiometer RP1. Since the output resistance is very low ( 1K ©), it issuitable for various kinds of control circuit as a source. In the circuit, the transistor`s collector....
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The sine wave generator composed of inverter is shown as the chart. The circuit could get high stable sine wave in more than a few MHz. In the figure, A1 and the crystal oscillator form a oscillating circuit, the output of A1 becomes sine wave signal after....
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T1 and T2 in the circuitform theinherent oscillator, T3 is output level. Network consists of high-pass filter (C3, C4, R6 + - R7) and low pass filter, it`s output is added to the T3 base via C6 and R8, and in the collector of T3, it willget required square....
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A high quality stereo FM transmitter circuit is shown here. The circuit is based on the IC BA1404 from ROHM Semiconductors. BA1404 is a monolithic FM stereo modulator that has built in stereo modulator, FM modulator, RF amplifier circuitry. BA1404 FM....
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With this Stereo FM Transmitter with BA1404 you will be able to create a mini stereo FM station and broadcast to your entire home, a simple way to have an audio link wireless with ease. With the FM transmitter BA1404 Hifi Stereo you can stream your music....
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This is a simple RF receiver mainly for low-distance digital radio receiver application. The analog output of this circuit should be connected to a schmitt-trigger signal conditioning circuit with a proper value capacitor (from collector of T3). L1 for 27Mhz....
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Uses barium titanate transducer as microphone, tuned with 20-mh coil to provide peaks at control frequencies of 38.5 and 41.5 kc. Balanced discriminator detects the two ultrasonic tones. Frequency shift of continuous ultrasonic tone activates tuning-motor....
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This is an Analogue TV Transmitter. Sound modulation is type FM with a 5.5MHz carrier and video transmission is PAL. Frequency is adjustable via C5 and tunes 54 to 216Mhz with components shown. This is suitable for countries using TV systems B and G....
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As shown on the figure 11-6, the fishing circuit consists of timing circuit and audio circuit. 555, RP1 and C1 make up the single shot circuit. The definite time: td=1.1RP1C1. The maximal definite time given by the figure is 15s.IC2 adopts the muisc....
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In Figure 7-2 is the FSK signal demodulation circuit composed of the digital phase-lock. The circuit consists of 2 oscillators with different frequencies, i.e crystal oscillators X (the frequency is 983.04KHz) and X2 (the frequency is 1.2288MHz) compose the....
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The multi-purpose signal generator circuit is composed of the integrated circuit oscillators and the frequency dividers, it produces the square wave from the high frequency to the sub-audio frequency, and it also produces the frequency standard VHF. The....
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The oscillator that is composed of the quartz crystal can be divided into two kinds: the parallel resonant type crystal oscillator and the series resonant type crystal oscillator. The parallel resonant type crystal oscillator and the AC equivalent circuit of....
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Working principle of the circuitThis medical electric aspirator waterproof controller consists of the power supply circuit, liquid level detection control circuit and alarm circuit, see as figure 9-47. The power supply circuit consists of the switch S1,....
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The circuit consists of power circuit, infrared controlling circuit, temperature examining circuit and temperature unusual warning circuit (It is showed in picture 9-42.). When the temperature is lower than the reset temperature the semiconductor....
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Crystal is in feedback path of Pierce oscillator, between base and collector of al, with 2.5-mH RF choke in place of tuned collector circuit. Oscillator works from 400 kHz to 20 MHz, depending on crystal. Designed for fundamental crystals; third overtone....
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This small FM transmitter with a range of about 50 meters designed for connection to the USB port. With lots of mini-transmitters then you have a comprehensive, action-packed radio program. Due to the power supply via the USB port of a high frequency....
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Work of the circuit The circuit consists of power supply circuit, ultrasonic oscillator circuit, pre-amplifier, amplifier and power amplifier drive output circuit. (It is showed in picture 8-125.)Power supply circuit consists of power switch Sl, fuse FU,....
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If you want to be independent of the local radio stations for testing VHF receivers, you need a frequency-modulated oscillator that covers the range of 89.5 to 108 MHz ? but building such an oscillator using discrete components is not that easy. Maxim now....
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Variable audio oscillator with a range of 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. The chip used is an Intersil 8038 waveform generator, which is a 14-pin DIP (courtesy Intersil, Inc.)....
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Building your own ipod FM radio transmitter. It works quite easy, there is a power switch on the bottom to turn it on and tune your radio and transmitter to the right frequency. For the antenna you can use a copper wire of 70 cm. The range of this FM....
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As shown in the figure, the temperature detection, temperature-voltage switch and voltage-frequency switch circuit is used to remote detect temperature. We connect the circuit and wireless transmitting circuit forming a temperature detection remote control....
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Need some program to set it`s channels to the maximum level, or write the full scale to the DAC. Looking at the MD schematics, you`ll see that the audio is mixed together with relations of 0. 0431 for the PSG, 1 for the YM and 0. 0468 for the external audio....
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I got myself a Super GameBoy today, but I noticed that the sound pitch is notably higher than an original GameBoy(CPU clock frequency doesn`t match between the Super GameBoy and GameBoy "Brick," 4.194304 MHz for the "Brick" and 4.295454 MHz for the Super....
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As no one wants to listen to discriminator noise, the proper operation of the squelch circuit in any FM radio is vital. In a repeater, the squelch / COR is even more critical. The basic function of a squelch circuit is simple: detect the presence of a radio....
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At some point every ham working with FM radios has need to do some tuning of the transmitter and receiver. If you are like me and lucky enough to have professional test equipment, this task is easy. If you don`t have access to professional equipment, you....
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A calculating resonance capacity from formula (1) and NFC Tag LSI are set to antenna circuit board, and measured resonance frequency, after that, adjusting resonance capacity..
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Here is the full schematic for the driver. I chose to use a PIC16F628 as the microcontroller because it is cheap, has a internal oscillator (4 MHz) and an internal USART. NOTE: There is an error in this schematic and a pull-up resistor on RA5 (pin 4 in the....
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Get More Information about Circuit Diagram of Mobile Jammer by visiting this link.A GSM Jammer or cell phone jammer is a device that transmit signal on the same frequency at which the GSM system operates, the jamming success when the mobile phones in the....
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The GS1674 is a high-speed BiCMOS integrated circuit designed to equalize and restore signals received over 75ohm coaxial cable. The device is optimized for performance at 270Mb/s and 1. 485Gb/s, and features DC restoration to compensate for the DC content....
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This two-part article describes how to use a simple voltage divider circuit with a thermistor to achieve high-accuracy temperature readings over broad measurement ranges. Part one discusses the circuit and various temperature estimation methods....
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The report gives the reader info related to light sensor, light photoresistor, comparator, and circuit. There are lots of information regarding detection....
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In this tutorial we can get information related to sensor amplifier, schematic, and noise. This tutorial presents discussion around sensor, output, and....
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If you`ve ever wanted a high-voltage generator to create neat lightning effects, perform Kirlian photography experiments or play with neon lights, then this one is for you!. " We will describe a laboratory pulse generator using an auto-ignition coil and....
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Build this exciting Jacob`s Ladder and watch electric arcs ascend the ladder and evaporate in space. It works from a clever 12, 000-volt power supply. Author Robert Iannini. " People have long been fascinated by electric arcs-and perhaps put off by them.....
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The circuit consists of little more than a few coils, a step-up power transformer, and a capacitor. Power from an AC wall receptacle is fed to transformer T1 (a small neon-sign transformer) which steps the voltage up to about 3000-volts AC. The stepped-up....
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Most Tesla coils designed for educational and experimental purposes use line-operated, step-up transformer-in setups like that shown in Fig. 1 -to generate the high voltage needed for the coil`s primary circuit. While there`s nothing technically wrong with....
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Tesla built the world`s most powerful radio transmitter. Around the base of a 200-foot mast, he placed an air-core transformer that measured 75 feet in diameter. The primary consisted only of only a few turns of wire; the secondary was 10 feet in diameter....
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This Precision Power Supply is a nice addition on your workbench as primary, or in my case, a supplementary power supply. With zero to 40V and 2A with adjustable current limiting it will surely gets lots of use on your bench. On average the most amperage for....
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All errors in circuit diagrams, documents and layout are corrected. The circuit as shown below is functional and working. Note that Q2 is sensitive and easily destroyed by wrong connection, shorts, over-voltage or too much current. What does that mean If....
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The project started with a request from a fellow member of the Long Eaton Club, Tony Bowler. He was interested in converting one of the `Golden Oldies` to electric free-flight. He choose Vic Smeed`s "Debutante" to power with seven AE size cells and a....
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The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, or MOSFET for short, is similar in many ways to the junction FET (JFET). Both are voltage-driven unipolar devices that depend on either electron or hole movement-but not both, as does the bipolar....
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The bipolar junction transistor is still one of the cornerstone`s of modern solid-state electronics. Learn (or review) the basics of this important active device. The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) triggered the revolution in modern solid-state....
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An audio power amplifier can boost weak signals from a tuner, CD player, or tape deck to fill a room with sound. This article focuses on the operating principles and circuitry of low-frequency power amplifiers based on the bipolar junction transistor (BJT).....
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This last article on bipolar junction transistors (BJT) is a potpourri of circuits. Some are practical and some are not so practical, but they can be great for experiments. With these circuits you can amplify signals, filter high and low frequencies,....
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A few time ago I decided to create a media center box to replace my DVD player, sattelite receiver, VCR and my kid`s Play Station 2, toone device. So, I made a core 2 duo processor system that actually replaced with succeed, all my electronic devices. The....
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I describe the procedure I followed to build the Box, the Lamp System and the Countdown System which is based on the AVR mega8 microcontroller. Four blacklight lamps, 15W each, emit radiation at the region of UVA, with a peak around 350nm where the thin....
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The basic small-range remote controls are 2, Infrared and RF (Radio Frequency). One of the weaks of Infrared is that the signal can not pass the walls. So, if you wantto control your garage door, the only way is to use some RF remote control. The circuit....
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On this project we will control anAVR microcontroller (MCU) via Visual Basic 6. The applications of this circuit is countless. You can make, anything you want, that needs control from a Personal Computer (PC)or from anycircuit collects data from sensors.....
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The TRW-24G connector pins is too small (~1mm pin to pin). For that I order the adaptor PCB that is convert the small connector of RF module, to standard pin connector. The pin order of RF modules in schematic diagram is based on pin order of pin adaptor,....
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When you use microcontrollers in your designs, sometime you face a problem how to show user required data. Several LEDs, 7 segment display or LCD module can be solution. But if you must show a lot of information simultaneously, it can be difficulty. Large....
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Programmer in my "AVR software and technical Library - April 2003" CD-rom and decide to publish it. The reason was, that this programmer is very stable and works perfect with AVR Studio 4. I hadtested it before published it, with AT90s2313 and its worked....
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A very simple circuit forexperiments with AT90S2313, 2x16 LCD display and 4x4 keypad. The clock is based on 4 MHz crystal, but you can use any other crystalbetween 1-4 MHz. The keys with the name "A", "B". "F" are typed to the LCD with numbers 10-16. Because....
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This mini Logic analyzer is a tool for you to watch on LCD the logic transitions 0 or 1 of a digital data signal. A digital data signal can be found on the output pin of TSOP-1730 Infrared Receiver, on the Transmit and reveive pins of MAX-232 chip (RS-232),....
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Most of the source code of this project its based on my Telecard reader projectof my web site. The components for this project arefew and ordinary, thatmeans low-cost and easy-to-be-found. The "keys" are empty or not telecards (Phone cards. Not cell phone....
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This circuit is onlyreader. It`s not programmer. You CANNOT refill, hack or any illegal thing, the telecards. The purposeof this circuit is for you to understand how a microcontroller readsthetelecard, forbuilding other electronic circuits such as"electronic....
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The current Milwaukee Guitar design uses an off-board computer (a desktop PC) to control the servomotors. A standard USB number pad is connected to the computer which then provides output signals through a Velleman K8055 USB experiment interface board to the....
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U1 (555 in monostable) creates a square wave signal to matchyour signal. then it sends that square wave into the mixer (u2) along with your original signal to be mixed. so it actually is a doubler. every note you play will have a square wave note of the same....
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Those pickups go to their own volume controls that are push/pull so I can coil tap them, and then onto a 5 way switch before going to the jack. To make it slightly more complex though, I`d like to put in a switch that determines whether the bridge is on or....
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Using an Atmel ATTiny2313 microcontroller and an HD44780-compatible character LCD display, along with a reed switch and some magnets, I was able to construct a tiny speedometer/trip computer for a soapbox derby cart. It measured the speed of the cart using a....
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Even with the controls in the highest position there will always be some signal leakage, and hence loss of tone. With Module 3, putting the bypass switch to `Solo` cuts the tone and volume controls from the circuits and effectively wires the pickups directly....
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The Clock Controller was designed to be an exemplary of using `C` language to control timer0 interrupt, 7-segment LED and keypad scanning. It provides 1-bit sink current driving output, for driving a relay, opto-triac, say. Many projects requiring 7-segment....
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A very nice universal window based software designed to work with any serial programmers for PIC16F84, i. e. , WPicProg16 V1. 20. Build this programmer before start constructing the coming many interesting F84 projects. Some PIC programmers can be used for....
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This is a very simple RF transmitter circuit that consists of the Holtek HT-12E encoder chip and AM 418MHZ-transmitter module (WZ-X01). Using the hybrid RF xmit/receive modules make building the RF remote control a lot easy. The transmitter can be powered....
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This is the main building block of the home automation system. My goal here was to design one circuit board that could be customized for different functions by selectively populating the board, adding daughter boards, and changing the software. Currently,....
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The drive level of a crystal unit is shown by the level of the operating power or the current consumption (see Figures 9, 10, and 11). Operating the crystal unit at an excessive power level will result in the degradation of its characteristics, which may....
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This schematic example (see sine2square. png ) demonstrates a sinusoidal voltage input at a frequency of 10KHz converted to a square wave through an inverter-based circuit. VDD and VSS rails are ties to +1V and =1V, respectively. The control file (....
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Need USB solution for your project Use LPC2148 MCU. In old days it`s very handy using LPT or COM to interface your project to PC but today they are vanished just like dinosaur. All switch status can be monitored on the PC, as well as the ADC value. The LEDs....
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In 1991, I was very interested on this display but I can`t find one in the town and expensive to import from abroad. But now, it`s everywhere and I can say that this technology is obsolete since the colorful TFT display is easy to find and cheap. The mcu is....
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This module is HC-06 a slave mode serial bluetooth data link. The chips is made by CSR. In this project, my mobile phone will talk to AT89C2051 via HC-06. All the complication has been put in the cage (in the java library and bluetooth module), so what I....
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The resolution of the barometric pressure is about 0. 00417 inHg (0. 0139 kPa) for a pressure range of 31. 0 to 28. 0 inHg (105. 0 to 95. 0 kPa, or 1050 to 950 mb or hPa). Better resolutions are possible with a more restricted pressure range. The circuit....
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Ignore components C1, C2, R3. The MOSFET, Q1, switches on creating a short circuit between the right hand side of the inductor, L1, and 0V. Thus a fixed voltage of 3. 3V is applied across the inductor, so its current will ramp up according to When the MOSFET....
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The top MOSFET switches on creating a short circuit between the input voltage (IN) and the left hand side of the inductor, L1. The inductor current ramps up according to the equation where V is the voltage across the inductor, L is the inductance value and....
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One of the simplest sinewave oscillators is the Wien Bridge Oscillator. Any circuit requires 2 conditions to oscillate. Tracing the path from the input, round the feedback network, back to the input there must be an overall phase shift of 0 degrees at one....
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This project is a simple 12V to 220V modified sine-wave inverter using 555 timer IC and CD4017 decade counter. This inverter can deliver 300W continuous power and around 500W max power output (short period). A very good inverter for uninterruptible power....
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Pulse width modulation or familiarly known as PWM is used to control the delivered power to load without loosing the efficiency. The speed of an electric motor....
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Capacitance meter is one instrument that you should have in your toolbox if you are an electronics hobbyist, or if you`re a professional electronic technician....
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Measuring inductance is important in making your hand-made inductors, especially when you do-it-yourself (DIY) your coil winding. An inductance meter adapter....
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Designing wide range variable power supply using linear regulator is easy, but suffer terrible efficiency when it should regulate 60 Volt constant source ....
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Neon lamp or tube lamp need high voltage to trigger the ionization of the gas inside the tube. After the ionization occurs, the voltage drops around 40 volts....
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DC to AC inverter is used to convert DC voltage source to an AC voltage source. DC AC inverter circuit works by switching the DC voltage source to make an....
The PLL pulse generator is shown as the chart. The circuit is the phase-locked loop (PLL) pulse generator circuit. PLL makes a fractional frequency to crystal oscillator and gets 1kHz stepped frequency signal, moreover, it obtains 10kHz 999kHz pulse waveform....
This house FM transmitter for your stereo or any other amplifier provides a good signal strength up to a distance of 500 meters with a power output of about 200 mW. It works off a 9V battery. The audio-frequency modulation stage is built around transistor....
The receiver is composed of several subassemblies: an active antenna, an amplifier (with a regeneration control and band-switching circuitry), an AM detector, a power amplifier, and some form of output device (internal speaker, external speaker, or phones),....
This circuit is a Hartley oscillator, as identified by the fact that the feedback to the JFET transistor (Q1) is supplied by a tap on the tuning inductance (L1). The position of the tap is usually between and 35 percent of the total coil length. A buffer....
It can change the frequency range, and the oscillating signal is adjusted by potentiometer RP1. Since the output resistance is very low ( 1K ©), it issuitable for various kinds of control circuit as a source. In the circuit, the transistor`s collector....
The sine wave generator composed of inverter is shown as the chart. The circuit could get high stable sine wave in more than a few MHz. In the figure, A1 and the crystal oscillator form a oscillating circuit, the output of A1 becomes sine wave signal after....
T1 and T2 in the circuitform theinherent oscillator, T3 is output level. Network consists of high-pass filter (C3, C4, R6 + - R7) and low pass filter, it`s output is added to the T3 base via C6 and R8, and in the collector of T3, it willget required square....
A high quality stereo FM transmitter circuit is shown here. The circuit is based on the IC BA1404 from ROHM Semiconductors. BA1404 is a monolithic FM stereo modulator that has built in stereo modulator, FM modulator, RF amplifier circuitry. BA1404 FM....
With this Stereo FM Transmitter with BA1404 you will be able to create a mini stereo FM station and broadcast to your entire home, a simple way to have an audio link wireless with ease. With the FM transmitter BA1404 Hifi Stereo you can stream your music....
This is a simple RF receiver mainly for low-distance digital radio receiver application. The analog output of this circuit should be connected to a schmitt-trigger signal conditioning circuit with a proper value capacitor (from collector of T3). L1 for 27Mhz....
Uses barium titanate transducer as microphone, tuned with 20-mh coil to provide peaks at control frequencies of 38.5 and 41.5 kc. Balanced discriminator detects the two ultrasonic tones. Frequency shift of continuous ultrasonic tone activates tuning-motor....
This is an Analogue TV Transmitter. Sound modulation is type FM with a 5.5MHz carrier and video transmission is PAL. Frequency is adjustable via C5 and tunes 54 to 216Mhz with components shown. This is suitable for countries using TV systems B and G....
As shown on the figure 11-6, the fishing circuit consists of timing circuit and audio circuit. 555, RP1 and C1 make up the single shot circuit. The definite time: td=1.1RP1C1. The maximal definite time given by the figure is 15s.IC2 adopts the muisc....
In Figure 7-2 is the FSK signal demodulation circuit composed of the digital phase-lock. The circuit consists of 2 oscillators with different frequencies, i.e crystal oscillators X (the frequency is 983.04KHz) and X2 (the frequency is 1.2288MHz) compose the....
The multi-purpose signal generator circuit is composed of the integrated circuit oscillators and the frequency dividers, it produces the square wave from the high frequency to the sub-audio frequency, and it also produces the frequency standard VHF. The....
The oscillator that is composed of the quartz crystal can be divided into two kinds: the parallel resonant type crystal oscillator and the series resonant type crystal oscillator. The parallel resonant type crystal oscillator and the AC equivalent circuit of....
Working principle of the circuitThis medical electric aspirator waterproof controller consists of the power supply circuit, liquid level detection control circuit and alarm circuit, see as figure 9-47. The power supply circuit consists of the switch S1,....
The circuit consists of power circuit, infrared controlling circuit, temperature examining circuit and temperature unusual warning circuit (It is showed in picture 9-42.). When the temperature is lower than the reset temperature the semiconductor....
Crystal is in feedback path of Pierce oscillator, between base and collector of al, with 2.5-mH RF choke in place of tuned collector circuit. Oscillator works from 400 kHz to 20 MHz, depending on crystal. Designed for fundamental crystals; third overtone....
This small FM transmitter with a range of about 50 meters designed for connection to the USB port. With lots of mini-transmitters then you have a comprehensive, action-packed radio program. Due to the power supply via the USB port of a high frequency....
Work of the circuit The circuit consists of power supply circuit, ultrasonic oscillator circuit, pre-amplifier, amplifier and power amplifier drive output circuit. (It is showed in picture 8-125.)Power supply circuit consists of power switch Sl, fuse FU,....
If you want to be independent of the local radio stations for testing VHF receivers, you need a frequency-modulated oscillator that covers the range of 89.5 to 108 MHz ? but building such an oscillator using discrete components is not that easy. Maxim now....
Variable audio oscillator with a range of 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. The chip used is an Intersil 8038 waveform generator, which is a 14-pin DIP (courtesy Intersil, Inc.)....
Building your own ipod FM radio transmitter. It works quite easy, there is a power switch on the bottom to turn it on and tune your radio and transmitter to the right frequency. For the antenna you can use a copper wire of 70 cm. The range of this FM....
As shown in the figure, the temperature detection, temperature-voltage switch and voltage-frequency switch circuit is used to remote detect temperature. We connect the circuit and wireless transmitting circuit forming a temperature detection remote control....
Need some program to set it`s channels to the maximum level, or write the full scale to the DAC. Looking at the MD schematics, you`ll see that the audio is mixed together with relations of 0. 0431 for the PSG, 1 for the YM and 0. 0468 for the external audio....
I got myself a Super GameBoy today, but I noticed that the sound pitch is notably higher than an original GameBoy(CPU clock frequency doesn`t match between the Super GameBoy and GameBoy "Brick," 4.194304 MHz for the "Brick" and 4.295454 MHz for the Super....
As no one wants to listen to discriminator noise, the proper operation of the squelch circuit in any FM radio is vital. In a repeater, the squelch / COR is even more critical. The basic function of a squelch circuit is simple: detect the presence of a radio....
At some point every ham working with FM radios has need to do some tuning of the transmitter and receiver. If you are like me and lucky enough to have professional test equipment, this task is easy. If you don`t have access to professional equipment, you....
A calculating resonance capacity from formula (1) and NFC Tag LSI are set to antenna circuit board, and measured resonance frequency, after that, adjusting resonance capacity..
Here is the full schematic for the driver. I chose to use a PIC16F628 as the microcontroller because it is cheap, has a internal oscillator (4 MHz) and an internal USART. NOTE: There is an error in this schematic and a pull-up resistor on RA5 (pin 4 in the....
Get More Information about Circuit Diagram of Mobile Jammer by visiting this link.A GSM Jammer or cell phone jammer is a device that transmit signal on the same frequency at which the GSM system operates, the jamming success when the mobile phones in the....
The GS1674 is a high-speed BiCMOS integrated circuit designed to equalize and restore signals received over 75ohm coaxial cable. The device is optimized for performance at 270Mb/s and 1. 485Gb/s, and features DC restoration to compensate for the DC content....
This two-part article describes how to use a simple voltage divider circuit with a thermistor to achieve high-accuracy temperature readings over broad measurement ranges. Part one discusses the circuit and various temperature estimation methods....
The report gives the reader info related to light sensor, light photoresistor, comparator, and circuit. There are lots of information regarding detection....
In this tutorial we can get information related to sensor amplifier, schematic, and noise. This tutorial presents discussion around sensor, output, and....
If you`ve ever wanted a high-voltage generator to create neat lightning effects, perform Kirlian photography experiments or play with neon lights, then this one is for you!. " We will describe a laboratory pulse generator using an auto-ignition coil and....
Build this exciting Jacob`s Ladder and watch electric arcs ascend the ladder and evaporate in space. It works from a clever 12, 000-volt power supply. Author Robert Iannini. " People have long been fascinated by electric arcs-and perhaps put off by them.....
The circuit consists of little more than a few coils, a step-up power transformer, and a capacitor. Power from an AC wall receptacle is fed to transformer T1 (a small neon-sign transformer) which steps the voltage up to about 3000-volts AC. The stepped-up....
Most Tesla coils designed for educational and experimental purposes use line-operated, step-up transformer-in setups like that shown in Fig. 1 -to generate the high voltage needed for the coil`s primary circuit. While there`s nothing technically wrong with....
Tesla built the world`s most powerful radio transmitter. Around the base of a 200-foot mast, he placed an air-core transformer that measured 75 feet in diameter. The primary consisted only of only a few turns of wire; the secondary was 10 feet in diameter....
This Precision Power Supply is a nice addition on your workbench as primary, or in my case, a supplementary power supply. With zero to 40V and 2A with adjustable current limiting it will surely gets lots of use on your bench. On average the most amperage for....
All errors in circuit diagrams, documents and layout are corrected. The circuit as shown below is functional and working. Note that Q2 is sensitive and easily destroyed by wrong connection, shorts, over-voltage or too much current. What does that mean If....
The project started with a request from a fellow member of the Long Eaton Club, Tony Bowler. He was interested in converting one of the `Golden Oldies` to electric free-flight. He choose Vic Smeed`s "Debutante" to power with seven AE size cells and a....
The Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor, or MOSFET for short, is similar in many ways to the junction FET (JFET). Both are voltage-driven unipolar devices that depend on either electron or hole movement-but not both, as does the bipolar....
The bipolar junction transistor is still one of the cornerstone`s of modern solid-state electronics. Learn (or review) the basics of this important active device. The Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) triggered the revolution in modern solid-state....
An audio power amplifier can boost weak signals from a tuner, CD player, or tape deck to fill a room with sound. This article focuses on the operating principles and circuitry of low-frequency power amplifiers based on the bipolar junction transistor (BJT).....
This last article on bipolar junction transistors (BJT) is a potpourri of circuits. Some are practical and some are not so practical, but they can be great for experiments. With these circuits you can amplify signals, filter high and low frequencies,....
A few time ago I decided to create a media center box to replace my DVD player, sattelite receiver, VCR and my kid`s Play Station 2, toone device. So, I made a core 2 duo processor system that actually replaced with succeed, all my electronic devices. The....
I describe the procedure I followed to build the Box, the Lamp System and the Countdown System which is based on the AVR mega8 microcontroller. Four blacklight lamps, 15W each, emit radiation at the region of UVA, with a peak around 350nm where the thin....
The basic small-range remote controls are 2, Infrared and RF (Radio Frequency). One of the weaks of Infrared is that the signal can not pass the walls. So, if you wantto control your garage door, the only way is to use some RF remote control. The circuit....
On this project we will control anAVR microcontroller (MCU) via Visual Basic 6. The applications of this circuit is countless. You can make, anything you want, that needs control from a Personal Computer (PC)or from anycircuit collects data from sensors.....
The TRW-24G connector pins is too small (~1mm pin to pin). For that I order the adaptor PCB that is convert the small connector of RF module, to standard pin connector. The pin order of RF modules in schematic diagram is based on pin order of pin adaptor,....
When you use microcontrollers in your designs, sometime you face a problem how to show user required data. Several LEDs, 7 segment display or LCD module can be solution. But if you must show a lot of information simultaneously, it can be difficulty. Large....
Programmer in my "AVR software and technical Library - April 2003" CD-rom and decide to publish it. The reason was, that this programmer is very stable and works perfect with AVR Studio 4. I hadtested it before published it, with AT90s2313 and its worked....
A very simple circuit forexperiments with AT90S2313, 2x16 LCD display and 4x4 keypad. The clock is based on 4 MHz crystal, but you can use any other crystalbetween 1-4 MHz. The keys with the name "A", "B". "F" are typed to the LCD with numbers 10-16. Because....
This mini Logic analyzer is a tool for you to watch on LCD the logic transitions 0 or 1 of a digital data signal. A digital data signal can be found on the output pin of TSOP-1730 Infrared Receiver, on the Transmit and reveive pins of MAX-232 chip (RS-232),....
Most of the source code of this project its based on my Telecard reader projectof my web site. The components for this project arefew and ordinary, thatmeans low-cost and easy-to-be-found. The "keys" are empty or not telecards (Phone cards. Not cell phone....
This circuit is onlyreader. It`s not programmer. You CANNOT refill, hack or any illegal thing, the telecards. The purposeof this circuit is for you to understand how a microcontroller readsthetelecard, forbuilding other electronic circuits such as"electronic....
The current Milwaukee Guitar design uses an off-board computer (a desktop PC) to control the servomotors. A standard USB number pad is connected to the computer which then provides output signals through a Velleman K8055 USB experiment interface board to the....
U1 (555 in monostable) creates a square wave signal to matchyour signal. then it sends that square wave into the mixer (u2) along with your original signal to be mixed. so it actually is a doubler. every note you play will have a square wave note of the same....
Those pickups go to their own volume controls that are push/pull so I can coil tap them, and then onto a 5 way switch before going to the jack. To make it slightly more complex though, I`d like to put in a switch that determines whether the bridge is on or....
Using an Atmel ATTiny2313 microcontroller and an HD44780-compatible character LCD display, along with a reed switch and some magnets, I was able to construct a tiny speedometer/trip computer for a soapbox derby cart. It measured the speed of the cart using a....
Even with the controls in the highest position there will always be some signal leakage, and hence loss of tone. With Module 3, putting the bypass switch to `Solo` cuts the tone and volume controls from the circuits and effectively wires the pickups directly....
The Clock Controller was designed to be an exemplary of using `C` language to control timer0 interrupt, 7-segment LED and keypad scanning. It provides 1-bit sink current driving output, for driving a relay, opto-triac, say. Many projects requiring 7-segment....
A very nice universal window based software designed to work with any serial programmers for PIC16F84, i. e. , WPicProg16 V1. 20. Build this programmer before start constructing the coming many interesting F84 projects. Some PIC programmers can be used for....
This is a very simple RF transmitter circuit that consists of the Holtek HT-12E encoder chip and AM 418MHZ-transmitter module (WZ-X01). Using the hybrid RF xmit/receive modules make building the RF remote control a lot easy. The transmitter can be powered....
This is the main building block of the home automation system. My goal here was to design one circuit board that could be customized for different functions by selectively populating the board, adding daughter boards, and changing the software. Currently,....
The drive level of a crystal unit is shown by the level of the operating power or the current consumption (see Figures 9, 10, and 11). Operating the crystal unit at an excessive power level will result in the degradation of its characteristics, which may....
This schematic example (see sine2square. png ) demonstrates a sinusoidal voltage input at a frequency of 10KHz converted to a square wave through an inverter-based circuit. VDD and VSS rails are ties to +1V and =1V, respectively. The control file (....
Need USB solution for your project Use LPC2148 MCU. In old days it`s very handy using LPT or COM to interface your project to PC but today they are vanished just like dinosaur. All switch status can be monitored on the PC, as well as the ADC value. The LEDs....
In 1991, I was very interested on this display but I can`t find one in the town and expensive to import from abroad. But now, it`s everywhere and I can say that this technology is obsolete since the colorful TFT display is easy to find and cheap. The mcu is....
This module is HC-06 a slave mode serial bluetooth data link. The chips is made by CSR. In this project, my mobile phone will talk to AT89C2051 via HC-06. All the complication has been put in the cage (in the java library and bluetooth module), so what I....
The resolution of the barometric pressure is about 0. 00417 inHg (0. 0139 kPa) for a pressure range of 31. 0 to 28. 0 inHg (105. 0 to 95. 0 kPa, or 1050 to 950 mb or hPa). Better resolutions are possible with a more restricted pressure range. The circuit....
Ignore components C1, C2, R3. The MOSFET, Q1, switches on creating a short circuit between the right hand side of the inductor, L1, and 0V. Thus a fixed voltage of 3. 3V is applied across the inductor, so its current will ramp up according to When the MOSFET....
The top MOSFET switches on creating a short circuit between the input voltage (IN) and the left hand side of the inductor, L1. The inductor current ramps up according to the equation where V is the voltage across the inductor, L is the inductance value and....
One of the simplest sinewave oscillators is the Wien Bridge Oscillator. Any circuit requires 2 conditions to oscillate. Tracing the path from the input, round the feedback network, back to the input there must be an overall phase shift of 0 degrees at one....
This project is a simple 12V to 220V modified sine-wave inverter using 555 timer IC and CD4017 decade counter. This inverter can deliver 300W continuous power and around 500W max power output (short period). A very good inverter for uninterruptible power....
Pulse width modulation or familiarly known as PWM is used to control the delivered power to load without loosing the efficiency. The speed of an electric motor....
Capacitance meter is one instrument that you should have in your toolbox if you are an electronics hobbyist, or if you`re a professional electronic technician....
Measuring inductance is important in making your hand-made inductors, especially when you do-it-yourself (DIY) your coil winding. An inductance meter adapter....
Designing wide range variable power supply using linear regulator is easy, but suffer terrible efficiency when it should regulate 60 Volt constant source ....
Neon lamp or tube lamp need high voltage to trigger the ionization of the gas inside the tube. After the ionization occurs, the voltage drops around 40 volts....
DC to AC inverter is used to convert DC voltage source to an AC voltage source. DC AC inverter circuit works by switching the DC voltage source to make an....
