Top Circuits Page 43
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Here is some experimental hardware and software to transmit and receive AX.25 packets.
It is essentially a PIC-E clone designed around a Atmel AT90S2313 with a few extra bells and whistles.
I had picked up a couple of MXCOM MX-614s at the TAPR display (I....
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The LCD display is represented by the connector X1. It has a HD44780 compatible LCD controller and I'm using the 4-bit interface to send data to the LCD controller. The LED's are multiplexed. I've seen the circuit somewhere in the web. It is possible to....
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As you know the AT90S1200 microcontroller include an internal RC oscillator that is disabled by default. If you want to change it (enable or disable) you must to program it with parallel mode. The most programmers working with serial mode and its not....
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The page is about equipping an Atmel AVR microcontroller based system with a Prism WLAN interface. This document is intended for people that already have experiences with the AVR microcontrollers and teaches them how to add a cheap but flexible WLAN....
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The NanoVM is a java virtual machine for the Atmel AVR ATmega8 CPU, the member of the AVR CPU family used e.g. in the DLR Asuro robot, manufactured by AREXX engineering. With the NanoVM, the Asuro can be programmed in the popular Java language using the....
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The ATMEL, with family AVR, was consolidated in the field of microcontrollers. The microcontrollers are, providing fast core and a variety of peripherals. These features continue to occupy the attention of engineers and earn their preference. The developer....
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I plugged the temperature onto 8 LEDs (I'm using a DeccanRobots package, and so this was supplied with the board). It worked, showing the temperature in binary form . Now when I tried using my microcontroller with this program I wrote to output the number....
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The Morse Beepy is a circuit I designed to be simple and cheap enough for kids and adults to use as a first soldering project, but powerful enough that they could have fun with it. In fifteen minutes, it can be soldered together and programmed to beep and....
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The schematic show that the AccelR8 only uses 3 IC`s. An AVR 8515 microcontroller do the calculation work and controls the other circuits. An MAX603 controls voltage and power-on/power-off. And the chip that makes it all possible, the ADXL202 from Analog....
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This power-stingy combination of an audio codec and touchscreen-interface controller now comprises a differential or two-channel microphone input with automatic level control, a two-channel audio-line input, a separate monophonic-audio input, a PC-"beep"....
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This is a simple capacitance meter which can measure capacitance value easy. There are some measurement methods for capacitance, at one time the capacitance was measured with a impedance bridge or a dip meter. Recently typical capacitance meters can measure....
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This simple add-on capacitance meter has been specially designed to help you identify capacitors from 1p to 10u. There has always been a problem identifying capacitors, due to the enormous variety in size, shape and coding. Most of the time it is impossible....
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This very simple circuit acts as a high sensitivity capacitive sensor. Lamps and/or Buzzers are operated at half the mains supply voltage when a part of the human body comes in contact with the sensor or approaches it at a close distance. The circuit can be....
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You can use a multimeter with capacitance-measurement capability to measure the length of wire or cable to an open circuit. The capacitance of a pair of wires (or a wire to a shield) is directly proportional to the length of the wire. If you know the....
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The simple circuit in Figure 1 uses a low-current-drain MAX4073H amplifier to sense the current flowing through a 4- to 20-mA loop. The circuit senses the current through a 1 resistor with a fixed gain of 100 and uses no battery or dc power supply. The low....
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This circuit was designed on request, to remotely monitor when a couple of electric heaters have been left on. Its sensor must be placed in contact with the feeder to be able to monitor when the power cable is drawing current, thus causing the circuit to....
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High-speed current sensing presents a designer with some significant challenges. Most techniques for sensing current involve measuring the differential voltage the current produces as it flows through a sense element, such as a resistor or a Hall-effect....
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The simple ADC in Figure 1 is perfect for getting analog signals into a purely digital microcontroller. Using just five surface-mount parts, you can assemble it for less than 50 cents (1000), which is approximately half the cost of a single-chip-ADC approach....
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The residual-current circuit breaker in Figure 1 continuously monitors the supply lines for any leakage current and immediately disconnects the supply if necessary. Load-supply wires, both live and neutral, pass through the magnetic core of the CR4311-5....
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The accurate, high-side, current-sense circuit in Figure 1 does not use a dedicated, isolated supply voltage, as some schemes do. Only the selected transistors limit the common-mode range. The circuit measures the voltage across a small current-sense....
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The simple circuit in Figure 1a can sense both low and high current levels without low sensitivities or loss of accuracy either at the low or the high end of the scale. The circuit is useful for discerning either low or high currents in noisy environments...
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Several integrated high-side current-sense amplifiers, such as the MAX4172 (Maxim Integrated Products, www.maxim-ic.com), make it easy to measure the current from a positive power supply. With a couple of resistors, these devices provide a ground-referenced....
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The simplest technique for measuring current in an actuator or a motor is to monitor the ground current with a resistive element between the load and the ground. Because the device and its associated electronics share a ground potential, you need to amplify....
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You use high-side current monitoring in many battery-powered products that require accurate monitoring of load current, charger current, or both. In applications for nonportable designs, high-side-current monitoring serves as a power-supply watchdog that can....
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All dedicated current-sense amplifiers provide high-side sensing on a positive supply, but you can adapt such circuits for monitoring a negative supply (Figure 1). The positive-supply pin, V+, connects to the system`s positive supply, and the ground pin,....
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The circuit shows the method of `mirror` current sensing a MOSFET. A fully conducting MOSFET is resistive and behaves exactly as a resistor. It therefore you limit the voltage across the MOSFET when it is conducting you automatically limit the current....
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The task of sensing dc current at high voltage is often problematic. Most high-side current-sensing ICs available off the shelf are good only to 30 or 40V. Combining an optocoupler with such an IC yields a sensing circuit in which the only limitation of the....
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The common JFET current-source in Figure 1a has average output impedance and depends heavily on the JFET`s VP and IDSS variations. These manufacturing variations limit the initial accuracy of the current setpoint that the circuit can obtain with a fixed R1.....
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Isolated flyback converters usually evoke thoughts-or bitter memories-of custom transformers, slipped delivery schedules, and agency-approval problems. Off-the-shelf flyback transformers carry isolation ratings of only 300 to 500V and rarely of as much as 1....
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Here`s the schematic of the device depicted in the photo. Each of the ten coil-assemblies has its own copy of the above circuit. The SS41 is a Microswitch Hall Effect magnetic field sensor IC that I found in Surplus catalog for $.50 each. Any similar hall IC....
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Variable-reluctance sensors are preferred for industrial and automotive environments, because they sustain mechanical vibration and operation to 300°C. In most applications, they sense a steel target that is part of a rotating assembly. Because the....
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Power-supply designers usually like flyback converters to operate in DCM (discontinuous-conduction mode) rather than in CCM (continuous-conduction mode). In DCM, the flyback converter is a first-order system at low frequencies, which eases the feedback-loop....
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In the circuit of Figure 1, assume that a brush-type dc motor must drive a load back and forth between two endpoints on a lead screw. Optical sensors determine end of travel, and an SPDT switch selects to which end to send the load. The sensors themselves....
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After (years) of mucking about with this, I finally put together a really slick tach that I`ve had in use for a long time. PCBs are available to experiment with, the source code and schematics are open, the code is well tested and mature, so what are you....
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A speedometer measures a wheel`s rotational speed. Unlike conventional mechanical and moving-magnet designs that use analog moving-pointer displays, the electronic speedometer in this Design Idea features a digital readout and a power-saving device that uses....
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Anyone performing their own automobile tune-ups knows how important it is to know your engines speed. With this tachometer, you can measure your engines speed without any connections or annoying timing lights...
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These pages describe my project to build simpler and less expensive amateur seismometers by using microprocessors and other new chips, such as switched capacitor filters. I have tried to provide links to much of the excellent information that is already on....
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Commercially available IR distance rangers typically handle a 3- to 30-in. detection distance. Many times, it is necessary to determine smaller distances. The circuit in Figure 1 is useful for measuring small distances to reflective surfaces. Its measurement....
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Peak reading meters, popular in Europe for years, are just now coming into greater favor in America, and for good reason. The main purpose for having a VU meter is obviously to monitor signal levels going to a tape recorder, reverb unit, or some other....
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This circuit was designed to provide a valuable test equipment tool for sound reinforcement systems like guitar amplifiers and the like. Used in conjunction with a signal generator it can be of considerable help in setting and controlling levels through any....
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You face a serious problem in using a slow ADC with a fast peak detector. The circuit in Figure 1 allows a slow ADC to measure a fast, sampled signal peak. The 100-MHz peak detector for ultrasonic-pulse sampling uses a fast MAX4231 amplifier from Maxim....
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When you need a precision peak detector, you would usually implement it with one or several op amps and a few other associated components. This technique usually works well unless your design requires operation higher than a few kilohertz. In designs....
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Requiring no rectifier diodes, the positive peak-detector circuits in figures 1 and 2 exploit the open-drain output of a Texas Instruments TLC372 fast comparator, IC1. Both versions of the detector are simple and inexpensive and provide a buffered,....
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Professional electronics designers often use peak-detector circuit sin such applications as amplitude measurement, automatic gain control, and data regeneration. You can build a simple and fast peak detector from a serial diode and a shunt capacitor, but it....
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The circuit devised by Phil Allison still has some input voltage limitations, since it is based on a FET. Junction FET VCAs also create considerable distortion, with the worst of it appearing when the signal is attenuated by 6dB. The common way to fix this....
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This circuit is useful in liquids level or proximity detection. It operates detecting the distance from the target by reflection of an infra-red beam. It can safely detect the level of a liquid in a tank without any contact with the liquid itself. The....
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The figure is zero and span adjustment circuit includes a feedback resistor network and differential pressure sensing..
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1B32 application circuit with multiple pressure sensor shown in Fig. Excitation power through AD542, after TIP32 then drive multiple bridge sensors. AD542 is a Bi-FET as the in..
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This circuit can be used to remotely monitor a loudspeaker, alarm, or audio source for presence of an audio waveform. It can also be directly connected across loudspeaker terminals used as a peak indicator. If you need to monitor some audio signal at a....
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This project is intended for controlling mains powered disco lighting, although there are many other possible uses for controlling almost any mains appliance. It will control five seperate channels at up to 3 Amp per channel. This could be increased by....
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When the 555 ic goes into timing mode (triggered by an output signal from the sound detector amplifier,) the timer`s output (pin 3) is set into HIGH for a duration set by C2, and R2. adjusting R1 will adjust how long it listens, from 10 seconds all the way....
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This circuit is designed to trigger on a 1 khz tone. to change this frequency - refer to the table below, then change the resistor and capacitor values accordingly...
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One LED monitors three levels: 50, 70 & 85 dB
Useful to detect too noisy environments. This circuit is intended to signal, through a flashing LED, the exceeding of a fixed threshold in room noise, chosen from three fixed levels, namely 50, 70 & 85....
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Useful for liquids level detection and proximity devices
Up to 50 cm. range, optional relay operation. This circuit is useful in liquids level or proximity detection. It operates detecting the distance from the target by reflection of an infra-red beam. It....
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This circuit is intended to control a heating system or central heating plan, keeping constant indoor temperature in spite of wide range changes in the outdoor one. Two sensors are needed: one placed outdoors, in order to sense the external temperature; the....
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Many people experienced sleeping well in natural surroundings, into a tent or a wooden hut. This fact is due not only to the healthy atmosphere but also from our unconscious ability to perceive natural Earth`s magnetic-fields.
The circuit generates this....
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High sensitivity, portable temperature comparator. This sensitive circuit is basically a comparator, detecting very slight temperature changes in respect to the ambient temperature. It was primarily intended to detect draughts around doors and windows that....
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Tests transistors and diodes for polarity. A three-phase wave form is derived from the 350Hz ring-of-three oscillator formed by IC1A, IC1B and IC1C, and applied to the device under test via the LEDs. The oscillator wave form enables each pair of device....
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This thing is a very nifty capacitive sensor. For you europeans, this little gem is used in north america mostly for detecting wooden beams behind drywall or plaster. I`ll take one of these over the new design any day, because these ones don`t error out....
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This circuit uses a sensor made of a small piece of etched PC board and a simple SCR circuit to detect rain and sound a buzzer. The SCR could also be used to activate a relay, turn on a lamp, or send a signal to a security system...
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This 1-Wire MicroLAN [1] uses a capacitor and diode half-wave rectifier to provide parasitic power from the data line for the station's various sensors and to transfer data (see Figure 1). Each sensor has a unique serial number that identifies it to the bus.....
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I have found this circuit to have better sensitivity, both in distance to a visible bat and in audio frequency, than some other published circuits using a 40kHz transducer with 4000x gain amplification, though the 40kHz transducer I used for the comparison....
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This can be used to control entry on a Cat or Dog Door" NOTE: There may be some changes and improvements coming. However this circuit does work and you can build it as shown. The PCB Shown below is Available from me, or make it yourself. It Measures 2.75" by....
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Dew (condensed moisture) ad- versely affects the normal per- formance of sensitive electronic devices. A low-cost circuit described here can be used to switch off any gadget automatically in case of excessive humidity. At the heart of the circuit is an....
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Colour sensor is an interesting project for hobbyists. The cir- cuit can sense eight colours, i.e. blue, green and red (primary colours); magenta, yellow and cyan (secondary colours); and black and white. The circuit is based on the fundamentals of optics....
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This is a very simple circuit to interface a current loop sensor to an input which is designed for a voltage, such as that from a standard potentiometer. This page is technical so that interested persons can build the circuit themselves, but 4QD can also....
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These controllers have an inhibit input and the effect of shorting this down to ground is to turn down the internal demand speed. So with the battery current limiter fitted, the internal demand speed can only ramp up to a value which engages the limit. Some....
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The following circuit can be used to detect those annoying piezo whistles that one can get from Radio Shack. For the Trinity Home Fire Fighting Contest, additional points accrue when the robot is started by a sound similar to a fire alarm. The actual....
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The cooling is not only a PC using a small fan with an electronic commutator [1]. A special feature of these fans is that their removal is less dependent on the load. Indicators monitoring the DC component of current may therefore be very reliable.....
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A pressure sensor circuit, a pressure sensor is nominal resistance 120n. The amplifier circuit is the use AD521 op amp gain of 100. It consists of Rs/Rc; decision; A/D converte..
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AD7714 circuit constituted by a pressure measurement system is shown in Fig. BP01 is Sensym companys pressure sensors. The BP01 connected into a bridge circuit, from OUT +, OUT..
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ADSP-2103 or ADIs ADSP-2105 is produced by a digital signal processor. AD7714 and the ADSP-2103/2105 interface circuit as shown in FIG. When the output is active ADSP-2103/2105..
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As illustrated, the filtering and amplifying circuit composed of two parts. Wherein the filter MAXIM MAX267 is an integrated company produced, may constitute a low-pass, band p..
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As shown below, this circuit uses BP01-type pressure sensor and op amp MAX4472.BP01 type pressure sensor is specifically designed for the detection of blood pressure, mainly us..
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Bridge sensor output signal precision differential instrumentation amplifier with adjustable gain IC1 amplified send IS0100, IC1s gain is determined by the external resistor Rc..
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CGS-H ceramic humidity sensor constructed low humidity detection circuit diagram . ..
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Circuit shown in Figure 3-165. Start-up time by the time relay KT control. Figure, Hi is the power indicator, H2 for the start lights, H3 for the running lights. ..
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Circuit shown in Figure 3-166. It uses the button control. When start forward, press SB], the motor rotor string frequency sensitive people rheostat RF operation. When the moto..
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The circuit provides a windshield wiper delay, dynamic braking and windshield wipers when they reach the rest position. This prevents the blades passing, which could lead them to stop at a point where they interfere with the vision of drivers. With the....
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Electric cars represent the voice circuit principle, when to speak, against sound signal received by a drop in the body into a microphone BM and telecommunications weak number,..
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EXT connected AC magneto produced. Rectified by D1 stored in C1, and rectified by D4, R9, C7, C8 filtering, power supply to the integrated circuit IC, the D3 then turn off the ..
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A Mitsubishi Pajero car audio, fault phenomenon is silent, and the rest feature to work, the search for the amplifier IC TA8205AH damage. TA8205AH Toshiba company produces 22W ..
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An automobile permanent magnet alternator failure, the phenomenon of cars at night driving, headlights suddenly increase in brightness, then goes out. Analyzing the generator v..
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Anatomy of the two ignition experiments, measuring the three normal ignition, found a common problem, and both ends of the ignition coil has a diode. Why manufacturers do this ..
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Between fixed loudspeaker that period. Its outer diameter must be consistent with the paper tube diameter to facilitate fixed speakers, and in its outer open on a walk trough, ..
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Chizuru 100Hz channel frequency pulse charging electric bike battery circuit Shown as Chizuru 1.00 I-Lz letter frequency pulse electric bicycle battery charging circuit. Freque..
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Circuit principle : circuit after transformer, bridge rectifier and conditioning on the battery charge, the charge current transformer can be adjusted simply give about 12v 100..
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Circuit principle: circuit after transformer, bridge rectifier and conditioning on the battery charge, the charge current transformer can be adjusted simply give about 12v 100A..
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This board is designed specifically to control the 5-motor Robot Arm sold by Baycom Technologies. It has no input facilities, but it is less expensive than combining the I/O Board with the Relay sub-Board. If you need lots of relays and no input, this is the....
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Connecting a LCD display to your personal computer is an easy job. Displaying data from your PC to a LCD can be proven very exiting, so give it a try and build your own today! In this article we will use a 2 lines x 16 characters LCD display with Hitachi....
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Clean the surface to be glued components to the printed circuit. Use a sheet of very fine sandpaper to smooth bumps fortunes. First attach the resistors and diodes. Pay attention to the polarity of the diodes! Then glue the two finished watching the first....
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The "LCD2LPT with Lirc" circuit is the compilation of two circuits found on the net on a single board. The first is LCD to LPT interface and the second an IR remote control interface using http://www.lirc.org program. The main circuit for LCD connection to....
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This project is aimed at building a small circuit that fits into a standard USB Visor cradle and that adds RS-232 capabilities. Note that Handspring sells a serial cradle but if you have more time than money, do it yourself and you will have a 2 in 1 cradle !..
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This interface circuit provides electrically isolated RS422 communication interface to the PC serial port the isolation circuit protect the PC from direct connection to hazardous voltages...
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This interface circuit provides electrically isolated RS485 communication inteface to the PC serial port the isolation circuit protect the PC from direct connection to hazardous voltages...
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This self powered interface circuit electrically isolates the TxD and RxD lines from the PC serial port and protect the PC from direct connection to hazardous voltages. The isolator is intended to provide electrical isolation between a computer and the....
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The following circuit are provded here to give your idea how the overvoltage protecton circuits really work and how you can easily add some protection to your circuits. To make theose circuit really effective need careful component choosing and good....
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This is the basic interface I used as part of my Computerized Room project. This is the parallel interface only. The 8 bit input card can be found, along with the rest of the project, at Computerize Your Room/House. This interface, as well as the other two....
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Here is an inexpensive way to get slow-moving analog data directly into a spreadsheet on your computer! A simple circuit connects to a serial port and a short Qbasic program gathers and saves 12 bit data to a file. A spreadsheet automatically retrieves the....
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DAC0832 is a memory device having two input engrave a D/A converter chip, can be connected directly to the computer bus. Its main properties are as follows: 8-bit resolution; s..