Top Circuits Page 52
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Realistic flap and landing gear actuation.
This circuit slows the speed of a conventional proportional servo.
It regulates the time required for full servo rotation from 1 to 10 seconds without any reduction in the servo`s torque, and every servo....
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No Description available...
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This simple micro-control circuit controls a servo motor according to a 3-state switch. A servo motor acts as an actuator in 3 position. It has 3 wires, one for VCC, one for Ground and another one for position control. The last signal is a single pulse with....
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DC Servo Motor Driver kit, designed using MC33030 IC, is the fastest and low cost way of getting your DC Servo Motor up and running...
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This is a simple servo tester which will comprehensively test the capabilities of almost any modern servo. It has two pushbuttons, CENTRE and SWEEP and a potentiometer which works as follows: CENTRE Does exactly that, centers the servo, afterwards the....
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This circuit takes standard 0-10V control voltage (for example from analogue light controlling desk) and outputs a standard 1-2 ms RC servo motors control pulse. Power supply: 4-5V DC (same as for RC servo), consumes 15 mA of current. Control voltage range:....
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FIG potentiometer RP2 sliding contact with the axle shaft is directly connected to the antenna. Only when given potentiometer RP1 and RP2 refers in the same position, only non-..
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F9500 is the power supply in the United amplifier circuit preamplifier. The power supply using LM7824 and LM7924 composition 42V servo regulator power supply, Huang NE5532 op a..
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The 1381 solar engine uses a 1381* voltage detector (a.k.a., a voltage supervisor) IC to drive a voltage-based (type 1) solar engine. The 1381 is normally used to reset CPUs and Micros when the power supply drops too low for reliable operation. So 1381s....
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The Atmel AVR series are very good microcontrollers with quite a rich instruction set, rich enough that lots of folks have good compilers for them so we don`t have to learn their assembler. A very rich compiler available is the BASCOM/AVR compiler from MCS....
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The LDR`s were hand-picked. Got two packages of them from Radio Shack, looking for at least two pairs of similar parts. Then added wire-wrap pin sockets, to the circuit, so that the LDR`s could be plugged in. Currently, the 0.33UF cap is not being used on my....
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The MiniBoard, a Motorola 68HC11 Robot Controller board designed by Fred G. Martin, also uses this driver. The day after, I then decided to prepare the page describing how to use C-52 EVB as a robot controller board. I asked my student for competition, build....
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Intelligently modifying the motor-drive commands to a robot can give you control finesse during competitions. Moving a joystick hard right, for example, might have different effects, depending on the robot`s speed and direction. Software running on an....
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The design is simple, tuneable, but no longer terribly useful (I include it here just for purposes of education and folks` historical interest). This design has a number of weaknesses; courtesy of Wilf Rigter, here are a few:..
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A very popular circuit for driving DC motors (ordinary or gearhead) is called an H-bridge. It`s called that because it looks like the capital letter `H` on classic schematics. The great ability of an H-bridge circuit is that the motor can be driven forward....
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The dual slope-sampling solar engine. Yet another interesting design from the fertile mind of Wilf Rigter If you had time to experiment with the ALF type SE circuit you may have discovered some of its shortcomings with regard to a Power Smart Head....
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Mobile robots need simple and lightweight dc-motor-speed-control hardware that can work with low-power batteries. Flip-flop type navigation systems allow only one motor to operate at a time while the other motor remains off. Navigation direction changes....
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Me and a friend are both trying to build a millipede. Because of obvious reasons, the millipede is NOT going to have 1000 feet!!! Instead, it`s going to have 16 pager motors as feet. It will also have 3 MicroMotors to ``bend`` towards light, and a backup....
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The original FLED-based SE uses a flashing LED to drive a type 1 solar engine (you`ll note that it`s just like the Zener-based SE, but with a FLED in the starring role). The good news is that all the parts in this solar engine are relatively easy to find;....
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Shortly after the 2002 WCRG, Ori Barbut started tinkering with Ben Hitchcock`s FRED SE. His aim was to create a simple, solar-powered, light-seeking head design (and in particular, to create a head design that could be based on a FRED photopopper kit with....
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The Gate Boost SE uses a 1381, a 2N7000 MOSFET and a 2N3906 with a unique voltage doubler to increase the voltage applied to the gate of the MOSFET. Normally the 2.6V output of a 1381C is barely able to turn on the 2N7000. As a result the "on....
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This document presents an overview of the hardware design of the Handy Cricket...
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The happy-birthday singer is a two bit wide by n words deep programable sequencer with 4 commands: reset to start vector (00), decrease frequency (01),increase frequency (10), and pause (11). The device starts out with a 2 word vector jump at the start of....
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Recently many kind of robot contests have being opened and some interesting reports of the challenge are found on the web. The Line Following is a kind of the robot contests to vie running speed on the line. I build a tiny line following robot which can run....
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Here is an interesting circuit for a magnetic proximity switch which can be used in various applications. The magnetic proximity switch circuit, in principle, consists of a reed switch at its heart. When a magnet is brought in the vicinity of the sensor....
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The PowerSaver Flasher uses capacitive output coupling to produce brighter shorter flashes and has a much lower average current drain than standard bicore or 74HC14 flashers. The PS Flasher with one LED circuit (2 LEDs) runs all night from a 1F capacitor....
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This H-bridge variant was one of the first in which the reversing circuitry is built into the driver, rather than (as is more-commonly done) into the control circuitry upstream of the driver. This is a handy circuit, though, for 2-motor walkers -- as all....
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I`ll eventually post an explanation, but in the meantime, here it is. Meanwhile, a slightly refined version (with flashing LEDs to indicate "lock") was posted a few weeks later:..
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It provides much quicker turn-on when the Sun goes down. Note that a smaller value for the resistor will provide faster turn-on; the trade-off is that a smaller value for the resistor also makes the solar engine less efficient at charging the capacitor....
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Normally the active high output from the inverter is used to enable the remainder of the CMOS gates which then perform some useful function. When the SIMD1 triggers at night, it snaps on and the output signal can be used to control the 5 remaining 74HC14....
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In the never-ending quest for simplicity even one extra diode is a price I loath to pay and to avoid using extra components it struck me that the the two diodes in SIMD1 V1 were connected like the two junctions in one transistor. Eureka! replace two....
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The SIMD1 V3 is very similar to the NPN flavor of SIMD1 V2, but with the addition of a FET on the output line. This makes life easier for its attached load (since there`s no need here for something that can use an "enable line"), by providing power that`s....
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The all-transistor T3SE works much like a conventional SE: like the Tritium, it fires when the charging current drops below the minimum and after the circuit triggers, positive feedback is used to latch the circuit, resetting at a fixed voltage on the main....
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The VTSE uses the popular 1381 chip and that is its main advantage. The potentiometer (or two fixed resistors) connects one leg between the output and input of the 1381 and the other leg to the supply voltage. These resistors acts like a voltage divider....
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The Vx2SE is a simple discrete voltage-doubling SE for driving an LED. If the load is a red or green LED, J1 is used together with just one red or green LED for threshold detection (no 1381). For driving a blue LED use two green or red LEDs in series and....
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The capacitor charges until the PNP transistor (here shown as a 2N3906, but you could also use a BC327) receives base current through the Zener and turns on. Then the NPN transistor (here shown as a 2N3904, but you could also use a BC337) turns on and....
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You can drop all off the transistors and resistors if your motors don`t drain too much current. You only need a 74F139 or 74S139 NOT the LS version. The chip can provide peak currents up to 100mA for a short time (<1 second) and to one output at a time.....
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This circuit is a church bell controller. Basic component is an ATmega32 microcontroller. At the circuit 1 24LC32 eeprom memories is being used. As control I created a menu who will be appeared on 4x20 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). The menu browsing can be....
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Very little extra circuitry is needed to do both forword and backword walking sequences along with a few other tricks. The PIC16F818 has a lot of features that work well in this situation. As you can see from the Schematic and Source Listing, position....
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There are several websites documenting the original Furby circuit board. I decided to replace the original circuit entirely and replace it with a PIC based controller. The mechanism of the Furby itself was designed around micro- controllers. It has one....
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The receiver chip uses a Panasonic 4602 38KHz receiver and that's it for external components. It has the serial input (GP3) , two RC hobby servo outputs (GP0/GP1) and three digital outputs (GP2,4,5). Here is the code for the receiver chip. It is a bit of a....
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We hold the "first rights" to the presentation of this approach and the best part is: "It's FREE!"
The PIC12C508A is one of the most amazing devices but because it does not come in a low-cost re-programmable form, it has never been presented in a....
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The talking Yoda head consists of a Yoda mask and a microcontroller system to achieve the desired operation/effect. The basic operation of the project was specified as follows: The head was to be placed inside a closed box. Upon opening the box, the light....
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It's basically a photovore with a couple tactile sensors. It's rather complex but can give neat behaviors with modifications to the circuit. At this point I don't have any plans to give more information on this circuit so your on your own. C1 and C2 values....
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The bicore is the basis of advanced BEAM! Most intermediate to advanced BEAM robots are built off of the bicore. Uses go all the way from photovores to servo motor drivers to walkers to.... You get the idea. What it is is basically just an oscillator who's....
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Circuit diagram in the research and design features, are applied on the mobile robot. Therefore the study design systems to take into account small size, low power, easy to mov..
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This circuit is intended to drive the various lights decorating the crib prepared during Christmas season at many homes in Latin Countries, especially for children delight, in order to obtain realistic light-effects...
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Humans have been using light and sound to achieve altered states of consciousness for thousands of years. Primitive cultures used flickering fires and rythmic drumming to induce these altered states. Today, you can choose from a wide variety of electronic....
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Owing to the recent launching in Europe of Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) portable sets, we have been "Electronically Stimulated" in designing a similar circuit for the sake of Hobbyists. CES is the most popular technique for electrically boosting....
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Stethoscopes are not only useful for doctors, but home mechanics, exterminators, spying and any number of other uses. Standard stethoscopes provide no amplification which limits their use. This circuit uses op-amps to greatly amplify a standard stethoscope,....
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Functions are provided to set the temperature read interval and the FTP interval for upload, The program alters a sample file called base.html and replaces variables in it with information from the PC. When run the program can be minimised at which point it....
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This is a small, portable set, designed for those aiming at look improvement. The Bio-Stimulator provides muscles` stimulation and invigoration but, mainly, it could be an aid in removing cellulite. Tape the electrodes to the skin at both ends of the chosen....
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Here`s a simple lie detector that can be built in a few minutes, but can be incredibly useful when you want to know if someone is really telling you the truth. It is not as sophisticated as the ones the professionals use, but it works. It works by measuring....
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This circuit was developed since a number of visitors of this website requested a timer capable of emitting a beep after one, two, three minutes and so on, for jogging purposes.
As shown in the Circuit diagram, SW1 is a 1 pole 9 ways Rotary Switch. Setting....
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Senses heart pulse by means of an infrared earlobe clip. Reverse engineered circuit diagram of heart pulse sensor circuit board out of a treadmill. Notice that the output is level shifted for use by CMOS logic running on 4.5V regulated down from the 6V....
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Sound effects generators trying to imitate rain sound or sea surf are well known to hobbyists from many years: their purpose is to induce relaxation and sleep or to help in concentration and study. The sound generated is restrained to a background level and....
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U1a operates as a low-noise microphone preamp. Its gain is only about 3.9 because the high output impedance of the drain of the FET inside the electret microphone causes U1a?s effective input resistor to be about 12.2K. C2 has a fairly high value in order to....
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Here is the inside of the light reflectance sensor (top) and a schematic drawing of it's circuitry (bottom). First, carefully remove the phototransistor as shown. Then, attach the three wires that we will connect to the heart sensor (show in bright yellow).....
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DTL integrated circuit constituted by a crystal oscillator a DTL is shown by the crystal oscillator integrated circuits, and the oscillation frequency is 100 kHz and 1 MHz. It ..
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It consisted of 16 LEDs in a circle with two touch pads. By placing your fingers on the touch pads, the circuit started and ran the LEDs in a "chaser" pattern around the display, with a beep each time a LED was illuminated.
The circuit gradually slowed down....
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Crystal oscillator and frequency divider (74LS04) circuit diagram: ..
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Crystal oscillator circuit consists of several gates as the d Several gates as shown by a crystal oscillator circuit. FIG. (A) to l MHz crystal oscillator circuit, the figure (..
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Crystal oscillator integrated circuits, namely two 10 MHz and 20 MHz oscillation frequency diagram of the oscillator circuit. ..
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A simple two tone water alarm that is light enough to be worn on the upper arm of a sleeper is described. It uses two LMC555 CMOS timer chips followed by a complimentary pair of emitter followers to drive an 8 ohm speaker. Power is supplied by a 9 volt....
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V_logic is connected to the power supply Vs and all ground are connected to the negative terminal of the battery. Fout is a square wave of varying frequency with a maximum amplitude of Vs. A voltage divider is needed (200k and 10k variable resistor connected....
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Electrical potentials are generated by muscle when there is movement. This Signal can be pick up by electrode to form EMG. For my Final Year Project, I did an amplifier and signal conditioning circuit for EMG. Attached below is the schematics for the....
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This circuit is the electronic emulation of the I Ching, a form of divination originating in China. In the classical form, the response is obtained by the manipulation of 50 sticks or, more practically, by tossing 3 coins. The process must be repeated 6....
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Here is a simple circuit based on 555 IC that generates a pulsed magnetic field. You may use this field for pulsed magnetic field therapy. Human body is influenced by natural magnetic fields such as Earth’s magnetic field, fields due to geomagnetic storms,....
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E crystal oscillator circuit composed of several gates Several gates as shown by a crystal oscillator circuit. FIG. (A) to l MHz crystal oscillator circuit, the figure (b) is 2..
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Doubling rectifier circuit in negative ion generator application circuit ..
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Actual typical crystal oscillator circuit as shown in FIG. The three-point oscillator circuit to meet the original composition is for capacitance feedback oscillator. When the ..
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And a transistor in series with C1 can be used to adjust the oscillator output frequency. Frequency may be in the range of 20pF to 0.01 F change, or as the tuning capacitor, th..
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As shown in FIG receiver may help patients avoid missing voice in the daytime, only the receiver itself is working, lights will automatically cut off part. At night the lightin..
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Circuit as shown, mainly by the integrated voice chip ISD2560 composition. Winbond ISD2560 is produced by a chip with a strong voice recording function, it is a permanent memor..
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A current-feedback amplifier is a well-known component with many uses. Its basic block diagram shows that its input stage is a voltage followerin practice, a symmetrical emitter follower (Figure 1). The configuration samples the output current, converts it....
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This basic RF oscillator circuit is easy to build and the components are not critical. Most of them can be found in your junk parts box.
The L1 antenna col can be made by close winding 8 to 10 turns of 22 gauge insulted hookup wire around 1/4 inch form....
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The following schematic diagram shows the design of a 100 MHz Radio Frequency RF Oscillator Circuit. The electrets microphone picks up and amplifies sound then fed it into the audio amplifier stage built around the first transistor. The output from the....
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An oscillator, a small power stage, some modulation, and a tiny loop antenna make RF for experiments on at 187.5 kHz on the United States' FCC Part 15 Lowfer band (1600-1750 meters). This is a low power signal source I put together one evening to provide....
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The circuit is a modified Colpitts oscillator, tuned with MV209 varactor diodes. The resonating inductor and the drain choke are selected by a rotary switch. 1N5711 Schottky diode, D, clamps the maximum positive voltage on the gate of oscillator FET, Q1 to....
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This circuit generates a good 1KHz sinewave adopting the inverted Wien bridge configuration (C1-R3 & C2-R4). It features a variable output, low distortion and low output impedance in order to obtain good overload capability. A small filament bulb ensures....
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The multivibrator is a common circuit that consists of an amplifier with both positive and negative feedback (Figure 1a). When the output is positive, the positive input terminal equals ½V+, and the voltage at the negative input terminal changes toward V+.....
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This Design Idea provides a simple, inexpensive, portable circuit as an alternative to a microcontroller to provide a wide-range source of low-distortion sine waves for audio-circuit design and debugging. Although sine waves from DDS (direct digital....
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Electronic applications such as distortion and communications measurements require pure (distortionless) sine waves as input test signals. Distortion contained in test signals causes two problems. First, the test signal distortion content must be calibrated....
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The circuit of Figure 1 produces an accurate, variable-frequency sine wave for use as a general-purpose reference signal. It includes an eighth-order elliptic, switched-capacitor lowpass filter, IC3, which uses a 100-kHz square-wave clock signal that....
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Digital potentiometers are versatile devices; you can use them in many filtering and waveform-generation applications. This Design Idea describes an oscillator in which setting the resistance of two digital potentiometers independently programs the....
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This Design Idea presents a low-cost method of generating the basic 19-kHz pilot tone. The 19-kHz pilot tone comprises a baseband signal, and the L+R and LR signals consist of DSBSC (double-sideband-suppressed-carrier) modulation centered at 38 kHz. For a....
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Many applications require a sinusoidal reference voltage synchronized to the ac line voltage. You cannot derive such a reference voltage directly from the ac line because the waveform of the ac line is distorted because of nonlinear loads connected to the....
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In this circuit the gain is provided by a FET type op-amp. I have used an LF351, which may be hard to obtain, but the TL071CN or TL081CN may be used and have a faster slewing rate than the LF351. The Maplin order codes are RA67X and RA70M respectively. The....
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The circuit requires only one power-switching device, and you can use an analog or a digital signal to drive the switching device. The circuit also requires only a few components: a diode, a switching transistor or a MOSFET, an inductor or a transformer, and....
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Rectangular pulse generators, even at high frequencies, are easy to design. However, the design becomes more difficult if you need a signal that contains a precise number of periods with a sinusoidal shape. Although it is easy to produce a good sine wave,....
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A recent Design Idea described a method for designing simple, high-frequency LC oscillators with few passive components (Reference 1). However, for best results, practical hardware design of a stable oscillator requires more parts and greater complexity.....
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To keep the gain constant, the circuit used an incandescent pilot light to provide AGC (automatic gain control). As is true for all incandescent bulbs, the pilot light has nonlinear resistance. When you turn on the circuit, the cold lamp`s resistance is low,....
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As a piece of test equipment, an audio oscillator has to be considered essential for anyone working in with hi-fi gear. Together with an audio millivoltmeter (as described in Project 16), and even better if you have access to an oscilloscope, you will be....
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This circuit uses the versatile MAX038 function generator. Although in this circuit some of the advanced characteristics of this IC are disabled, you can generate Sine, Triangle, Square waves (adjusting A0 and A1 pins see datasheet on www.maxim-ic.com if you....
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If found myself in need of a 1 KHz signal source for an experiments. My function/sweep generator was needed as a pulse generator for the same experiment, so I went though my junk box, looking for circuits from long ago that might fill the need, but found....
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After the recent demise of our multifunction signal generator, we decided to make one of our own. The circuit uses a PIC16F870 (about $3), an R/2R resistor ladder network (for a real fast and cheap D/A), and a few other parts. You can check out the....
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This site contains complete schematics and code for a 68HC11 based frequency counter, square wave synthesizer, sine wave synthesizer, programmable filter, capacitance and inductance meter, with a digitalker speech synthesizer output. Project specifications....
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A lamp provides amplitude stability while the very low noise amplifier creates a pure sine wave signal. The R an C values set the oscillator frequency and the feedback resistor sets the lamp current and output amplitude...
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As shown for the stable sine wave oscillator circuit. In order to obtain stable oscillation, the loop gain of claim 1. If the gain is too large, the waveform distortion; if the..
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As shown for the wideband sinusoidal voltage controlled oscillator circuit. The circuit oscillation frequency is determined by integrating resistor R and a capacitor C, voltage..